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3. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset.

Author

Díaz, Sandra, Kattge, Jens, Cornelissen, Johannes HC, Wright, Ian J, Lavorel, Sandra, Dray, Stéphane, Reu, Björn, Kleyer, Michael, Wirth, Christian, Prentice, I Colin, Garnier, Eric, Bönisch, Gerhard, Westoby, Mark, Poorter, Hendrik, Reich, Peter B, Moles, Angela T, Dickie, John, Zanne, Amy E, Chave, Jérôme, Wright, S Joseph, Sheremetiev, Serge N, Jactel, Hervé, Baraloto, Christopher, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Pierce, Simon, Shipley, Bill, Casanoves, Fernando, Joswig, Julia S, Günther, Angela, Falczuk, Valeria, Rüger, Nadja, Mahecha, Miguel D, Gorné, Lucas D, Amiaud, Bernard, Atkin, Owen K, Bahn, Michael, Baldocchi, Dennis, Beckmann, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Brown, Kerry, Burrascano, Sabina, Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Chapin, F Stuart, Choat, Brendan, Coomes, David Anthony, Cornwell, William K, Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Dainese, Matteo, de Araujo, Alessandro Carioca, de Vries, Franciska T, Domingues, Tomas Ferreira, Enquist, Brian J, Fagúndez, Jaime, Fang, Jingyun, Fernández-Méndez, Fernando, Fernandez-Piedade, Maria T, Ford, Henry, Forey, Estelle, Freschet, Gregoire T, Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Green, Walton, Guerin, Greg R, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Harrison, Sandy P, Hattingh, Wesley Neil, He, Tianhua, Hickler, Thomas, Higgins, Steven I, Higuchi, Pedro, Ilic, Jugo, Jackson, Robert B, Jalili, Adel, Jansen, Steven, Koike, Fumito, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan, Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Lamb, Eric G, Laughlin, Daniel C, Leishman, Michelle, Lewis, Simon, Louault, Frédérique, Malhado, Ana CM, Manning, Peter, Meir, Patrick, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Messier, Julie, Miller, Regis, Minden, Vanessa, Molofsky, Jane, and Montgomery, Rebecca

Abstract

Here we provide the 'Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset', containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits -plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass - define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date.

Published
2022

4. Earth stewardship: Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts

Author

Chapin, F Stuart, Weber, Elke U, Bennett, Elena M, Biggs, Reinette, van den Bergh, Jeroen, Adger, W Neil, Crépin, Anne-Sophie, Polasky, Stephen, Folke, Carl, Scheffer, Marten, Segerson, Kathleen, Anderies, John M, Barrett, Scott, Cardenas, Juan-Camilo, Carpenter, Stephen R, Fischer, Joern, Kautsky, Nils, Levin, Simon A, Shogren, Jason F, Walker, Brian, Wilen, James, and de Zeeuw, Aart

Subjects
Political Science, Human Society, Humans, Policy, Anthropocene, Earth stewardship, Institutions, Market economy, Social norms, Transformation, Ecology
Abstract

Transformation toward a sustainable future requires an earth stewardship approach to shift society from its current goal of increasing material wealth to a vision of sustaining built, natural, human, and social capital-equitably distributed across society, within and among nations. Widespread concern about earth's current trajectory and support for actions that would foster more sustainable pathways suggests potential social tipping points in public demand for an earth stewardship vision. Here, we draw on empirical studies and theory to show that movement toward a stewardship vision can be facilitated by changes in either policy incentives or social norms. Our novel contribution is to point out that both norms and incentives must change and can do so interactively. This can be facilitated through leverage points and complementarities across policy areas, based on values, system design, and agency. Potential catalysts include novel democratic institutions and engagement of non-governmental actors, such as businesses, civic leaders, and social movements as agents for redistribution of power. Because no single intervention will transform the world, a key challenge is to align actions to be synergistic, persistent, and scalable.

Published
2022

5. WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies

Author

Sumaila, U Rashid, Skerritt, Daniel J, Schuhbauer, Anna, Villasante, Sebastian, Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M, Sinan, Hussain, Burnside, Duncan, Abdallah, Patrízia Raggi, Abe, Keita, Addo, Kwasi A, Adelsheim, Julia, Adewumi, Ibukun J, Adeyemo, Olanike K, Adger, Neil, Adotey, Joshua, Advani, Sahir, Afrin, Zahidah, Aheto, Denis, Akintola, Shehu L, Akpalu, Wisdom, Alam, Lubna, Alava, Juan José, Allison, Edward H, Amon, Diva J, Anderies, John M, Anderson, Christopher M, Andrews, Evan, Angelini, Ronaldo, Anna, Zuzy, Antweiler, Werner, Arizi, Evans K, Armitage, Derek, Arthur, Robert I, Asare, Noble, Asche, Frank, Asiedu, Berchie, Asuquo, Francis, Badmus, Lanre, Bailey, Megan, Ban, Natalie, Barbier, Edward B, Barley, Shanta, Barnes, Colin, Barrett, Scott, Basurto, Xavier, Belhabib, Dyhia, Bennett, Elena, Bennett, Nathan J, Benzaken, Dominique, Blasiak, Robert, Bohorquez, John J, Bordehore, Cesar, Bornarel, Virginie, Boyd, David R, Breitburg, Denise, Brooks, Cassandra, Brotz, Lucas, Campbell, Donovan, Cannon, Sara, Cao, Ling, Cardenas Campo, Juan C, Carpenter, Steve, Carpenter, Griffin, Carson, Richard T, Carvalho, Adriana R, Castrejón, Mauricio, Caveen, Alex J, Chabi, M Nicole, Chan, Kai MA, Chapin, F Stuart, Charles, Tony, Cheung, William, Christensen, Villy, Chuku, Ernest O, Church, Trevor, Clark, Colin, Clarke, Tayler M, Cojocaru, Andreea L, Copeland, Brian, Crawford, Brian, Crépin, Anne-Sophie, Crowder, Larry B, Cury, Philippe, Cutting, Allison N, Daily, Gretchen C, Da-Rocha, Jose Maria, Das, Abhipsita, de la Puente, Santiago, de Zeeuw, Aart, Deikumah, Savior KS, Deith, Mairin, Dewitte, Boris, Doubleday, Nancy, Duarte, Carlos M, Dulvy, Nicholas K, Eddy, Tyler, Efford, Meaghan, Ehrlich, Paul R, Elsler, Laura G, and Fakoya, Kafayat A

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Published
2021

6. Social dimensions of fertility behavior and consumption patterns in the Anthropocene

Author

Barrett, Scott, Dasgupta, Aisha, Dasgupta, Partha, Adger, W Neil, Anderies, John, van den Bergh, Jeroen, Bledsoe, Caroline, Bongaarts, John, Carpenter, Stephen, Chapin, F Stuart, Crépin, Anne-Sophie, Daily, Gretchen, Ehrlich, Paul, Folke, Carl, Kautsky, Nils, Lambin, Eric F, Levin, Simon A, Mäler, Karl-Göran, Naylor, Rosamond, Nyborg, Karine, Polasky, Stephen, Scheffer, Marten, Shogren, Jason, Jørgensen, Peter Søgaard, Walker, Brian, and Wilen, James

Subjects
Contraception/Reproduction, Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Africa South of the Sahara, Conservation of Natural Resources, Consumer Behavior, Developed Countries, Fertility, Humans, Income, Population Growth, Reproductive Behavior, Social Change, Social Conformity, Sustainable Development, Technology, fertility, consumption, socially embedded preferences
Abstract

We consider two aspects of the human enterprise that profoundly affect the global environment: population and consumption. We show that fertility and consumption behavior harbor a class of externalities that have not been much noted in the literature. Both are driven in part by attitudes and preferences that are not egoistic but socially embedded; that is, each household's decisions are influenced by the decisions made by others. In a famous paper, Garrett Hardin [G. Hardin, Science 162, 1243-1248 (1968)] drew attention to overpopulation and concluded that the solution lay in people "abandoning the freedom to breed." That human attitudes and practices are socially embedded suggests that it is possible for people to reduce their fertility rates and consumption demands without experiencing a loss in wellbeing. We focus on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa and consumption in the rich world and argue that bottom-up social mechanisms rather than top-down government interventions are better placed to bring about those ecologically desirable changes.

Published
2020

7. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome.

Author

Thomas, H, Bjorkman, A, Myers-Smith, I, Elmendorf, S, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, J, Forbes, B, Henry, G, Hollister, R, Normand, S, Prevéy, J, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, W, Beck, P, Georges, D, Goetz, S, Guay, K, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, N, Spasojevic, Marko, Alatalo, J, Alexander, H, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, L, Björk, R, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Collier, L, Cooper, E, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, E, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, M, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, J, Johnstone, J, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, C, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, L, Lantz, T, Lévesque, E, Little, C, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, S, Ninot, J, Oberbauer, S, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, V, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, S, Shetti, R, Speed, J, Suding, K, Tape, K, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, U, Tremblay, M, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, P, Zamin, T, Bahn, M, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, P, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, B, Chapin, F, Craine, J, Dainese, M, Green, W, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, W, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P

Subjects
Climate, Ecosystem, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra
Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

10. From Biocultural Homogenization to Biocultural Conservation: A Conceptual Framework to Reorient Society Toward Sustainability of Life

Author

Rozzi, Ricardo, May, Roy H., Jr., Chapin, F. Stuart, III, Massardo, Francisca, Gavin, Michael C., Klaver, Irene J., Pauchard, Aníbal, Nuñez, Martin A., Simberloff, Daniel, Rozzi, Ricardo, Series Editor, May Jr., Roy H., editor, Chapin III, F. Stuart, editor, Massardo, Francisca, editor, Gavin, Michael C., editor, Klaver, Irene J., editor, Pauchard, Aníbal, editor, Nuñez, Martin A., editor, and Simberloff, Daniel, editor

Published
2018
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12. Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage

Author

Chen, Shiping, Wang, Wantong, Xu, Wenting, Wang, Yang, Wan, Hongwei, Chen, Dima, Tang, Zhiyao, Tang, Xuli, Zhou, Guoyi, Xie, Zongqiang, Zhou, Daowei, Shangguan, Zhouping, Huang, Jianhui, He, Jin-Sheng, Wang, Yanfen, Sheng, Jiandong, Tang, Lisong, Li, Xinrong, Dong, Ming, Wu, Yan, Wang, Qiufeng, Wang, Zhiheng, Wu, Jianguo, Chapin, F. Stuart, and Bai, Yongfei

Published
2018

26. The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function

Author

Grimm, Nancy B, Chapin, F Stuart, Bierwagen, Britta, Gonzalez, Patrick, Groffman, Peter M, Luo, Yiqi, Melton, Forrest, Nadelhoffer, Knute, Pairis, Amber, Raymond, Peter A, Schimel, Josh, and Williamson, Craig E

Subjects
Climate Action, Life on Land, Ecology
Abstract

Recent climate-change research largely confirms the impacts on US ecosystems identified in the 2009 National Climate Assessment and provides greater mechanistic understanding and geographic specificity for those impacts. Pervasive climate-change impacts on ecosystems are those that affect productivity of ecosystems or their ability to process chemical elements. Loss of sea ice, rapid warming, and higher organic inputs affect marine and lake productivity, while combined impacts of wildfire and insect outbreaks decrease forest productivity, mostly in the arid and semi-arid West. Forests in wetter regions are more productive owing to warming. Shifts in species ranges are so extensive that by 2100 they may alter biome composition across 5-20% of US land area. Accelerated losses of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems to receiving waters are caused by both winter warming and intensification of the hydrologic cycle. Ecosystem feedbacks, especially those associated with release of carbon dioxide and methane release from wetlands and thawing permafrost soils, magnify the rate of climate change. © The Ecological Society of America.

Published
2013

29. Building Resilience and Adaptation to Manage Arctic Change

Author

Chapin,, F. Stuart, Hoel, Michael, Carpenter, Steven R., Walker, Brian, Callaghan, Terry V., Folke, Carl, Levin, Simon A., Mäler, Karl-Göran, Nilsson, Christer, Barrett, Scott, Berkes, Fikret, Danell, Kjell, Rosswall, Thomas, Starrett, David, Xepapadeas, Anastasios, and Zimov, Sergey A.

Published
2006

30. Role of Land-Surface Changes in Arctic Summer Warming

Author

Chapin, F. S., Sturm, M., Serreze, M. C., McFadden, J. P., Key, J. R., Lloyd, A. H., McGuire, A. D., Rupp, T. S., Lynch, A. H., Schimel, J. P., Beringer, J., Chapman, W. L., Epstein, H. E., Euskirchen, E. S., Hinzman, L. D., Jia, G., Tape, K. D., Thompson, C. D. C., Walker, D. A., and Welker, J. M.

Published
2005

31. Global Consequences of Land Use

Author

Foley, Jonathan A., DeFries, Ruth, Asner, Gregory P., Barford, Carol, Bonan, Gordon, Carpenter, Stephen R., Chapin, F. Stuart, Coe, Michael T., Daily, Gretchen C., Gibbs, Holly K., Helkowski, Joseph H., Holloway, Tracey, Howard, Erica A., Kucharik, Christopher J., Monfreda, Chad, Patz, Jonathan A., Prentice, I. Colin, Ramankutty, Navin, and Snyder, Peter K.

Published
2005

36. Modeling Sustainability of Arctic Communities: An Interdisciplinary Collaboration of Researchers and Local Knowledge Holders

Author

Kruse, Jack A., White, Robert G., Epstein, Howard E., Archie, Billy, Berman, Matt, Braund, Stephen R., Chapin,, F. Stuart, Charlie,, Johnny, Daniel, Colin J., Eamer, Joan, Flanders, Nick, Griffith, Brad, Haley, Sharman, Huskey, Lee, Joseph, Bernice, Klein, David R., Kofinas, Gary P., Martin, Stephanie M., Murphy, Stephen M., Nebesky, William, Nicolson, Craig, Russell, Don E., Tetlichi, Joe, Tussing, Arlon, Walker, Marilyn D., and Young, Oran R.

Published
2004

44. Perspectives on the scientific legacy of J. Philip Grime

Author

Fridley, Jason D., primary, Liu, Xiaojuan, additional, Pérez‐Harguindeguy, Natalia, additional, Chapin, F. Stuart, additional, Crawley, Mick, additional, De Deyn, Gerlinde, additional, Díaz, Sandra, additional, Grace, James B., additional, Grubb, Peter, additional, Harrison, Susan, additional, Lavorel, Sandra, additional, Liu, Zhimin, additional, Pierce, Simon, additional, Schmid, Bernhard, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Wardle, David A., additional, and Westoby, Mark, additional

Published
2023
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