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2. Predictors of Parent-Child Language During Novel Task Play: A Comparison Between Typically Developing Children and Individuals with Down Syndrome

Author

Johnson-Glenberg, M. C. and Chapman, R. S.

Abstract

Three questions were asked that explored the linguistic fine-tuning hypothesis and how parents might model language: (i) do parents significantly tune to their children's productive language or non-verbal cognition during play? (ii) is the level of the linguistic tuning different in the Down syndrome (DS) population compared to a typically developing (TD)-match group population? and (iii) do the two populations differ in requests for labels and the scaffolding responses to the requests? In an exploratory play condition, parents of children with DS used a mean length of utterance (MLU) significantly higher than the MLU used by the parents of younger TD children who were matched for MLU. Thus, the DS parents have a higher baseline MLU, but the non-significant correlations in the DS group do not support parental MLU tuning. There was evidence, however, for parental tuning to the children's lexicon using a number of different words when the DS children were at lower and average levels of receptive syntax and non-verbal cognition. In addition, DS and TD parents requested labels for novel toys with the same frequency, perhaps indicting that all groups of parents are still probing and building their children's lexicons. This is an important finding because it may help to explain why adolescents and young adults with DS have vocabulary comprehension skills greater than one would predict from measures of their production and non-verbal cognition.

Published
2004
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18. Outdoor, indoor, and personal black carbon exposure from cookstoves burning solid fuels

Author

Downward, G S, Hu, W, Rothman, N, Reiss, B, Wu, G, Wei, F, Xu, J, Seow, W J, Brunekreef, B, Chapman, R S, Qing, L, Vermeulen, R, dIRAS RA-2, Risk Assessment, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Infection & Immunity, dIRAS RA-2, Risk Assessment, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), and Infection & Immunity

Subjects
Rural Population, China, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, geology, PM2.5 absorbance, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Article, Heating, Black carbon, Soot, Air Pollution, Smoke, Humans, Climate change, Coal, Cooking, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bituminous coal, education.field_of_study, business.industry, geology.rock_type, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, Anthracite, Building and Construction, Environmental Exposure, Particulates, Solid fuel, Wood, Household air pollution, Solid fuels, Stove, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, business
Abstract

Black carbon (BC) emissions from solid fuel combustion are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are important drivers of climate change. We studied BC measurements, approximated by particulate matter (PM2.5 ) absorbance, in rural Yunnan province, China, whose residents use a variety of solid fuels for cooking and heating including bituminous and anthracite coal, and wood. Measurements were taken over two consecutive 24-h periods from 163 households in 30 villages. PM2.5 absorbance (PMabs ) was measured using an EEL 043 Smoke Stain Reflectometer. PMabs measurements were higher in wood burning households (16.3 × 10(-5) /m) than bituminous and anthracite coal households (12 and 5.1 × 10(-5) /m, respectively). Among bituminous coal users, measurements varied by a factor of two depending on the coal source. Portable stoves (which are lit outdoors and brought indoors for use) were associated with reduced PMabs levels, but no other impact of stove design was observed. Outdoor measurements were positively correlated with and approximately half the level of indoor measurements (r = 0.49, P < 0.01). Measurements of BC (as approximated by PMabs ) in this population are modulated by fuel type and source. This provides valuable insight into potential morbidity, mortality, and climate change contributions of domestic usage of solid fuels.

Published
2016

21. Therapy With Carbenoxolone

Author

Horwich, Leon, Galloway, Raymond W., Mohamed, S. D., Chapman, R. S., and Crooks, J.

Published
1966

22. Outdoor, indoor, and personal black carbon exposure from cookstoves burning solid fuels

Author

dIRAS RA-2, Risk Assessment, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Infection & Immunity, Downward, G S, Hu, W, Rothman, N, Reiss, B, Wu, G, Wei, F, Xu, J, Seow, W J, Brunekreef, B, Chapman, R S, Qing, L, Vermeulen, R, dIRAS RA-2, Risk Assessment, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), Dep IRAS, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Infection & Immunity, Downward, G S, Hu, W, Rothman, N, Reiss, B, Wu, G, Wei, F, Xu, J, Seow, W J, Brunekreef, B, Chapman, R S, Qing, L, and Vermeulen, R

Published
2016

23. Hepcidin levels in diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome

Author

Sam, A H, Busbridge, M, Amin, A, Webber, L, White, D, Franks, S, Martin, N M, Sleeth, M, Ismail, N A, Daud, N Mat, Papamargaritis, D, Le Roux, C W, Chapman, R S, Frost, G, Bloom, S R, and Murphy, K G

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, digestive system, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Hepcidins, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Ferritins, Homeostasis, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Female, Insulin Resistance, Research Articles, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract

Aim Increased body iron is associated with insulin resistance. Hepcidin is the key hormone that negatively regulates iron homeostasis. We hypothesized that individuals with insulin resistance have inadequate hepcidin levels for their iron load. Methods Serum concentrations of the active form of hepcidin (hepcidin-25) and hepcidin:ferritin ratio were evaluated in participants with Type 2 diabetes (n = 33, control subjects matched for age, gender and BMI,n = 33) and participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 27, control subjects matched for age and BMI,n = 16). To investigate whether any changes observed were associated with insulin resistance rather than insulin deficiency or hyperglycaemia per se, the same measurements were made in participants with Type 1 diabetes (n = 28, control subjects matched for age, gender and BMI,n = 30). Finally, the relationship between homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and serum hepcidin:ferritin ratio was explored in overweight or obese participants without diabetes (n = 16). Results Participants with Type 2 diabetes had significantly lower hepcidin and hepcidin:ferritin ratio than control subjects (P

Published
2013

25. Indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide from burning solid fuels for cooking and heating in Yunnan Province, China

Author

Seow, W. J., primary, Downward, G. S., additional, Wei, H., additional, Rothman, N., additional, Reiss, B., additional, Xu, J., additional, Bassig, B. A., additional, Li, J., additional, He, J., additional, Hosgood, H. D., additional, Wu, G., additional, Chapman, R. S., additional, Tian, L., additional, Wei, F., additional, Caporaso, N. E., additional, Vermeulen, R., additional, and Lan, Q., additional

Published
2015
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27. Indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide from burning solid fuels for cooking and heating in Yunnan Province, China.

Author

Seow, W. J., Downward, G. S., Wei, H., Rothman, N., Reiss, B., Xu, J., Bassig, B. A., Li, J., He, J., Hosgood, H. D., Wu, G., Chapman, R. S., Tian, L., Wei, F., Caporaso, N. E., Vermeulen, R., and Lan, Q.

Subjects
NITROGEN dioxide, SULFUR dioxide, INDOOR air pollution, INDOOR air quality, AIR pollution
Abstract

The Chinese national pollution census has indicated that the domestic burning of solid fuels is an important contributor to nitrogen dioxide ( NO2) and sulfur dioxide ( SO2) emissions in China. To characterize indoor NO2 and SO2 air concentrations in relation to solid fuel use and stove ventilation in the rural counties of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, in Yunnan Province, China, which have among the highest lung cancer rates in the nation, a total of 163 participants in 30 selected villages were enrolled. Indoor 24-h NO2 and SO2 samples were collected in each household over two consecutive days. Compared to smoky coal, smokeless coal use was associated with higher NO2 concentrations [geometric mean ( GM) = 132 μg/m3 for smokeless coal and 111 μg/m3 for smoky coal, P = 0.065] and SO2 [limit of detection = 24 μg/m3; percentage detected (%Detect) = 86% for smokeless coal and 40% for smoky coal, P < 0.001]. Among smoky coal users, significant variation of NO2 and SO2 air concentrations was observed across different stove designs and smoky coal sources in both counties. Model construction indicated that the measurements of both pollutants were influenced by stove design. This exposure assessment study has identified high levels of NO2 and SO2 as a result of burning solid fuels for cooking and heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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33. A model to investigate the influence of suspended sediment on the mass transport of a pollutant in open channel flow

Author

Chapman, R. S

Subjects
Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer
Abstract

An explicit two-dimensional finite difference model, designed to investigate the influence of suspended sediment on the pollutant transport process, is presented. Specific attention is directed toward examining the role of suspended sediment in: (1) the turbulent vertical transport mechanism in a stratified flow, and (2) pollutant uptake due to sorption. Results presented indicate that suspended sediment plays a major role in the pollutant transport process, and subsequently, any meaningful attempt to model the fate of a pollutant in an alluvial channel must account for the presence of a suspended sediment concentration profile. Similarly, the vertical and longitudinal pollutant concentration distributions provided by the model may be utilized to improve upon the predictive capacities of existing water quality models.

Published
1977

34. Particle size and X-ray analysis of Feldspar, Calvert, Ball, and Jordan soils

Author

Chapman, R. S

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Pipette analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to characterize the particle size distribution and clay mineral content of the feldspar, calvert, ball, and jordan soils. In general, the ball, calvert, and jordan soils were primarily clay size particles composed of kaolinite and illite whereas the feldspar soil was primarily silt-size particles composed of quartz and feldspar minerals.

Published
1977

39. Investigation of Wetlands Hydraulic and Hydrological Processes, Model Development, and Application.

Author

ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS, Walton, R., Martin, T. H., Jr., Chapman, R. S., Davis, J. E., ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS, Walton, R., Martin, T. H., Jr., Chapman, R. S., and Davis, J. E.

Abstract

Researchers have found that hydrology and the dynamic nature of water flowing through wetlands affects the vegetation (composition, structure, and diversity), influences its primary productivity, controls its organic accumulation, and drives its nutrient cycling (Gosselink and Turner 1978).

Published
1995

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