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Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) progression is one of the commonest cause of female cancer death. While treatments in clinic includes primary surgery and targeted chemotherapy, curative and survival trends in OC have not significantly improved. Thus, further investigation of the mechanisms regarding OC carcinogenesis and discovery of novel targets is of great importance. Methods Human ovarian tissue specimens, RNA sequencing, GEPIA database and bioinformatics analyses were used to analyze the gene correlation, and to identify and validate potential downstream candidates. The biological effects of GPR137-RAB8A-Hedgehog(HH) were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models and methods including qRT-PCR, RNA stability assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, GLI-luciferase reporter assay, nucleo-cytoplasmic separation assay, membrane-cytoplasmic separation assay, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing assay, matrigel invasion assay, colony formation assay, xenografts assay, in situ transplantation tumor model of ovarian cancer in nude mice, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results GPR137 expression was significantly higher in collected clinical OC tissues, compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Consistently, suppression of GPR137 inhibited human SK-OV-3 and A2780 OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation, whereas overexpression of GPR137 in human OC HO8910 cell exerted the opposite effects on cell biological behaviors. Mechanistically, RAB8A was identified as a downstream target of GPR137, and GPR137 promotes RAB8A expression by promoting RAB8A mRNA stability. By RNA-sequencing and experiments in vitro using multiple ovarian cancer cell models as well as in vivo using subcutaneous xenografts assay and in situ transplantation ovarian cancer model in nude mice, we further demonstrated that RAB8A positively mediated OC progression through activating HH signaling pathway by disassociating the protein–protein complex formation of GLI and SuFu (Suppressor of Fused), which reciprocally enhanced GPR137 activity, forming a regulation loop between HH signaling and GPR137. Conclusions Collectively, this study depicts the role of GPR137-RAB8A-HH cascade in the development of OC, deepening our understanding of tumor biomechanics regarding OC progression and providing novel targets for OC therapy in future.

Abstract Seepage experiences were conducted on coal samples with diverse levels of moisture content, gas pressure, and effective stress to investigate how gas seepage in a coal seam is affected by the interaction of gas, water, and stress. The results of the study revealed the intricate relationship between these factors and their impact on the permeability and seepage behavior of coal. The findings indicate that, with increasing gas pressure, the permeability of coal specimens containing different levels of moisture varies distinctly. When coal samples have low moisture content, their permeability displays a pattern of “increase - decrease - increase” as gas pressure increases. However, with the further increase of moisture content, the “increase-decrease” trend of permeability with the increase of gas pressure disappears. The relationship between permeability and effective stress can be modeled using either a quadratic or logarithmic function. On the other hand, the connection between permeability and moisture content, can be represented by a quadratic or exponential function. At low levels of moisture content, gas pressure has the most pronounced effect on permeability of coal samples, followed by moisture content and effective stress. Conversely, at high levels of moisture content, the most influential factor is moisture content, followed by gas pressure and effective stress. Finally, a model of permeability has been developed that takes into account the collective impacts of gas pressure, moisture content, and effective stress. The research outcomes can establish a basis for optimizing gas recovery from coal seams.

Abstract CXXC type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) is a member of the ZF-CXXC family and plays a pivotal role in signal integration and information transfer within cell signaling network. CXXC5 acts as a regulator in various physiological processes, and abnormalities in its protein structure or function have been linked to multiple pathological processes. In this article, we correspondingly describe the composition of the ZF-CXXC family, emphatically introducing the features of the CXXC5 gene and protein, review the role of CXXC5 in cellular signaling networks, the physiological and pathological processes associated with CXXC5 dysregulation, and particularly focus on the correlation between CXXC5 and cancers. Finally, we summarize the current therapies targeting CXXC5 and their potential applications, and discuss the intriguing findings from current studies, and the opportunities and challenges in future. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Nano‐modified electrical insulating fluids are a promising new family of insulating oils with enhanced characteristics. They can significantly improve many properties, such as fire point, breakdown voltage, partial discharge inception voltage and thermal conductivity etc. However, nanoparticles have raised concerns about the possible harm to human health and the ecosystems, but the environmental impact of nano‐modified insulating oils is far more complicated than that. Following the recent research results on the stability of nano‐modified particles, the authors introduce environmental aspects that have not attracted attention so far, such as the possible loss of stability of the insulating oil, mechanical erosion problems in parts of the electrical transformer and problems in recycling processes that may turn waste nano‐modified insulating oils into an unwanted feed stock for recycling industries. An improved method for the environmental risk assessment (RA) of nano‐modified insulating oils, based on an existing model for the RA of nanoparticles, is proposed. The authors reflect the complicated nature of the nanoliquids, mainly due to the stability of the element, which seems to have a paramount role on their environmental impact and is neglected by the current approach in RA.

Abstract Urban rail transit systems, represented by subways, have significantly alleviated the traffic pressure brought by urbanization and have addressed issues such as traffic congestion. However, as a commonly used construction method for subway tunnels, shield tunneling inevitably disturbs the surrounding soil, leading to uneven ground surface settlement, which can impact the safety of nearby buildings. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly obtain and predict the ground surface settlement induced by shield tunneling construction to enable safety warnings and evaluations. This study collects multi-point surface settlement data from monitoring sections and proposes a data preprocessing method based on tangent circles to transform discrete monitored data into continuous and smooth data. On this basis, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize a Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN) for the subsequent prediction of ground surface settlement. The influence of network structure and prediction mode on prediction accuracy is investigated. The study predicts and verifies the settlement over a 5-day period during both the slow settlement stage and the stable stage to evaluate the predictive performance of the proposed method. The maximum relative error of the prediction based on the data preprocessing method and PSO-BP algorithm is 0.46%, demonstrating a good fitting effect. The study indicates that this method can provide a valuable reference for safety warnings and control of ground surface settlement during shield tunneling construction.

Abstract Background Patients with L4–S1 lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) with osteoporosis are prone to sacral-screw loosening during spinal internal fixation. We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and imaging results of sacral bicortical, tricortical, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-augmented pedicle-screw fixation in the treatment of L4–S1 LDD with osteoporosis. Methods This is a retrospective study, 72 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the S1-screw fixation method: PMMA-augmented pedicle-screw fixation (Group A, n = 26), bicortical fixation (Group B, n = 22), and tricortical fixation (Group C, n = 24). The visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded preoperatively and at the last follow-up, and the postoperative complications, screw-loosening rate, and fusion rate were compared between the three groups. Results Upon the last follow-up, the VAS and ODI scores of the three groups were significantly improved compared with those recorded preoperatively. The VAS and ODI scores of Group A were significantly smaller than those of Groups B and C (P

Objective: To investigate the differences in metabolites of Chinese nectarine, peento, yellow peach, Yangshan honey peach and Xinyi honey peach by using non-target metabolomics. Methods: 250 Fresh peaches of comparable maturity were used as test materials, and the fresh peach pulp was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), and the metabolites of different varieties of fresh peaches were investigated by principal component analysis and metabolite variability analysis. Results: A total of 74 metabolites were detected, mainly phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, anthocyanins, amino acids, glycosides, iridoid glycosides, B vitamins, etc. PCA analysis revealed that compared with the other 4 fresh peaches, Yangshan honey peach had higher contents of 7-hydroxycoumarin, pinocembrin, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, epicatechin, procyanidin A2, cryptochlorogenic acid, plantagoside, procyanidin B2, and lower levels of vitamin B2, kaempferol, rutin. Based on OPLS-DA analysis, 4 fresh peaches were screened for differential metabolites with Yangshan honey peach respectively. Nectarine had 18 species of procyanidin B3 and other metabolites, peento had 12 species of procyanidin B2 and other metabolites, yellow peach had 18 species of procyanidin A2 and other metabolites, and Xinyi honey peach had 15 species of procyanidin C1 and other metabolites, which could be used as a potential biomarker to differentiate between Yangshan honey peach and the other 4 fresh peaches. In this study, the differential metabolites of the 5 fresh peaches were mainly plant polyphenolic compounds, and chlorogenic acid and procyanidin metabolites were high in Yangshan honey peach, which were the key differential metabolites. Conclusion: The non-target metabolomics technology can effectively distinguish the five fresh peaches, which is feasible for the identification of fresh peaches, and can be used to assist the qualitative identification of fresh peaches and deep-processed fresh peaches as an important basis for the identification of true and false Yangshan honey peaches, and it is of great significance to protect the development of Yangshan honey peach speciality industry.

Abstract Brontispa longissima is a highly destructive pest that affects coconut and ornamental palm plants. It is widely distributed across Southeast and East Asia and the Pacific region, causing production losses of up to 50–70%. While control methods and ecological phenomena have been the primary focus of research, there is a significant lack of studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying these ecological phenomena. The absence of a reference genome has also hindered the development of new molecular-targeted control technologies. In this study, we conducted a karyotype analysis of B. longissima and assembled the first high-quality chromosome-level genome. The assembled genome is 582.24 Mb in size, with a scaffold N50 size of 63.81 Mb, consisting of 10 chromosomes and a GC content of 33.71%. The BUSCO assessment indicated a completeness estimate of 98.1%. A total of 23,051 protein-coding genes were predicted. Our study provides a valuable genomic resource for understanding the mechanisms of adaptive evolution and facilitates the development of new molecular-targeted control methods for B. longissima.

Abstract Background Osteoporosis results from decreased bone mass and disturbed bone structure. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) demonstrate robust osteogenic differentiation, a critical process for bone formation. This research was designed to examine the functions of LINC01133 in osteogenic differentiation. Methods Differentially expressed lncRNAs affecting osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs were identified from the GEO database. A total of 74 osteoporosis patients and 70 controls were enrolled. hBMSCs were stimulated to undergo osteogenic differentiation using an osteogenic differentiation medium (OM). RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate LINC01133 levels and osteogenesis-related genes such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, and RUNX2. An alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity assay was conducted to assess osteogenic differentiation. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were employed to investigate the association between miR-214-3p and LINC01133 or CTNNB1. Loss or gain of function assays were conducted to elucidate the impact of LINC01133 and miR-214-3p on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Results LINC01133 and CTNNB1 expression decreased in osteoporotic patients but increased in OM-cultured hBMSCs, whereas miR-214-3p showed an opposite trend. Depletion of LINC01133 suppressed the expression of genes associated with bone formation and ALP activity triggered by OM in hBMSCs, leading to increased cell apoptosis. Nevertheless, this suppression was partially counteracted by the reduced miR-214-3p levels. Mechanistically, LINC01133 and CTNNB1 were identified as direct targets of miR-214-3p. Conclusions Our study highlights the role of LINC01133 in positively regulating CTNNB1 expression by inhibiting miR-214-3p, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. These findings may provide valuable insights into bone regeneration in osteoporosis.

Abstract Background Echocardiography-based ultrasomics analysis aids Kawasaki disease (KD) diagnosis but its role in predicting coronary artery lesions (CALs) progression remains unknown. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model combining echocardiogram-based ultrasomics with clinical parameters for CALs progression in KD. Methods Total 371 KD patients with CALs at baseline were enrolled from a retrospective cohort (cohort 1, n = 316) and a prospective cohort (cohort 2, n = 55). CALs progression was defined by increased Z scores in any coronary artery branch at the 1-month follow-up. Patients in cohort 1 were split randomly into training and validation set 1 at the ratio of 6:4, while cohort 2 comprised validation set 2. Clinical parameters and ultrasomics features at baseline were analyzed and selected for models construction. Model performance was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) in the training and two validation sets. Results At the 1-month follow-ups, 65 patients presented with CALs progression. Three clinical parameters and six ultrasomics features were selected to construct the model. The clinical-ultrasomics model exhibited a good predictive capability in the training, validation set 1 and set 2, achieving AUROCs of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75–0.90), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74–0.94), and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.40–0.86), respectively. Moreover, the AUPRC values and DCA of three model demonstrated that the clinical-ultrasomics model consistently outperformed both the clinical model and the ultrasomics model across all three sets, including the training set and the two validation sets. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the effective predictive capacity of a prediction model combining echocardiogram-based ultrasomics features and clinical parameters in predicting CALs progression in KD.

[Introduction] In order to achieve the strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", it is imperative for the transportation industry to transition towards greening and low-carbon development. The integration of transportation and energy is one of the important technological paths to achieve the strategic goal in the transportation sector, and the investment decision-making model and business model enhance the momentum of the development of the transportation and energy integration.[Method] Therefore, this paper analyzed the composition of investment estimation and decision-making points, proposed economic evaluation indexes and environmental benefit indexes, constructed an investment decision-making model, and explored the business model of transportation and energy integration in terms of the development path, framework, and the conception of typical scenes.[Result] By analyzing the investment feasibility of typical projects of transportation and energy integration, the validity of the transportation and energy integration investment model presented in this paper is verified. Based on the classification of regions according to China's solar resource conditions, the promotion of China's transportation and energy integration model is divided into three types: single-industry integration promotion region, multi-industry integration promotion region, and industry cluster integration promotion region. The development of the business model of transportation and energy integration is divided into three stages of cultivation, upgrading and innovation, and the market positioning, investment and financing subjects and methods, operation methods and profit mechanism of different stages are analyzed, so as to summarize and form the typical scenarios of the business model at different stages, and to realize the continuous upgrading of the business model.[Conclusion] The investment decision-making model for transportation and energy integration proposed in this paper helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of investors' decision-making, and the business model helps to promote the market-oriented development of transportation and energy integration.

Multi-material additive manufacturing holds immense potential for performance and functionality enhancement. Past research efforts primarily focused on the horizontal interface (perpendicular to the sample build direction) during the laser-powder bed fusion (LPBF) of multi-materials, whereas a few studies demonstrated that the vertical interface (parallel to the sample build direction) is in fact the main obstacle towards high-integrity multi-material fabrication in a three-dimensional space. In this work, facilitated by our own patented powder spreading device, we explored the mechanisms behind defect formation along both the horizontal and vertical interfaces during the LPBF production of 316L stainless steel and K220 copper multi-materials. High-fidelity fluid dynamics simulations were also conducted to rationalise the experimental observations. A practical process parameter optimisation approach is also proposed at the end, with the aim of mitigating those large defects currently occurring near the vertical interface.

Abstract To facilitate resource utilization of waste tires (WT) and oily sludge (OS), waste tire-sludge adsorbent (WTSA) was developed using co-pyrolysis technology, and its effectiveness in adsorbing crude oil was investigated. The study revealed that the optimal preparation conditions for WTSA included a 1.5:1 mass ratio of WT to OS, a co-pyrolysis temperature of 600 ℃, a co-pyrolysis holding time of 2 hours, and a co-pyrolysis heating rate of 15 ℃/min. The surface of WTSA exhibited numerous pores and cracks with varying shapes and sizes. The dominant pore structures were found to be mesopores and macropores. The carbon content of WTSA was measured to be 89.95%. Moreover, the BET specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size were determined to be 686.81 m2/g, 0.74 cm3/g, and 5.91 nm, respectively. In the crude oil adsorption test, WTSA demonstrated a comparable adsorption capacity to activated carbon (AC), but with a more attractive initial adsorption rate. Furthermore, thermal regeneration treatment was found to significantly enhance the lipophilic properties of WTSA, leading to an increase in its initial adsorption rate. The adsorption capacity of regenerated WTSA was also found to be relatively stable, making it an ideal solution for emergency crude oil spill cleanups. Compared to AC, WTSA can be recycled and reused multiple times, making it a more sustainable and cost-effective option.

Abstract The optimal discrete element model and bonding parameters that match the structural features of cornstalks during harvest were obtained. Based on the differences in mechanical properties of the stem bark and stem pith in the inter-nodal cornstalk, the biomechanical-specific parameters were measured using the compression, shear, and bending tests. The bonded particle models of stem bark and stem pith were constructed using fraction particles with radii of 1 mm and 1.47 mm, which were further bound to form a bilayer-bonded particle model of the cornstalk. The Plackett–Burman, steepest ascent, and response surface tests were conducted to identify the factors and their optimal values that significantly impacted the stem bark-stem bark, stem pith-stem pith, and stem bark-stem pith bonding parameters. The cornstalk’s shear and bending mechanical properties were assessed to verify the overall characteristic parameters. The findings revealed that the cornstalk model created, and the calibrated bonding parameters, were highly accurate and capable of simulating the shearing and bending behaviors of the real cornstalk. The inter-nodal cornstalk’s bonded particle model created and the identified bonding parameters for the cornstalk could contribute to a theoretical and research basis for the next stage in cornstalk modeling with nodes and other applications.

Abstract Remarkable advances in protocol development have been achieved to manufacture insulin-secreting islets from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Distinct from current approaches, we devised a tunable strategy to generate islet spheroids enriched for major islet cell types by incorporating PDX1+ cell budding morphogenesis into staged differentiation. In this process that appears to mimic normal islet morphogenesis, the differentiating islet spheroids organize with endocrine cells that are intermingled or arranged in a core-mantle architecture, accompanied with functional heterogeneity. Through in vitro modelling of human pancreas development, we illustrate the importance of PDX1 and the requirement for EphB3/4 signaling in eliciting cell budding morphogenesis. Using this new approach, we model Mitchell-Riley syndrome with RFX6 knockout hPSCs illustrating unexpected morphogenesis defects in the differentiation towards islet cells. The tunable differentiation system and stem cell-derived islet models described in this work may facilitate addressing fundamental questions in islet biology and probing human pancreas diseases.

Abstract In order to accurately predict the content and variation trend of dissolved gas in transformer oil and guide the condition maintenance of power transformers, a combined prediction model based on multi‐information fusion is proposed and its effectiveness is analysed. First of all, based on the possibility of pathological and missing historical sample data, a detection and filling method based on variable weight combination samples is established. Second, the authors propose two models. Aiming at the non‐linear and non‐stationary characteristics of gas content, a univariate decomposition prediction mode HBA‐VMD‐TCN which based on the Honey Badger algorithm, variational mode decomposition and time convolutional network (TCN) is established. Then the multivariate Informer prediction model is established for gas content affected by multiple variables. Third, the cross‐entropy theory is used to determine the weight coefficients of the two models, and the multi‐information fusion combined prediction model is formed. Finally, on the basis of the above, a method to determine the time step and the position information of the transition point adaptively in the process of prediction is proposed to further improve the prediction accuracy. The results show that, through a series of simulation experiments of model comparison and transformer anomaly prediction, the accuracy and effectiveness of the combined prediction model are verified.

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous retinal degenerative disorders, resulting in visual impairment or even blindness in millions of individuals worldwide. In recent years, targeting the suppression of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has emerged as a principal therapeutic strategy for RIR. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), a pivotal bioactive extract of Ganoderma lucidum, has been demonstrated to possess efficacious anti-neuroinflammatory properties, while the precise impact of it on RIR injury remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, the RIR model was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by elevating the intraocular pressure to 80 mmHg for 60 min. Our findings revealed that GLP significantly alleviated inflammatory processes by impeding the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines while facilitating that of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the administration of GLP also promoted the polarization of microglia from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. Further investigation of the treatment mechanism indicated that the regulatory effects of GLP were presumably mediated by the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. To summarize, we provided a novel insight into the mechanisms by which GLP ameliorated RIR injury, thereby indicating that it could be identified as a promising candidate for the management of RIR-related diseases.

BackgroundInterleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) modulates neuroinflammation. This study aimed to determine the prognostic role of serum IRAK3 in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsIn this prospective observational cohort study, 152 patients with supratentorial ICH, along with 63 healthy controls, were recruited. Serum IRAK3 levels were measured at the time of enrollment for controls, at admission for all patients, and on poststroke days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 in a subset of 63 patients. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and hematoma volume. Poststroke 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were registered, with scores of 3–6 representing a poor prognosis. Multivariate models were established to investigate severity correlation and prognosis association.ResultsSerum IRAK3 levels were significantly elevated at the admission of patients, peaked at day 1, plateaued at day 3, gradually declined until day 15, and were substantially higher over the first 15 days poststroke than in controls. Admission serum IRAK3 levels were independently associated with NIHSS scores, hematoma volume, and 6-month mRS scores in a multivariate linear regression model. They were linearly correlated with the risk of poor prognosis in a restricted cubic spline analysis and were independently predictive of poor prognosis in a binary logistic regression model. Additionally, they demonstrated strong prognostic ability in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Using subgroup analysis, no interactions were found between admission serum IRAK3 levels and some routine variables, such as age, gender, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the model combining admission serum IRAK3, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume demonstrated stability and clinical value in calibration and decision curve analyses.ConclusionA significant increase in serum IRAK3 levels during the early phase after ICH, strongly correlated with disease severity, is independently associated with a poor 6-month prognosis, establishing serum IRAK3 as a valuable prognostic biomarker for ICH.

The sediment delivery from Hainan island into the NW South China Sea during the Quaternary is less well-defined. An investigation into the uplift, exhumation and fluvial geomorphology of the Hainan island is crucial for improving our understanding on the source-to-sink system in this region. In this study, we employed the digital elevation analysis, the stream power incision model and the cosmogenic nuclide isotope analysis to unravel how and why the Hainan island provide sediment to the NW South China Sea. The results show that the average HI values of the main catchments on the Hainan island are below 0.35, which indicates that the rivers on the Hainan island tend to be stable. After mapping the channel steepness index of the Hainan island, a high channel steepness index is constrained in the central and western Hainan island. The χ analysis shows minor variations in χ values across the Hainan island, except of the watershed between the Wanquanhe and Nandujiang rivers, as well as that between the Changhuajiang and Nandujiang rivers, which indicates the potential migration of the river watersheds here. In addition, we carried out the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be analysis on the river sand from the Hainan island. The spatial distribution of 10Be concentrations is identified to be high in the west and low in the east. The catchment-averaged erosion rates are quantified to be 35 m/Myr, 42.5 m/Myr and 69.9 m/Myr for the Changhuajiang, Wanquanhe and Lingshuihe catchments, respectively. We also estimated the sediment deliveries from the Changhuajiang, Wanquanhe and Lingshuihe catchments to the Qiongdongnan and Yinggehai Basins to be 0.46 Mt/yr, 0.45 Mt/yr and 0.21 Mt/yr, respectively. We compared our results of the fluvial geomorphology analysis and erosion rate estimates of the Hainan island with those of the Taiwan island. We concluded that the difference of the erosion pattern and river evolution of the Hainan and Taiwan islands may be associated with the variation of the tectonics. Our investigation on the evolution of the Hainan island will improve our understanding on the source-to-sink systems in the NW South China Sea.

Density functional theory-based characterization of crystalline tungsten oxide has been well established. Nonetheless, there remains a partial gap in theoretical studies concerning the electrochemical characterization of amorphous tungsten oxide. The electronic structure and diffusion kinetics of amorphous tungsten oxide require a systematic theoretical study. Therefore, we employed second-generation Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations and the density functional theory with HSE06 exchange–correlation hybrid functional to investigate the electronic properties and lithium kinetics of amorphous tungsten oxide (α-WOx, x = 3, 2.5, 2) models. The precise electronic properties of these structures were computed using the HSE06 hybrid functions. The diffusion properties of lithium were determined in the range of 1 × 10−7 to 5 × 10−7 cm2/s by ab initio molecular dynamics. The computational findings provide a critical atomic-scale understanding and contribute to the development of tungsten oxide-based electrochromic devices for practical applications.

Abstract Tunnel cracks are thin and narrow linear targets, and their pixel proportions in images are usually very low, less than 6%; therefore, a method is needed to better detect small crack targets. In this study, a crack detection method based on crack characteristics and an anchor-free framework is investigated. First, the characteristics of cracks are analyzed to obtain the real crack texture, interference noise texture, and targets appearing near each crack as the context information for the model to filter and remove noise. We discuss the crack detection performance of anchor-based and anchor-free algorithms. Then, an optimized anchor-free algorithm is proposed in this paper for crack detection. Based on the advantages of YOLOX-x, we add a semantic enhancement module to better use contextual information. The experimental results show that the anchor-free algorithm performs slightly better than other algorithms in crack detection situations. In addition, the proposed method displays better detection performance for slender and inconspicuous cracks, with an average precision of 0.858.

Abstract Background Exploring the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is important for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Therefore, we aimed to construct novel signature genes (c-FRGs) combining cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) with ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) to explore the pathogenesis of OA and aid in its treatment. Materials and methods Differentially expressed c-FRGs (c-FDEGs) were obtained using R software. Enrichment analysis was performed and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on these c-FDEGs. Then, seven hub genes were screened. Three machine learning methods and verification experiments were used to identify four signature biomarkers from c-FDEGs, after which gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, immune function analysis, drug prediction, and ceRNA network analysis were performed based on these signature biomarkers. Subsequently, a disease model of OA was constructed using these biomarkers and validated on the GSE82107 dataset. Finally, we analyzed the distribution of the expression of these c-FDEGs in various cell populations. Results A total of 63 FRGs were found to be closely associated with 11 CRGs, and 40 c-FDEGs were identified. Bioenrichment analysis showed that they were mainly associated with inflammation, external cellular stimulation, and autophagy. CDKN1A, FZD7, GABARAPL2, and SLC39A14 were identified as OA signature biomarkers, and their corresponding miRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted. Finally, scRNA-seq data analysis showed that the differentially expressed c-FRGs had significantly different expression distributions across the cell populations. Conclusion Four genes, namely CDKN1A, FZD7, GABARAPL2, and SLC39A14, are excellent biomarkers and prospective therapeutic targets for OA.

Abstract The moisture generated by the ageing of the oil‐paper insulating system can easily lead to the deterioration of the performance of the insulating paper. In order to alleviate the impact of moisture on the performance of the insulating paper, we developed a kind of lipophilic hydrophobic self‐repairing cellulose insulating paper (new insulating paper) based on the ternary system of polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorocarbon surfactant and fluorinated alkyl silane, and accelerated thermal ageing test for 45 days at 130°C was carried out. The experimental results show that the new insulating paper with excellent lipophilic property can realise hydrophobic self‐repairing through heat treatment after physical damage. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the new insulating paper increased by 5%–8% and 6.25%–27% respectively compared with the original cellulose insulating paper. At the end of ageing, the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of new insulating paper are 10.4% and 9.9% lower than that of the original cellulose insulating paper, while the breakdown voltage is 6.8% higher. The acid and moisture content produced during the ageing process of the insulating oil impregnated with new insulating paper are also less, indicating that the coating can delay the ageing of the insulating paper.

Abstract Background Brainstem cavernous malformations (BCMs) are benign lesions that typically have an acute onset and are associated with a high rate of morbidity. The selection of the optimal surgical approach is crucial for obtaining favorable outcomes, considering the different anatomical locations of various brainstem lesions. Endoscopic surgery is increasingly utilized in treating of BCMs, owing to its depth illumination and panoramic view capabilities. For intra-axial ventral BCMs, the best surgical options are endoscopic endonasal approaches, following the “two-point method. For cavernous hemangiomas on the dorsal side of the brainstem, endoscopy proves valuable by providing enhanced visualization of the operative field and minimizing the need for brain retraction. Methods In this review, we gathered data on the fully endoscopic approach for the resection of BCMs, and outlined technical notes and tips. Total of 15 articles were included in this review. The endoscopic endonasal approach was utilized in 19 patients, and the endoscopic transcranial approach was performed in 3 patients. Results The overall resection rate was 81.8% (18/22). Among the 19 cases of endoscopic endonasal surgery, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage occurred in 5 cases, with lesions exceeding 2 cm in diameter in 3 patients with postoperative CSF rhinorrhea. Among the 20 patients with follow-up data, 2 showed no significant improvement after surgery, whereas the remaining 18 patients showed significant improvement compared to their admission symptoms. Conclusions This systematic literature review demonstrates that a fully endoscopic approach is a safe and effective option for the resection of BCMs. Further, it can be considered an alternative to conventional craniotomy, particularly when managed by a neurosurgical team with extensive experience in endoscopic surgery, addressing these challenging lesions.

Abstract Background Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract, presenting with a wide range of clinical symptoms and prognosis. Disulfidptosis is a newly identified cell death method and closely associated with BLCA progression, prognosis, and treatment outcome. Currently, we need to construct a new prognostic model for disulfidptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (drlncRNAs) to improve the treatment strategy of BLCA. Methods The data for BLCA samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and then 10 unique genes related to disulfidoptosis (DRGs) were identified from research papers. The differences between the two groups showed in this study were used to create the “disulfidptosis-related long noncoding RNAs score” (disulfidptosis-score) prognostic model. Results We identified two groups of drlncRNAs with high and low disulfidptosis scores in this study. Patients with low disulfidptosis scores had a better overall survival rate compared to those with high scores in bladder cancer, and the high disulfidptosis score subtype exhibited more active malignant pathways related to cancer than the low score subtype. We found that the low disulfidptosis-score subgroup had better prognosis than the high disulfidptosis-score subgroup. The expression of mutation burden was much higher in the low disulfidptosis-score group than in the high disulfidptosis-score group. The low disulfidptosis-score subgroup of patients exhibited significantly higher proportions of plasma cells, T cells CD8, and Tregs, while the high-risk subgroup had a greater abundance of Macrophages M0 and Macrophages M2. The disulfidptosis-score showed a strong correlation with the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, and patients in the low disulfidptosis-score group were more likely to exhibit an immune response and respond positively to immunotherapy. Additionally, we developed a nomogram to enhance the accuracy of the disulfidptosis-clinical score. Conclusion Based on our investigation of disulfidptosis-score in BLCA, disulfidptosis-score may have an important role in TME, prognosis, and drug sensitivity. We also investigated the significance of the disulfidoptosis-score in relation to immunotherapy and immune response, providing a basis for improving prognosis and responding to immunotherapy among patients with BLCA.

Abstract Generating fully spin‐polarized currents (FSPC) and pure spin currents (PSC) are of great importance for spintronics. Half‐metallic ferromagnets, which generate 100% spin polarization, are considered as one of the most promising materials for applications in spintronics. However, the knowledge of intrinsic half‐metallic materials in the spin‐dependent photogalvanic effect is still poorly understood. Using first‐principle transport calculations, a robust approach is introduced to obtain FSPC and PSC by spin‐dependent photogalvanic effect in intrinsic half‐metallic materials. Based on the recently synthesized monolayer half‐metallic C(CN)3, a 2D spin photogalvanic device is built and it is demonstrated that the FSPC can be achieved in a wider photon energy range under both linearly and elliptically polarized light due to the half‐metallicity. It is intriguing to note that the device can be easily manipulated to transition between two modes: one for generating FSPC and another for generating PSC by setting the two leads in anti‐parallel configurations. Furthermore, a significant spin‐valve effect can be attained across various photon energies for both linearly and elliptically polarized light. The research shows that half‐metallic materials are an ideal platform for studying and generating FSPC and PSC, which presents a remarkable avenue for the development of advanced spintronic devices in the next generation.

BackgroundIt remains unclear about the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in the setting of autoimmune disorders (ADs). However, the underlying systemic inflammatory characteristics of ADs may affect IAs through shared inflammatory pathways. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the relationship between ADs and IAs and assess causal effects.MethodsIn this study, 6 common ADs were included to explore their causal relationship with IAs. Besides, a bidirectional two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis was performed. In addition, the primary analysis was performed by the inverse variance weighted (IVW) and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) method, and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. Further, the data related to ADs and IAs were collected from open genome-wide association study studies (GWASs) and the Cerebrovascular Disease Knowledge Portal (CDKP) (including 11,084 cases and 311,458 controls), respectively. These analyses were conducted based on both the East Asian and European populations. Moreover, 6 ADs were subject to grouping according to connective tissue disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and thyroid disease. On that basis, a multivariate MR (MVMR1) analysis was further performed to explore the independent causal relationship between each AD and IAs, and an MVMR 2 analysis was conducted to investigate such potential confounders as smoking, alcohol consumption, and systolic blood pressure. Finally, these results were verified based on the data from another GWAS of IAs.ResultsThe UVMR analysis results demonstrated that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was associated with a high risk of IAs in the East Asian population (IVW OR, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.02–1.11; p = 0.0065, UVMR), which was supported by the results of BWMR (OR, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.02–1.11; p = 0.0067, BWMR), MVMR1 (OR, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.01–1.10; p = 0.015, MVMR1), MVMR2 (OR, 1.05; 95%CI, 1.00–1.11; p = 0.049, MVMR2), and sensitivity analyses. The results in the validation group also suggested a causal relationship between SLE and IAs (IVW OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.09; p = 0.046). The reverse MR analysis results did not reveal a causal relationship between IAs and ADs.ConclusionIn this MR study, SLE was validated to be a risk factor for IAs in the East Asian population. Therefore, the management of IAs in patients with SLE should be highlighted to avoid stroke events.

Abstract Background We aimed to clarify comprehensively the safety profiles of anti-IL-5 drugs and pinpoint potential safety concerns that may arise in their post-marketing phase. Methods Two researchers conducted comprehensive searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2022. Additionally, we investigated the FDA AE Reporting System for post-marketing adverse event (AE) reports related to anti-IL-5 drugs. The outcomes fulfilled the proportional reporting rate criteria and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network. Results We included 24 published studies in our analysis. The anti-IL-5 treatment group showed an incidence of AEs comparable to the placebo group, and it exhibited a significantly lower frequency of serious AEs. Common AEs were asthma, nasopharyngitis, headache, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and bronchitis. The post-marketing data included 28,478 case reports associated with the suspect drugs and 75 suspect safety observations affecting 16 system organ classes. New suspect observations included incomplete therapeutic product effect, URTIs, and pulmonary mass in reports related to mepolizumab. Reports associated with mepolizumab and benralizumab also indicated issues with incorrect technique in device usage and product issues. Conclusions Individual anti-IL-5 drugs’ safety profiles largely matched their product inserts. We identified issues like improper device usage, product issue, and URTIs as potential concerns for mepolizumab and benralizumab. Additionally, all anti-IL-5 drugs showed signs of incomplete therapeutic effects.