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This paper is an application of a new Shapley income decomposition methodology, in which we isolate two subjective factors in income differences - race and gender - that contribute to income inequality within the population of blacks and whites in the United States over the period 2005-2017. We show that the purely racial contribution to income inequality as defined by the Gini index varies from 1% to 4% depending on the geographical administrative divisions used. Race tends to contribute more to inequality in the Western and Southern part of the country. Whatever the division, the share of income inequality associated with gender exceeds greatly that of race. While gender income inequality falls over time, income inequality associated with race tends to increase.

In cooperative game theory, the concept of interaction index is an extension of the concept of value, considering interaction among players. In this paper we focus on cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices which are generalizations of the class of semivalues. We provide two types of decompositions. With the first one, a cardinal-probabilistic interaction index for a given coalition equals the difference between its external interaction index (or co-Möbius transfom) and a weighted sum of the individual impact of the remaining players on the interaction index of the considered coalition. The second decomposition, based on the notion of the "decomposer", splits an interaction index into a direct part, the decomposer, which measures the interaction in the coalition considered, and an indirect part, which indicates how all remaining players individually affect the interaction of the coalition considered. We propose alternative characterization of the cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices. We then propose an illustration with a well-known example in Multicriteria Aid for Decisions.

In this paper we present the results for EU-15 of a simulation of the Luxembourg CAP reform based on the AG-MEMOD composite model. This dynamic partial equilibrium econometric multi products model comprises of national country level sub-models that are combined to be linked and solved in prices generating projections for each country, and the entire EU, for each year to a 10-year horizon. Under the Luxembourg reform scenario simulated direct payments in the grains and oilseeds, cattle and beef, and sheep commodity market organisations are fully decoupled. Intervention price reductions for butter agreed as part of the reform are also considered. The impact of the Luxembourg Agreement reform scenario is measured against a Baseline of a continuation of Agenda 2000 agricultural policy. The impact of the Luxembourg Agreement reform scenario is measured against a Baseline of a continuation of Agenda 2000 EU agricultural policy.

National audience; Dans cet article, les auteurs présentent une approche originale de la mise en place d'un programme de contrôle de l'offre, au sein de l'Union européenne. Ils adaptent les concepts de valeur de la théorie des jeux coopératifs au cas de la politique agricole commune. Ces valeurs permettent de calculer des indices de pouvoir au travers des jeux de vote virtuels. A l'aide de ces indices de pouvoir, ils déterminent des règles d'allocation non seulement entre les Etats membres mais aussi à l'intérieur des régions, des Etats et entre producteurs à l'intérieur des régions. Cette modélisation est ici appliquée à la réforme de l'Organisation commune des marchés viti-vinicoles.

National audience; Dans cet article, les auteurs présentent une approche originale de la mise en place d'un programme de contrôle de l'offre, au sein de l'Union européenne. Ils adaptent les concepts de valeur de la théorie des jeux coopératifs au cas de la politique agricole commune. Ces valeurs permettent de calculer des indices de pouvoir au travers des jeux de vote virtuels. A l'aide de ces indices de pouvoir, ils déterminent des règles d'allocation non seulement entre les Etats membres mais aussi à l'intérieur des régions, des Etats et entre producteurs à l'intérieur des régions. Cette modélisation est ici appliquée à la réforme de l'Organisation commune des marchés viti-vinicoles.