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This study aims at proposing a public-private partnership project including the government (GOVT), coal-fired power plant (CTPP) and solar photovoltaic power plant (PVPP) toward carbon emission reduction and neutralization in China. The project is formed using the CO2capture and utilization (CCU) and solar PV hydrogen production technologies. When all the participators cooperate, the influence of typical factors on the project is evaluated using the evolutionary game theory method. The results show that increasing the CCU subsidy can strengthen the participating intention of the CTPP but will reduce that of the GOVT. Improving the green electricity subsidy can strengthen the participating intention of the PVPP but will decrease that of the GOVT. To ensure the smooth running of the project, a relatively higher carbon emission penalty and a higher sales price of methanol should be ensured, the PVPP should control its daily working hours appropriately, and the proportion of electricity quantity of the PVPP used for hydrogen production should be increased. In this study, the suggested ranges of CCU and green electricity subsidy coefficients are 0.03–0.05 $/kWh and 0.0035–0.0045 $/kWh, the carbon emission penalty coefficient should be greater than 11 $/t, and the suggested range of daily working hours of the PVPP is 7–8 h.

The evolutionary game theory method has been widely used in the research works about different kinds of energy utilization fields, especially the clean energy utilizations which can facilitate the sustainable energy development. This paper presents a research review of the evolutionary game theory (EGT)-based studies on different energy-related aspects, including the traditional energy utilizations, energy saving and carbon emission reduction, new energy utilizations, new energy vehicles, electric power market, distributed energy systems, micro-grid, smart grid and energy storage. Typical research works based on the evolutionary game theory method and relevant algorithms are introduced and summarized. To promote the sustainable developments of energy utilization technologies as well as the usage of evolutionary game theory method, typical existing problems and several general recommendations about the further EGT-based research works are also proposed. The potential further works based on the evolutionary game theory approach may include the EGT-based studies considering more complex initial conditions and influential factors, verifications of the applicabilities and feasibilities of the evolutionary game theory method based on practical examples, research works with evolutionary game models consisting of more participants, and research and development (R&D) works of new EGT-based or hybrid algorithms.