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1. Summary of data from the United Kingdom Recreational Porbeagle Fishery from 1960-2020

Author

Jones, Georgia, Alsop, A., Chapman, R.S., Collings, S., Davis, P., Faisley, K.A., Forester, M., Hodder, L., Howell, A., Malia, O., Margetts, D., McKie, K.A., McMaster, J.D., Murphy, S., Rogers, J, Somerfield, P.J., West, D., Whittaker, P., Wright, S., Wyatt, K., Uren, D., and Thomas, S.F.

Abstract

Results from analysis of the United Kingdom recreational porbeagle fishery from 1960-2020 are\ud presented for the purpose of the 2020 ICCAT request for data on the species. During this period,\ud 1883 porbeagle were captured in UK waters for which we have records, with captures peaking\ud during the mid-1970s before collapsing in the late 1980s to a point where the species was absent\ud from many areas of UK waters. Since 2015, increases in both the numbers and the spatial\ud distribution of porbeagle captures has occurred, including those adjusted for effort, which has\ud been led by an increase in recruitment. Porbeagle populations within the UK show considerable\ud segregation by size, with captures of mature fish largely restricted to certain areas

Published
2021

3. Effects of air pollution on children's pulmonary function in urban and suburban areas of Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Author

He Qing-Ci, Lioy, P.J., Wilson, W.E., and Chapman, R.S.

Subjects
Air pollution -- Environmental aspects, Pollution -- Health aspects, Pulmonary function tests, Children -- Health aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

In May and June of 1988, the spirometric lung function of 604 children, who were aged 7-13 y and who were free of chronic respiratory conditions, was measured in the urban core and a suburb of Wuhan, China. During 1981-1988, ambient total suspended particulate (TSP) levels averaged 481 [micro]g/[m.sup.3]in the urban core and 167 [micro]g/[m.sup.3] in the suburb. In 1988, TSP levles, measured within 500 m of the children's homes, averaged 251 [micro]g/[m.sup.3] in the urban core and 110 [micro]g/[m.sup.3] in the subrub. Levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides were also higher in the urban core. Proportions of families who burned coal and gas domestically were similar in both areas. In linear and logarithmic regression models, height was a stronger determinant of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s than was age or weight. In linear models, the proportion of variance explained by height (R-squared) ranged from 0.54 for urban females' forced expiratory volume in 1 s to 0.77 for suburban males and females. Both forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were consistently lower in urban than suburban children. The average forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s in children 132-144 cm tall were 6.7% and 3.8% lower, respectively, in the urban core than the suburb; suburban-urban differences increased with height. Suburbanurban differences in slopes of lung function growth curves were statistically significant for forced vital capacity but not for forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Rates of clinical upper respiratory irritation were also generally elevated in urban children. These results strongly suggest that urban ambient air pollution exposure in China contributes to retardation in the growth of children's lung function. Confirmatory longitudinal studies are in progress in Wuhan and three other Chinese cities., IN MANY PARTS of the world, high concentrations of ambient air pollution have often been associated with excess occurrence of respiratory diseases. Elevated levels of sulfur dioxide ([SO.sub.2]) and total [...]

Published
1993

4. Coal use, stove improvement, and adult pneumonia mortality in Xuanwei, China: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Shen, M., Chapman, R.S., Vermeulen, R.C.H., Tian, L., Zheng, T., Chen, B.E., Engels, E.A., He, X., Blair, A., Lan, Q., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, and Dep IRAS

Subjects
technology, industry, and agriculture, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

BACKGROUND: In Xuanwei County, China, unvented indoor coal burning is strongly associated with increased risk of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the impact of coal burning and stove improvement on risk of pneumonia is not clear. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among all farmers born 1917 through 1951 and living in Xuanwei as of 1 January 1976. The analysis included a total of 42,422 cohort members. Follow-up identified all deaths in the cohort from 1976 through 1996. Ages at entry into and at exit from follow-up ranged from 24 to 59 years and from 25 to 80 years, respectively. The record search detected 225 deaths from pneumonia, and 32,332 (76%) were alive as of 31 December 1996. We constructed multivariable Cox models (time variable = age) to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Use of coal, especially smokeless coal, was positively associated with pneumonia mortality. Annual tonnage and lifetime duration of smoky and smokeless coal use were positively associated with pneumonia mortality. Stove improvement was associated with a 50% reduction in pneumonia deaths (smoky coal users: HR, 0.521; 95% CI, 0.340-0.798; smokeless coal users: HR, 0.449; 95% CI, 0.215-0.937). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis is the first to suggest that indoor air pollution from unvented coal burning is an important risk factor for pneumonia death in adults and that improving ventilation by installing a chimney is an effective measure to decrease it.

Published
2009

5. Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China

Author

Shen, M., Vermeulen, R.C.H., Rajaraman, P., Menashe, I., He, X., Chapman, R.S., Yeager, M., Thomas, G., Burdett, L., Hutchinson, A., Yuenger, J., Chanock, S., Lan, Q., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, and Dep IRAS

Abstract

The high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China has been attributed to exposure to indoor smoky coal emissions that contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The inflammatory response induced by coal smoke components may promote lung tumor development. We studied the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in innate immunity and lung cancer risk in a population-based case-control study (122 cases and 122 controls) in Xuanwei. A total of 1,360 tag SNPs in 149 gene regions were included in the analysis. FCER2 rs7249320 was the most significant SNP (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.16-0.55; P: 0.0001; false discovery rate value, 0.13) for variant carriers. The gene regions ALOX12B/ALOX15B and KLK2 were associated with increased lung cancer risk globally (false discovery rate value

Published
2009

6. Lung cancer and indoor air pollution in Xuan Wei, China

Author

Mumford, J.L., He, X.Z., Chapman, R.S., Cao, S.R., Harris, D.B., Li, X.M., Xian, Y.L., Jiang, W.Z., Xu, C.W., Chuang, J.C., Wilson, W.E., and Cooke, M.

Subjects
Oncology, Experimental -- Environmental aspects -- Physiological aspects, Pollution -- Research -- Physiological aspects -- Environmental aspects, Cancer patients -- Demographic aspects -- Environmental aspects -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Indoor air quality -- Physiological aspects -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Lung cancer -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Coal -- Physiological aspects -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Cancer -- Research, Air pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Research -- Physiological aspects, Aromatic compounds -- Physiological aspects -- Research -- Environmental aspects, Science and technology, Physiological aspects, Research, Demographic aspects, Environmental aspects
Abstract

Lung Cancer and Indoor Air Pollution in Xuan Wei, China XUAN WEI COUNTY, IN YUNNANProvince, China, has a population of about 1 million people, more than 90% of whom are [...]

Published
1987

7. Risk of lung cancer associated with domestic use of coal in Xuanwei, China: retrospective cohort study

Author

Barone-Adesi, F., Chapman, R.S., Silverman, D.T., He, X., Hu, W., Vermeulen, R., Ning, B., Fraumeni, J.F., Rothman, N., Lan, Q., Barone-Adesi, F., Chapman, R.S., Silverman, D.T., He, X., Hu, W., Vermeulen, R., Ning, B., Fraumeni, J.F., Rothman, N., and Lan, Q.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of lung cancer associated with the use of different types of coal for household cooking and heating. SETTING: Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, China. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (follow-up 1976-96) comparing mortality from lung cancer between lifelong users of "smoky coal" (bituminous) and "smokeless coal" (anthracite). PARTICIPANTS: 27,310 individuals using smoky coal and 9962 individuals using smokeless coal during their entire life. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were absolute and relative risk of death from lung cancer among users of different types of coal. Unadjusted survival analysis was used to estimate the absolute risk of lung cancer, while Cox regression models compared mortality hazards for lung cancer between smoky and smokeless coal users. RESULTS: Lung cancer mortality was substantially higher among users of smoky coal than users of smokeless coal. The absolute risks of lung cancer death before 70 years of age for men and women using smoky coal were 18% and 20%, respectively, compared with less than 0.5% among smokeless coal users of both sexes. Lung cancer alone accounted for about 40% of all deaths before age 60 among individuals using smoky coal. Compared with smokeless coal, use of smoky coal was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer death (for men, hazard ratio 36 (95% confidence interval 20 to 65); for women, 99 (37 to 266)). CONCLUSIONS: In Xuanwei, the domestic use of smoky coal is associated with a substantial increase in the absolute lifetime risk of developing lung cancer and is likely to represent one of the strongest effects of environmental pollution reported for cancer risk. Use of less carcinogenic types of coal could translate to a substantial reduction of lung cancer risk.

Published
2012

8. Risk of lung cancer associated with domestic use of coal in Xuanwei, China: retrospective cohort study

Author

Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Barone-Adesi, F., Chapman, R.S., Silverman, D.T., He, X., Hu, W., Vermeulen, R., Ning, B., Fraumeni, J.F., Rothman, N., Lan, Q., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Barone-Adesi, F., Chapman, R.S., Silverman, D.T., He, X., Hu, W., Vermeulen, R., Ning, B., Fraumeni, J.F., Rothman, N., and Lan, Q.

Published
2012

9. Coal use, stove improvement, and adult pneumonia mortality in Xuanwei, China: a retrospective cohort study.

Author

Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Shen, M., Chapman, R.S., Vermeulen, R.C.H., Tian, L., Zheng, T., Chen, B.E., Engels, E.A., He, X., Blair, A., Lan, Q., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Shen, M., Chapman, R.S., Vermeulen, R.C.H., Tian, L., Zheng, T., Chen, B.E., Engels, E.A., He, X., Blair, A., and Lan, Q.

Published
2009

10. Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China.

Author

Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Shen, M., Vermeulen, R.C.H., Rajaraman, P., Menashe, I., He, X., Chapman, R.S., Yeager, M., Thomas, G., Burdett, L., Hutchinson, A., Yuenger, J., Chanock, S., Lan, Q., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Shen, M., Vermeulen, R.C.H., Rajaraman, P., Menashe, I., He, X., Chapman, R.S., Yeager, M., Thomas, G., Burdett, L., Hutchinson, A., Yuenger, J., Chanock, S., and Lan, Q.

Published
2009

11. Predictors of parent-child language during novel task play: a comparison between typically developing children and individuals with Down syndrome

Author

Johnson-Glenberg, M.C., Chapman, R.S., Johnson-Glenberg, M.C., and Chapman, R.S.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Three questions were asked that explored the linguistic fine-tuning hypothesis and how parents might model language: (i) do parents significantly tune to their children's productive language or non-verbal cognition during play? (ii) is the level of the linguistic tuning different in the Down syndrome (DS) population compared to a typically developing (TD)match group population? and (iii) do the two populations differ in requests for labels and the scaffolding responses to the requests? In an exploratory play condition, parents of children with DS used a mean length of utterance (MLU) significantly higher than the MLU used by the parents of younger TD children who were matched for MLU. Thus, the DS parents have a higher baseline MLU, but the non-significant correlations in the DS group do not support parental MLU tuning. There was evidence, however, for parental tuning to the children's lexicon using a number of different words when the DS children were at lower and average levels of receptive syntax an nonverbal cognition. In addition, DS and TD parents requested labels for novel toys with the same frequency, perhaps indicting that all groups of parents are still probing and building their children's lexicons. This is an important finding because it may help to explain why adolescents and young adults with DS have vocabulary comprehension skills greater than one would predict from measures of their production and non-verbal cognition.

Published
2004

18. Respiratory responses to diverse indoor combustion air pollution sources.

Author

Qian, Z., He, Q., Kong, L., Xu, F., Wei, F., Chapman, R.S., Chen, W., Edwards, R.D., and Bascom, R.

Subjects
INDOOR air pollution research, COMBUSTION products, COAL combustion, SMOKE, HEALTH of school children, LUNG diseases
Abstract

Diverse indoor combustion sources contribute to the indoor air environment. To evaluate the effect of these sources on human respiratory health, we examined associations between respiratory conditions and household factors in the 2360 children's fathers (mean = 38.4 years old) and associations between lung function and household factors in 463 primary school children (mean = 8.3 years old) from Wuhan, China. Factor analysis developed new uncorrelated ‘factor’ variables. Unconditional logistic regression models or linear regression models, controlling for important covariates, estimated the respiratory health effects. Coal smoke derived from home heating (‘heating coal smoke’) was associated with high adult reporting of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, and wheeze. Cooking coal smoke was associated with physician-diagnosed adult asthma and decreased forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) in children. The presence of any home cigarette smoker was associated with more reports of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, cough with phlegm, and bronchitis. Our study suggests that in Wuhan, there may be independent respiratory health effects of different indoor combustion sources and their exposure factors for these study populations. Practical Implications We conclude that multiple indoor air pollution sources could have adverse respiratory health effects on both children and middle-aged men in the city of Wuhan, China. These results may have implications for the Wuhan local government, the Chinese government, or other related organizations in efforts on protecting public health through regulation of indoor air pollution from indoor combustion sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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23. Carcinoma of the larynx in two patients with keratoacanthoma.

Author

Chapman, R.S. and Finn, O.A.

Subjects
LARYNGEAL cancer, SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma, KERATOACANTHOMA, TUMORS, THERAPEUTICS, CLINICAL medicine
Abstract

Two cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx arc described, one occurring in a patient with a solitary keratoacanthoma, the other in a patient with multiple keratoacanthomas. Investigation and treatment in the conventional manner are strongly advised. Any temptation to delay, based on the rare entity of benign eruptive keratoacanthoma, should be resisted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1974
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24. Language skills of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome: I. Comprehension.

Author

Chapman, R.S. and Schartz, S.E.

Subjects
SPEECH
Abstract

Investigates the development of vocabulary and syntax comprehension skills cros-sectionally in 48 children and adolescents with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), aged 5-20 years, in comparison to 48 control children aged 2-6 years matched statistically for nonverbal mental age and mother's years of education. Method; Results; Discussion.

Published
1991
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28. Application of solid-phase antibodies to radioimmunoassay Evaluation of two polymeric microparticles, Dynospheres and nylon, activated by carbonyldiimidazole or tresyl chloride

Author

McConway, M.G. and Chapman, R.S.

Abstract

Two types of polymeric microparticle, Dynospheres and reprecipitated acid-hydrolysed nylon 66, and two methods of activating these particles with either tresyl chloride or carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) prior to covalent linkage of antibodies were investigated with a view towards their respective adoption for the preparation of general solid-phase reagents for immunoassay applications. Activation of each particle and coupling of antibodies was rapid irrespective of the activator. CDI proved to be the activator of choice since it was cheap, less hazardous, more efficient and less pH dependent than tresyl chloride.

Published
1986
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29. Summary of data from the United Kingdom Recreational Porbeagle Fishery from 1960-2020

Author

Jones, Georgia, Alsop, A., Chapman, R.S., Collings, S., Davis, P., Faisley, K.A., Forester, M., Hodder, L., Howell, A., Malia, O., Margetts, D., McKie, K.A., McMaster, J.D., Murphy, S., Rogers, J, Somerfield, P.J., West, D., Whittaker, P., Wright, S., Wyatt, K., Uren, D., Thomas, S.F., Jones, Georgia, Alsop, A., Chapman, R.S., Collings, S., Davis, P., Faisley, K.A., Forester, M., Hodder, L., Howell, A., Malia, O., Margetts, D., McKie, K.A., McMaster, J.D., Murphy, S., Rogers, J, Somerfield, P.J., West, D., Whittaker, P., Wright, S., Wyatt, K., Uren, D., and Thomas, S.F.

Abstract

Results from analysis of the United Kingdom recreational porbeagle fishery from 1960-2020 are presented for the purpose of the 2020 ICCAT request for data on the species. During this period, 1883 porbeagle were captured in UK waters for which we have records, with captures peaking during the mid-1970s before collapsing in the late 1980s to a point where the species was absent from many areas of UK waters. Since 2015, increases in both the numbers and the spatial distribution of porbeagle captures has occurred, including those adjusted for effort, which has been led by an increase in recruitment. Porbeagle populations within the UK show considerable segregation by size, with captures of mature fish largely restricted to certain areas

31. Reply

Author

Green, S.T., primary, Natarajan, S., additional, and Chapman, R.S., additional

Published
1985
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39. Improvement in household stoves and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwei, China: Retrospective cohort study: Br Med J 2005;331:1050

Author

Chapman, R.S., He, X., Blair, A.E., and Lan, Q.

Subjects
*PULMONARY emphysema, *OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, *CHIMNEYS, *AIR pollution, *FUME control
Abstract

Objective: To test whether improvement in household coal stoves affected the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Xuanwei County, China. Design: Retrospective cohort study (follow-up 1976–92) comparing incidence of COPD between groups with and without chimneys. Participants: A total of 20,453 people born into homes with unvented coal stoves: 16,606 (81.2%) subsequently changed to stoves with chimneys. Intervention: Installation of a chimney in households in which unvented stoves had been used previously. Results: Installation of a chimney was associated with distinct reduction in the incidence of COPD. Compared with people who did not have chimneys, the Cox-modelled risk ratio (relative risk) was 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.49–0.70, ) in men and 0.75 (0.62–0.92, ) in women. Modelled risk ratios were robust to different Cox model specifications. Relative risks decreased with time since stove improvement. In both sexes, the reduction in risk became unequivocal about 10 years after stove improvement. Conclusions: In Xuanwei, incidence of COPD decreased markedly after household coal stoves were improved. Reproduced with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2006
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40. Effects of Air Pollution on Children's Pulmonary Function in Urban and Suburban Areas of Wuhan, People's Republic of China.

Author

Qing-Ci He, Lioy, P.J., Wilson, W.E., and Chapman, R.S.

Subjects
AIR pollution, PULMONARY function tests, RESPIRATORY infections
Abstract

Examines the effects of pollution on the pulmonary function of children in Wuhan, China. Levels of total suspended particulate found in children; Comparison of results between children living in urban and suburban areas; Differences in slopes of lung function growth in suburban areas.

Published
1993
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