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BackgroundPersonal health record (PHR) security, correctness, and protection are essential for health and medical services. Blockchain architecture can provide efficient data retrieval and security requirements. Exchangeable PHRs and the self-management of patient health can offer many benefits to traditional medical services by allowing people to manage their own health records for disease prevention, prediction, and control while reducing resource burdens on the health care infrastructure and improving population health and quality of life. ObjectiveThis study aimed to build a blockchain-based architecture for an international health record exchange platform to ensure health record confidentiality, integrity, and availability for health management and used Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource international standards as the data format that could allow international, cross-institutional, and patient/doctor exchanges of PHRs. MethodsThe PHR architecture in this study comprised 2 main components. The first component was the PHR management platform, on which users could upload PHRs, view their record content, authorize PHR exchanges with doctors or other medical health care providers, and check their block information. When a PHR was uploaded, the hash value of the PHR would be calculated by the SHA-256 algorithm and the PHR would be encrypted by the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman encryption mechanism before being transferred to a secure database. The second component was the blockchain exchange architecture, which was based on Ethereum to create a private chain. Proof of authority, which delivers transactions through a consensus mechanism based on identity, was used for consensus. The hash value was calculated based on the previous hash value, block content, and timestamp by a hash function. ResultsThe PHR blockchain architecture constructed in this study is an effective method for the management and utilization of PHRs. The platform has been deployed in Southeast Asian countries via the Asia eHealth Information Network (AeHIN) and has become the first PHR management platform for cross-region medical data exchange. ConclusionsSome systems have shown that blockchain technology has great potential for electronic health record applications. This study combined different types of data storage modes to effectively solve the problems of PHR data security, storage, and transmission and proposed a hybrid blockchain and data security approach to enable effective international PHR exchange. By partnering with the AeHIN and making use of the network’s regional reach and expert pool, the platform could be deployed and promoted successfully. In the future, the PHR platform could be utilized for the purpose of precision and individual medicine in a cross-country manner because of the platform’s provision of a secure and efficient PHR sharing and management architecture, making it a reasonable base for future data collection sources and the data analytics needed for precision medicine.

E-learning provides a convenient and efficient way for learning. Formative assessment not only guides student in instruction and learning, diagnose skill or knowledge gaps, but also measures progress and evaluation. An efficient and convenient e-learning formative assessment system is the key character for e-learning. However, most e-learning systems didn't provide methods for assessing learners' abilities but true-score mode. In this article, Sato's Student-Problem Chart (SP Chart) is applied to integrate with our proposed on-line assessment system. Teachers are able to analyze each learner easily and efficiently. In addition, the Bloom Taxonomy of Educational Objective supports each item in our assessment management system during the authoring time. In our proposed system, it provides groups of function for student, teacher, and system administrator. According to the SP Chart analysis and Bloom taxonomy of items, we can divide all items into four types, and students into six types. With these types of diagnosis analysis chart, teacher can modify or delete the items which are not proper. With diagnosis analysis chart of students, teachers can realize learners' learning situation easily and efficiently. (Contains 2 tables and 12 figures.)

Taiwan has been confronted with a serious problem of aging in recent years. The prevalence of the chronic diseases caused by aging is increased continuously, which has led to a high percentage of comorbidity and polypharmacy. The proportion of the elderly people with polypharmacy (over three to five kinds of drugs) is 81%. Under the situation of high comorbidity, the potentially inappropriate drug for the elderly have become a series problem. However, in order to promote personal health management, Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare has released a service of "My Health Bank", which contains all the personal medical information issued by the National Health Insurance Department and can be downloaded by any individual person. This study designs a cloud-based personal health management platform to parse and store the information of "My Health Bank", establishes two databases, one for the health insurance drug table and one for the inappropriate medications. A warning of inappropriate personal medication will be generated based on a checking process. We expect that the application will enhance the safety of medication and improve the selfhealth management of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the dominant factors for an organization to build information security policy (ISP), and whether an ISP can elevate an organization's security level. Information security is vital to most organizations with the popularity of e-commerce. Building and implementing an ISP has long been assumed to be an effective managerial measure to elevate an organization's security level. Data were collected from 165 chief information officers in Taiwan. An ISP is any written corporate statements, principles, and guidelines for organizational information security.

Describes an integrated system theory of information security management. Integration of security policy theory, risk management theory, control and auditing theory, management system theory and contingency theory; Usefulness of the theory for understanding information security management, explaining information security management strategies and predicting management outcomes.

Taiwan has been confronted with a serious problem of aging in recent years. The prevalence of the chronic diseases caused by aging is increased continuously, which has led to a high percentage of comorbidity and polypharmacy. The proportion of the elderly people with polypharmacy (over three to five kinds of drugs) is 81%. Under the situation of high comorbidity, the potentially inappropriate drug for the elderly have become a series problem. However, in order to promote personal health management, Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare has released a service of "My Health Bank", which contains all the personal medical information issued by the National Health Insurance Department and can be downloaded by any individual person. This study designs a cloud-based personal health management platform to parse and store the information of "My Health Bank", establishes two databases, one for the health insurance drug table and one for the inappropriate medications. A warning of inappropriate personal medication will be generated based on a checking process. We expect that the application will enhance the safety of medication and improve the self-health management of the elderly.