Search

This paper proposes a penalty strategy with differentiated service rate based on the free riding phenomenon in P2P networks, and establishes an M/M/c+d queueing model. Based on this model, a sleep/wakeup mechanism is introduced for the peers at the service end, and a single asynchronous vacation strategy is adopted to reduce the energy consumption of the system. In addition, the energy consumption of peers in each state is quantified, and the relationship between the energy consumption and parameters of the system is analyzed. In order to avoid excessive requests for unnecessary services from requesting nodes and increasing energy consumption of the system, this paper analyzes the Nash equilibrium between the arrival rate and the net profit of a single node, and then studies the optimization of social profit. The stationary distribution of queueing model is obtained by the method of matrix geometric solution, the performance indicators of the system are constructed, and the system performance is analyzed by numerical experiments. Experimental results show that the model developed in this paper has a significant penalty effect on free riding behavior, and that the single asynchronous vacation strategy not only saves more than 10% of the total energy consumption compared with the single synchronous vacation strategy, but also makes the hybrid P2P networks more flexible and efficient.

With the rapid development of technology, the issues about blockchain are getting more and more attention from scholars. In order to study the operation of the blockchain system, this paper simulated the transaction confirmation process of a blockchain system with two miners. Combining with practice, factors such as adverse transactions, impatience phenomena of transactions, fault repairable conditions of the mining process and a spare miner are considered. An M/(M $$_1$$ ,M $$_2$$ )/1 vacation queueing model with negative customers, impatient customers, optional services, repairable faults and a spare server is established. The stationary distribution of the system is obtained by using the matrix-geometric solution method, and expressions of the average confirmation time of transactions and other performance indexes are given. The influence of each parameter on the performance indexes of blockchain system is analyzed by using MATLAB software. Revenue function and equilibrium sleep rate of miners are discussed for optimizing the blockchain system.

HighlightsAs a non-invasive temperature detection technology, IRT can provide dynamic information on skin temperature changes caused by physiological processes of livestock.IRT will become a more valuable detection tool for evaluating various signs and behavior changes of livestock.With the continuous development of information technology, it is necessary to use IRT to explore more expected and innovative information.Abstract. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive temperature detection technology characterized by non-destructive, long-distance measurement and high sensitivity. IRT measures mid-wave to long-wave infrared radiation emanating from objects and converts this radiation into visual images or videos of the temperature distribution and temperature changes. Because temperature is an important environmental parameter that affects livestock physiology and metabolic heat production, measurement of animal temperature and energy exchange in field environments is a useful tool for understanding physiological changes in animals. Traditional measurement methods of animal temperature are extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. As a non-contact method, IRT provides a new method for physiological data acquisition. However, IRT is also subject to a number of uncertainties, thus requiring optimal modeling using built-in software. Therefore, this study reviews applications of IRT in livestock production, including reproduction, growth, and diseases, and discusses some of the better-known approaches and the latest research findings for IRT in livestock production. Keywords: Diseases, Growth, Infrared thermography, Reproduction.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for renal failure and possibly for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Post-transplantation DM occurs frequently after solid organ transplantation. We investigated whether new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation (NODAT) is a risk factor for RCC or renal failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of 96,699 discharged patients with and without NODAT were extracted from the 2005-2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, after excluding patients with DM diagnosed at least 1 year prior to renal transplantation. Main outcomes were RCC diagnosis less than 1-year post-transplantation, RCC stage, and renal failure. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with post-transplantation RCC or renal failure. RESULTS Significant differences were found in age and race between patients with and without NODAT (both P

A simple and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the determination of foretinib in rat plasma. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from the bio-samples with acetonitrile and then separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using 0.1% formic acid aqueous and acetonitrile as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. The mass detection was performed in positive selected reaction monitoring mode with precursor-to-product transitions at m/z 317.1 > 128.1 for foretinib and m/z 502.2 > 323.1 for internal standard. The assay was demonstrated to be linear in the concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/ml, with correlation coefficient >0.999. The mean extraction recovery of foretinib from rat plasma was within the range of 84.55-88.09%, while the matrix effect was in the range of 88.56-99.21%. The intra- and inter-day precisions were

Plasma arc welding process uses a highly constricted arc to produce a keyhole inside the weld pool, process efficiency is much increased compared to the traditional gas tungsten arc welding process. Keyhole stability is one of the critical factors to determine the process stability and the resultant weld quality. Deeper understanding of the keyhole, and appropriate process control methods are required to improve the welding process stability. This survey paper provides variants of the plasma arc welding process, recent advances in plasma arc keyhole process sensing, controlling and numerical modeling. It shows that recent research works, especially the employment of camera-based vision system to observe the keyhole behavior, deepen the understanding of the keyhole process, sound quality welds have been made in mid-thick stainless steels (9.5–12.5 mm) by new designed control systems; more accurate numerical models have established to explore the keyhole behavior evolution process.