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An ultrasensitive and specific-selection electrochemical sensor was constructed for Hg2+ detection based on Au nanoparticles and molybdenum selenide (Au NPs@MoSe2) as well as the thymine–Hg2+–thymine (T–Hg2+–T) coordination.

Self-healing materials have attracted widespread attention owing to their capacity to extend the lifetime of materials and improve resource utilization. However, achieving superior mechanical performance and high self-healable capability simultaneously under moderate conditions remains a long-standing challenge. Integrating multiple dynamic interactions in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) systems can overcome the above-mentioned issue. Herein, environmentally friendly WPU systems containing multiple hydrogen bonds and boronic ester bonds in their polymer backbones were synthesized, where 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) and boric acid (BA) served as a dynamic chain extender and reversible cross-linking agent, respectively. The chain structure of the polymer was adjusted by controlling the ratio (DAP/BA) of hard segments, which could effectively meet the requirement of mechanical robustness and desirable self-healable efficiency. Benefiting from multiple dynamic interactions, the prepared WPU elastomer exhibited good mechanical properties, such as tensile strength (from 18.89 MPa to 30.78 MPa), elongation (about 900%) and toughness (from 54.82 MJ m

Cold energy storage technologies with phase change materials (PCMs) have received increasing attention, but there is still a great vacancy for PCMs that can be applied below 0°C due to high supercooling degree of aqueous solution. In this work, the nanosheet dispersion phase change materials (NDPCMs) containing the ethylene glycol (EG) aqueous solution and the modified montmorillonite (MTT) at different mass fractions were prepared, in which the modified MTT prepared by surface modification of zwitterionic surfactant and polymer quaternary ammonium salt under high speed shearing could be steadily dispersed due to the combination of charge and steric effects. And the modified MTT could be used as the nanosheet nucleating agent to effectively suppress the supercooling as well as improve the thermal properties of the PCM. The NDPCM with 0.4 wt% modified MTT had an appropriate phase transition temperature of -5.0°C, higher latent heat of fusion of 189.96 kJ•kg−1, and there was no supercooling in the test of step cooling curves. Moreover, the NDPCM still showed excellent dispersion stability after 50 thermal cycles. These results indicate that the NDPCM has practical application value in cold energy storage.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is widely used as a kind of water treatment membrane material, but its high hydrophobicity leads to easily being polluted by oily wastewater, which limits further development in the field of water treatment. In this paper, a simple and green strategy based on chitosan (CS) and tannic acid (TA) was taken to transform the hydrophobic PVDF membrane into superhydrophilic one. CS possessed excellent capability of antifouling but its surface binding affinity was relatively poor, while TA enjoyed wonderful surface adhesion and certain ability of absorbing water. Herein, combining the advantages of CS and TA, a special partially sacrificial coating was designed. (3-cholropropyl)trimethoxysilane (CTS) was used as a chain connecting the PVDF substrate with CS to form the first coating layer, and then TA was introduced as the second coating layer. Because of the unstable characteristic of CS coating, part of the polluted coating can be washed away by pure water with the contaminants. The modified membrane showed superhydrophilicity (the water contact angle was 17°) and underwater superoleophobicity (the underwater oil contact angle was 158°). Moreover, the initial pure water flux of modified membrane was 8579 L m−2 h−1, which was more than twice than that of pristine membrane (3057 L m−2 h−1). After the membrane was contaminated by toluene emulsion and rinsed thoroughly with pure water, the water flux recovery rate of the modified membrane reached about 98%, meaning the modified membrane possessed excellent anti-fouling and self-recovery ability. Besides, the rejection rate of toluene emulsion was 99.1%, showing the modified membrane could be used to efficiently handle the oil/water separation. During six cycles of being polluted and rinsed, the water flux recovery rate would decrease a little after each cycle, from 98% to 94.3% in the end, which demonstrated that the sacrificial layer did exist. This facile approach has great potential in practical water remediation.

Polymer-modified bentonite and sand mixtures (PMBS) are widely used in the engineering field due to their low cost and low permeability. In this study, different ionic types of polyacrylamides were used to modify bentonite to improve its swelling properties and impermeability. The physicochemical properties of polymer-modified bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, IR spectroscopy, SEM, and free swell index (FSI) to further demonstrate the successful organic modification of bentonite. To investigate the impermeability mechanism of PMBS from the perspective of osmotic pressure, the colloidal osmotic pressure of bentonite and hydraulic conductivity were compared. The results showed that anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) had the most obvious improvement on the swelling properties of bentonite, and 3% APAM increased the FSI of bentonite from 15 mL/2 g to 41 mL/2 g. With the increase in polymer dosage, the colloidal osmotic pressure of bentonite increased and the hydraulic conductivity of PMBS decreased significantly. The interior of PMBS is equivalent to a highly concentrated bentonite–sand–water system. When the colloidal osmotic pressure in the restricted space is higher than the external hydraulic pressure, it will prevent infiltration from occurring. When the external hydraulic pressure exceeds the high concentration of bentonite colloid osmotic pressure, the hydraulic conductivity may increase rapidly. Therefore, the impermeability of PMBS depends on the colloidal osmotic pressure of bentonite. Finally, it was confirmed that PMBS had a self-healing capacity by simulating damage to PMBS.

A novel sandwich-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay was fabricated using the CEA aptamer, Au/BiVO4 and CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs). In virtue of the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Au nanoparticles, Au/BiVO4 showed an effective utilization of visible light and excellent photoactivity, and was employed as the photoanode. After CdS QDs were conjugated to Au/BiVO4 through the sandwich structure based on the hybridization of the CEA aptamer with two partially complementary single-stranded DNA molecules, the photocurrents were further enhanced by a resonance energy transfer between CdS QDs and Au nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the consumption of the photo-induced holes by ascorbic acid could also retard the combination of the electron–hole pairs and cause an increase of the photocurrents. However, the specific recognition of CEA by the CEA aptamer could destroy the sandwich structure and remarkably weaken the photocurrent response. Thus, the quantitative detection of CEA was connected with the decrease of the photocurrent. Benefitting from the above methods for signal enhancement, the PEC aptasensor showed a wide sensing range of 0.0001–10 ng mL−1 and a low detection limit of 0.047 pg mL−1 for CEA detection. The specificity, stability and recoveries of the PEC aptasensor were also excellent. Therefore, the construction of the present PEC aptasensor provides a universal and practical method for sensing other substances.

Herein, two nanoparticles with different dimensions, spherical carbon dots (C-dots) and sheetlike hectorite clay, were used as physical crosslinkers to fabricate C-dots-clay-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocomposite hydrogels (coded as C-dots-clay-PNIPAm hydrogels). The mechanical properties, fluorescence features and thermal-responsive properties of the C-dots-clay-PNIPAm hydrogels were evaluated. The experimental results indicate that synergistic effects of C-dots and hectorite clay nanoparticles are able to significantly enhance mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The hydrogels can be stretched up to 1730% with strength as high as 250 kPa when the C-dots concentration is 0.1wt% and the clay concentration is 6wt%. The hydrogels exhibit complete self-healing through autonomic reconstruction of crosslinked network a damaged interface. The hydrogels show favorable thermal-responsive properties with the volume phase transition around 34 °C. In addition, the hydrogels are endowed with fluorescence features that are associated with C-dots in the hydrogels. It can be expected that the as-fabricated C-dots-clay-PNIPAm hydrogels are promising for applications in sensors, biomedical carriers and tissue engineering.

A series of Bi5O7I/MIL-53(Fe) (BOI/MIL-w) composites were successfully prepared by a facile in-situ solvothermal approach. The matched energy bands enabled Bi5O7I and MIL-53(Fe) to form a Z-scheme heterojunction which resulted in an efficient separation of the photo-induced electron–hole pairs. The photocatalytic activity of BOI/MIL-w was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in water under the visible light irradiation. Compared with Bi5O7I, photocatalytic performances of BOI/MIL-w notably boosted. When the content of added MIL-53(Fe) was 3 wt%, BOI/MIL-3 presented the highest activity with a degradation efficiency of 99.7% only after 60 min of irradiation. The reaction rate constant k could reach 0.0992 min−1 which was nearly 12.6 times as high as that of Bi5O7I. Moreover, BOI/MIL-w had a good stability and reusability, which could ensure its practical application. Trapping experiments confirmed that h+ and ·O2− were the dominant active species during the photocatalytic process, and further demonstrated the formation of the Z-scheme heterojunction facilitated the photocatalytic performance of BOI/MIL-w.

Organogel adsorbents are widely used for the adsorption of hard-to-degrade organic pollutants in wastewater due to their natural affinity to the organic phase in water. In this study, phenolic xerogels (PF) synthesised in the ethylene glycol inorganic acid system are used as a backbone and superhydrophobic phenolic xerogels (ASO-PF) are obtained by grafting aminosilanes onto the PF backbone via the Mannich reaction. The modified ASO-PF not only retains the pore structure of the original PF (up to 90% porosity), but also has excellent superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle up to 153°). Owing to the unique pore structure, ASO-PF has excellent compression properties, cycling 50% compression deformation more than 10 times without being damaged, with a maximum compression deformation of up to 80%. A squeeze–suction–squeeze approach is proposed for selective adsorption of organic pollutants in homogeneous solutions based on the recyclable compression properties of ASO-PF. The ASO-PF is put under negative pressure by squeezing, and when the pressure is released, the adsorbed liquid enters the ASO-PF, where the organic pollutants are retained by the adsorption sites in the skeleton, and then the remaining water is discharged by squeezing. This breathing ASO-PF holds great promise for organic pollutant adsorption and recovery applications.

The synthesis of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly challenging. And apart from the intrinsic activity, the structure of the electrocatalysts also plays a vital role in the highly efficient catalysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, the H2 bubbling-assisted electroplating method was employed to construct a coralline-like structure of Cu on the copper plate. And then, cobalt phosphide (CoP3) was successfully electrodeposited on the structure to form a CoP3@Cu/Cu electrode. Benefitting from this unique structure, the optimized CoP3@Cu/Cu exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the HER with Tafel slopes of 44 and 82 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH electrolytes, respectively. To reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, an overpotential of 101 and 92 mV was required for the HER under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. Moreover, the CoP3@Cu/Cu electrode exhibited a long-term stability for the HER, indicating a promising prospect in the application.

A novel method was presented to create composite micelles of amphiphilic copolymers and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in a three-dimensional co-flow focusing microfluidic device (3D CFMD). Self-assembly of the copolymers was initiated by the fast mixing of water and a blend dispersion of hydrophobic Ag NPs and amphiphilic copolymers. At the same time, the hydrophobic Ag NPs enter the core of copolymer micelles, based on the hydrophobic interaction. The copolymer-Ag NPs composite micelles have a core-shell structure with copolymer shell and Ag NPs core. COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate the concentration distribution of copolymers and Ag NPs under different flow rates. Co-assembly microfluidic conditions are determined based on simulation results. Under suitable microfluidic conditions, both block copolymers and gradient copolymers can co-assemble with hydrophobic Ag NPs to form composite micelles, respectively. This microfluidic coassembly method will have a good prospect in the preparation of composite micelles of amphiphilic copolymers and metal nanoparticles.

Membrane technology has received wide attention as it plays an important role in water treatment process. However, membrane fouling results in a decrease in water permeation flux and separation effect, which lead to degraded membrane lifespan. A facile and novel strategy to form a multifunctional modified coating on the membrane surface by using the one-step assembly coating on the basis of tannin acid had been reported in this work. Tannin acid is a plant-derived polyphenolic substance that is hydrophilic and bactericidal. As a common nonionic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has a hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding with TA and is beneficial to improve the hydrophilicity and antifouling performance of the substrate. However, the benefits of coating on the membrane have been limited due to the strong complexing ability of TA and PVP in aqueous solution. Herein, 50% N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) aqueous solution were found that promoted the co-deposition of TA and PVP on the surface of the membrane. The catechol-rich polyphenol coating provides versatile properties on the membrane surface, including ultra-high pure water flux, high antifouling properties, recyclability, and a certain degree of antimicrobial performance. Moreover, the TA-PVP coating imparts a binding site for binding metal ions that allows it to capture metal ions through complexation and immobilization on the coating. The modified membranes showed more significant antifouling performance after iron ions have been complexed, and showed stronger bactericidal activity after silver ions have been complexed.

Porous cobalt oxides/carbon foam hybrid materials (CoOx/C) was prepared by a solvothermal method. Owing to the heredity of the interconnected hierarchical porous structure from the carbon foam, the obtained CoOx/C composites had a larger specific surface area and a wider pore size distribution than CoOx, which facilitated the electron and ion transport. Benefiting from the synergistic contribution of CoOx nanoparticles and the porous carbon foam, CoOx/C possessed an excellent supercapacitive performance. When the mass percentage of the carbon foam was 10%, the CoOx/C composite (CoOx/C-10) exhibited a high specific capacity (115 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), an excellent rate capability (73 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and a good cycling stability (86% after 6000 cycles at 1 A g−1). Meanwhile, an asymmetric device (CoOx/C-10//carbon foam) delivered a maximum energy density of 14 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 9056 W kg−1 as well as excellent cyclic lifetime (87% after 7000 cycles at 1 A g−1). In consideration of the excellent supercapacitive performance, the low cost and the facile preparation, CoOx/C-m is a promising electrode material for the supercapacitors.

A novel heterostructure photocatalysts, Ag-doped Bi5O7I composites (Ag/Bi5O7I), were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Compared with Bi5O7I, Ag/Bi5O7I composites had a stronger light absorption in the visible and near-infrared region and the light absorption edge of Ag/Bi5O7I composites had a slight red shift. Moreover, Ag/Bi5O7I composites possessed a higher photocatalytic activity than Bi5O7I on the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). When the content of Ag was 1%, the degradation efficiency of the Ag/Bi5O7I composites toward RhB and MO reached the maximum value, which was about 20.2 and 7.6 times higher than that of Bi5O7I, respectively. The trapping experiments shown that superoxide radicals and holes were the main active species in the photodegradation process. The excellent photocatalytic performance could be attributed to Ag/Bi5O7I heterojunction and surface plasma resonance effect of Ag, which could increase absorption of visible light and cause the efficient separation and migration of carriers.

Ester exchange glycolysis of flexible polyurethane foam (PU) usually results in split-phase products, and the recovered polyether polyols are obtained after separation and purification, which can easily cause secondary pollution and redundancy. In this paper, we propose a green recycling process for the degradation of waste polyurethane foam by triblock polyether, and the degradation product can be used directly as a whole. The polyurethane foam can be completely degraded at a minimum mass ratio of 1.5:1. The secondary full utilization of the degradation product as a whole was directly synthesized into recycled polyurethane foam, and the compression cycle test proved that the excess glycolysis agent had less effect on the resilience of the recycled foam. The hydrophobic modification of the recycled foam was carried out, and the oil absorption performance of the recycled foam before and after the hydrophobic modification was compared. The oil absorption capacity for diesel oil ranged from 4.3 to 6.7, while the oil absorption performance of the hydrophobic modified recycled foam was significantly improved and had excellent reusability (absorption–desorption oil processes can be repeated at least 25 times). This economical and green process has large-scale application prospects, and the hydrophobic recycling foam can be applied to the field of oil and water separation.

Graphene oxide (GO) have been reported as adsorbent materials, because its surface contains a large number of oxygen-containing groups, which provide masses of active sites. Nevertheless, it is difficult to separate GO from aqueous solution by conventional means after the end of the adsorption process. Therefore, ethylene diamine-reduced graphene oxide/anionic polyacrylamide (E-RGO/APAM), with a large quantity of adsorption sites and strong flocculation was prepared in this study. The composite E-RGO/APAM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), laser Raman spectrometer (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained results indicated that amino groups were successfully introduced into GO. Particle size test showed that the particle size of E-RGO/APAM is up to three micrometers, which can be separated from the water by conventional means, such as filtration and centrifugation, to avoid secondary pollution. The efficiency of E-RGO/APAM for removing Pb(II) was tested. The results showed that the process of adsorption of Pb(II) by E-RGO/APAM can be fitted by pseudo second order kinetic equation, indicating that the adsorption rate of the adsorbent depends on the chemisorption process, and the theoretical maximum adsorption amount of E-RGO/APAM is 400.8 mg/g. Based on these results, it can be stated that E-RGO/APAM is effective in the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, and provides a new method for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater.

A commercial PVDF Microfiltration (MF) membrane was surface modified via a simple coating method for improvement of the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling performance. Herein, trace amounts of tannin acid (TA) and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) were firstly used with (3-Chloropropyl)trimethoxysilan (CTS) to endow the PVDF membranes with hydrophilicity. The physicochemical property of the modified membranes was characterized by SEM, AFM, ATR-FTIR and XPS respectively, and a series of tests including water contact angle (WCA), underwater oil contact angle (OCA), pure water flux (PWF), anti-fouling experiments and so on were utilized to inspect the modified effect. Benefiting from the interactions among CTS, PEI and TA, several coating layers formed on the surface of the membranes and remarkable hydrophilicity with water contact angle of 16° was obtained, moreover, the pure water flux of this composite membranes could reach 10,782 L/m2·h.

A novel quaternized-chitosan-modified reduced graphene oxide (HACC-RGO) combined the adsorption advantages of RGO and 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC). The adsorption property of HACC-RGO sheets for methyl orange (MO) was demonstrated and compared with RGO and HACC. The removal ratios of HACC-RGO sheets reached 92.6% for MO after a 24 h adsorption. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were investigated to indicate that the kinetics and equilibrium adsorptions were well-described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Moreover, monodisperse HACC-RGO/CS beads were fabricated by the microfluidic method. The adsorption and desorption of HACC-RGO/CS beads for MO were studied. After three adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity remained above 55% and the desorption capacity was not below 70%. The HACC-RGO/CS beads can be reused and have great potential applications in removing organic dyes from polluted water.

Carbon coated nickel - nickel oxide composites (Ni/NiO@C/GR-t-w) was synthesized from the direct carbonization of the composites composed of Ni-MOF-74 and graphene oxide (GO). Due to the synergetic effects of Ni, NiO and graphene, Ni/NiO@C/GR-t-w all exhibited the electrocatalytic performance to HER in acidic medium. When the GO content was 8% and the carbonization temperature was 900 °C, the composites (Ni/NiO@C/GR-900-8) showed the best electrocatalytic properties with an lower overpotential of 108 mV (vs. RHE) at 10 mA cm−2, a smaller Tafel slope of 44 mV dec−1 and a good stability in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The excellent electrocatalytic performance enabled Ni/NiO@C/GR composites to be a favorable HER catalyst to replace the expensive Pt-based materials in the applications of the hydrogen production.

Oil-water emulsion is a stable and complex system, which is harmful to our life if not treated properly. Membrane technology is an effective method to treat oily wastewater. In this work, composite modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane with a hydrophilic layer concluding hydroxyl groups and polyether structure is rationally fabricated via grafting methoxypolyethylene glycol (MPEG) and lactobionic acid (LA) simultaneously. Compared with membranes modified by a single MPEG or LA, the optimal composite membrane possesses excellent hydrophilicity(water contact angle of 0°), underwater hydrophobicity (underwater oil contact angle of 159°), and anti-fouling. Due to the polyether structure of MPEG, the composite membrane exhibited emulsion breaking ability and can be used for effective separation of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by different surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween-80 and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)). In addition, the composite MPEG-LA layer exhibited good stability, proving that the modified membrane can be used in real harsh environments. The modified strategy is a good solution for construction of functionalized membrane for practical oil/water separation.

Graphene has attracted great interest due to its extensive applications in optoelectronic and electronic circuits and devices. However, reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene is a process in which hydrophilic GO converts to hydrophobic graphene. Very little is known about the aggregation of graphene and the cause of performance degradation by general chemical reduction methods as the single reaction medium presents difficulty in satisfying the good dispersion of hydrophilic GO and hydrophobic graphene simultaneously. In this paper, we report a mixed medium of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (7) ether (OP-7) and 2-methoxyethanol (EGM) for the preparation of graphene. The strong polar nature of EGM provides a good dispersion environment for GO, while the π–π interaction between the π-electrons in nonionic surfactant OP-7 aromatic ring structure and the π-electrons in graphene make the hydrophobic graphene well dispersed and prevent aggregation. Moreover, the reduction temperature is not high and the reduction time is short. The electrical conductivity of graphene without high-temperature treatment reached 14 000 S m−1. We have found the potential reduction mechanism of graphene and fundamentally solved the problem of aggregation. Our findings make it possible to process graphene materials using low-cost mixed medium processing techniques, providing a valuable reference for the large-scale preparation of graphene.

A simple and green method was introduced to fabricate the electrochemical sensor based on the electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) modified electrode. It was found that the ERGO modified electrode exhibited an excellent catalytic activity toward the oxidation of dihydroxybenzenes isomers. Under the optimum conditions, in the simultaneous determination of the dihydroxybenzene isomers, the currents were linear with the concentrations of the isomers from 5 to 550 μmol/L for hydroquinone (HQ), from 6 to 400 μmol/L for catechol (CT) and from 5 to 350 μmol/L for resorcinol (RS), respectively. In addition, the proposed sensor has good stability and reproducibility. The developed method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in real samples with a satisfactory recovery from 98% to 103%.

A composite (MOF-GO) of Cu-based MOF-199 (MOF) and graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the solvothermal method and used as the modified material to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the determination of catechol (CT) and hydroquinone (HQ). The modification was carried out through the electrodeposition of MOF-GO composites on the glassy carbon electrode and the transformation of MOF-GO to MOF-ERGO by an electrochemical reduction. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed for exploring the electrochemical properties of the as-prepared electrode and the oxidation of CT and HQ at the modified electrode. Under the optimized experimental condition, the linear calibration curve was obtained in the range from 0.1 μM to 566 μM for CT ( R 2 = 0.997) and 0.1 μM to 476 μM for HQ ( R 2 = 0.999) with the same low detection limit of 0.1 μM ( S / N = 3). The experimental results showed that the modified electrode was easily fabricated in control and exhibited the outstanding stability. The validity for practical samples detection of CT and HQ was also demonstrated with satisfactory results.

Hierarchical porous carbon materials were prepared using a facile and low-cost method from phenolic resin and carboxyl graphene oxide by foaming and carbonization. Structural characterization revealed that the prepared materials consisted of macropores, mesopores and micropores from the foaming process, decomposition of the ester groups and carbonization of the polymer, respectively. Due to the advantages of a rational-distribution of porous structures and the excellent electrical conductivity, the best specific capacitance of the porous carbon materials could reach up to 272.6 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and exhibited an excellent cycle life with 92.31% specific capacitance retained after 10 000 cycles in KOH electrolyte. The symmetric supercapacitor based on the prepared material also exhibited a high energy density (15.20 W h kg−1) and power density (10.11 kW kg−1), indicating a promising electrode material for real energy storage in supercapacitors.