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Objective To evaluate the application value of abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment(aCGA)in elderly female breast cancer patients. Methods Eight aspects of the traditional CGA were simplified to form the aCGA assessment table,based on which the patients were classified into three grades of A,B and C according to the total scores.This study enrolled the elderly female patients with breast cancer aged 70 years and above who were treated in PUMC Hospital from June 2018 to January 2020.Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)scoring and aCGA grading were performed respectively,and the results of the two methods were compared. Results Of the 162 patients,111(68.5%)were classified by the aGGA method as grade A,43(26.5%)as grade B,and 8(5.0%)as grade C;131(80.9%)cases have concurrent diseases,and the most common complications were hypertension(

BACKGROUND: BRCA1/2 mutation is associated with a high risk of breast cancer, which may preclude breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutation from breast-conserving therapy (BCT) [breast-conserving surgery (BCS), followed by radiotherapy, BCT]. It is debatable whether BCT could be a rational choice for Chinese breast cancer patients with a BRCA1/2 mutation. METHODS: The study comprised a cohort of women with invasive breast cancer either receiving BCT or mastectomy following the criteria for the germline BRCA1/2 mutation test. Germline DNA for BRCA1/2 testing was derived from blood samples. Survival analyses were performed. The correlations were analyzed between survival and distinct types of surgery. To compare the survival between different surgical management, Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression was used. RESULTS: In BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (N=176) and noncarriers (N=293), 25% and 27.3% of the patients received BCT, respectively (P=0.675). Patients receiving mastectomy (without radiotherapy or followed by radiotherapy) have larger tumor size (P

Inspired by the nature material, a crosslinked network structure of polyurethane/epoxy resin composite material was built through Diels-Alder (DA) reversible covalent bond reaction between the dienes and dienophile group on the side chain of epoxy resin and polyurethane respectively. The synthesized composite material combined the advantages of polyurethane and epoxy resin. The hard segments of polyurethane and epoxy resin were closely combined through the DA reaction and high density hydrogen bonding. The strength, hardness and toughness of the composite material were greatly enhanced. DA covalent bonds can be reversible with varying the temperature, which led to the heat reprocessing ability of the synthesized composite material. The well-established structure-property relationship shown in this paper could further provide guidance for fabrication of high performance recyclable material with precisely controllable microstructures and behaviors.

The effect of solution pH, Cl− concentration and temperature on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of PH13-8Mo steel in acidic solution was investigated by using the electrochemical tests, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PH13-8Mo martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel is in the passivity state when the pH value is above 3.0, below which the anodic polarization curves of the steel are actively dissolved. The corrosion current density gradually decreases with increasing the solution pH and decreasing Cl− concentration and solution temperature. Pits are initiated on the sample surface in the presence of the Cl− and gradually developed into uniform corrosion with increasing the Cl− concentrations. Moreover, the corrosion is more serious with an increase in solution temperature.

Compared with gold and silver nanoclusters, copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have incomparable price advantages. As a new type of photoluminescence and nanocatalysis materials, copper nanoclusters have attracted more and more attention in the fields of photoluminescence analysis, biological probe imaging and catalysis. In this work the electronic structures of Cu6(SR)6-1 and Cu6(SR)60 nanoclusters, chemical interaction between metal core Cu6 and ligands (SR)6 and optical properties of the nanocluster were studied using quantum mechanical calculation method which can be helpful for us to understand the electronical properties in the nanocluster and design the new nanocluster structure with desired properties.

Understanding the nature of glass transition is still a great challenge. Glass transition is widely observed in many glassy materials; however, it has never been unambiguously observed in reversible cross-linked polymer, which is an ideal model of the percolation process. Herein, we report the synthesis of a reversible cross-linked polymer incorporated with four-armed Diels–Alder (DA) dynamic covalent bonds, and the robust experimental observation of percolation-induced glass transition in this reversible four-armed cross-linked polymer (DAMF1). Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) experiment results clearly revealed the presence of a glass transition along with an endothermic or exothermic peak associated with DA/retro-DA (RDA) reaction related to the reconstitution/disassociation of the DAMF1's four-armed cross-linked network. In situ 13C variable-temperature solid-state NMR experiments further confirmed the DA/RDA reaction during glass transition at a molecular level. The above experimental results provide a direct experimental evidence for the recently developed percolation model of glass transition, which provides new insights into the nature of glass transition.

This work demonstrated an efficient way for the synthesis of thermoreversible cross-linked epoxy resin based on Diels-Alder reaction (DAER) via two steps: a side-chain pendant furan-functionalized liner epoxy resin (LER) was designed and synthesized in the first step; a cross-linked network was constructed via DA reaction between the bismaleimide (BMI) and the pendant furan functional groups in the side chain of the LER in the second step. The cross-linking density could be adjusted by changing the mole ratio of maleic imide in BMI to furan groups in LER. The DAERs could perform de-crosslinking above 100°C and reform the network below 60°C. The results of the tensile experiment showed that the mechanical properties of the DAERs can be compared with the traditional aromatic amine cured epoxy resin. The thermostability of all the cross-linked DAERs were improved significantly compared to the DAER0, especially DAER100 with about 40°C higher transition temperature, which indicated that DA cross-linking was an effective way to improve the heat resistance of the polymer material.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4(CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor with great value in the progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection related diseases. To determine the potential associations of IL-28B rs12979860 and CTLA-4 rs231775, rs3087243 and rs5742909 polymorphisms with the generation of HCV F protein, susceptibility and outcomes of HCV infection, a total of 375 healthy controls, 219 HCV spontaneous recovered patients and 600 chronic HCV patients from Southeast China were recruited and genotyped in this study. And the relative mRNA levels of CTLA-4 in T cells were detected. Logistic regression analysis showed that rs231775 A allele was associated with significantly higher rate of spontaneous viral clearance in anti-HCV F antibody negative patients (adjusted OR = 0.512, P = 0.008), but allele A was related to higher mRNA level of CTLA-4 with the generation of HCV F protein. And rs5742909 T allele added up to the risk of HCV infection chronicity significantly in patients with the presence of HCV F protein (adjusted OR = 2.698, P = 0.003). Also, the rs5742909 CC genotype, along with the presence of HCV F protein, indicated a significantly higher CTLA-4 level than that in anti-HCV F antibody negative patients. The AG+AA genotype of rs3087243 significantly increased the susceptibility to HCV infection in subjects over 56 years old (adjusted OR = 1.595, P = 0.011). Genotype–genotype interaction between IL-28B rs12979860 and CTLA-4 rs3087243 was found to be significantly associated with increased susceptibility to HCV infection (adjusted OR = 1.509, P = 0.005). Haplotype analysis in CTLA-4 also showed significant association with the generation of HCV F protein. All these results indicated the importance of IL-28B and CTLA-4 polymorphisms and their associations with HCV F protein in the risk and chronicity of HCV infection in Chinese Han population in Southeast China.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is an important co-inhibitory molecule involved in the progression of chronic viral infections. To investigate the associations of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10204525, rs2227982 and rs36084323) in PD-1 and a previously well-inquired SNP rs12979860 in IL-28B with the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Southeast China, a total of 375 healthy controls, 219 spontaneous resolved HCV patients and 600 chronic HCV patients were enrolled in this study. The generation of HCV F protein and PD-1 expression on T cells was determined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no association of rs12979860 CC genotype with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection in our subjects. The generation of HCV F protein was significantly related to HCV infection chronicity, but no significant relationship was found between HCV F protein and SNPs in PD-1. The rs10204525 TT genotype was associated with an increased risk of HCV infection chronicity in age ⩽56years subgroup (adjusted OR=0.390, P=3.8×10(-4)). The C allele of rs10204525 played protective roles in females infected with HCV (adjusted OR=0.608, P=0.008). A significant higher percentage of PD-1 expression on T cells was observed in rs10204525 TT genotype when compared to CC genotype (P=0.047). Moreover, a significant genotype-genotype interaction between IL-28B rs12979860 CC and PD-1 rs10204525 TC+CC was found to be associated with higher rates of spontaneous clearance (adjusted OR=0.689, P=0.032). The combined effect of rs12979860 and rs10204525 was of great value in predicting the outcomes of HCV infection. These analyses showed the importance of IL-28B and PD-1 polymorphisms and their interactions in the outcomes of HCV infection in Chinese Han population in Southeast China.

In aqueous solution at 40 °C, the micellization behavior of the binary mixtures constituted by an amphoteric sodium n-dodecyl diamine sulfonate and a cationic octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide has been investigated by the tensiometric technology. The values of critical micelle concentration (cmc) were determined by surface tension measurement of aqueous solution. The experimental data were analyzed according to various mixing thermodynamic models within the framework of the pseudophase separation model. The values of mixed cmc have been predicted successfully by both the Rubingh’s and Rodenas’s treatments. Various parameters like the mixed cmc, interaction parameters between surfactants (β12), the compositions and activity coefficients in mixed micelles as well as thermodynamic properties have been determined using Lang, Rubingh, Rodenas, and Rosen approach. Over the entire composition range investigated, the mixed micelle formation, non-ideal or ideal mixing, and synergistic effect or antagonism are explained by the electrostatic interaction between ionic headgroups of surfactants and the steric effect of surfactant. Thermodynamic parameters favor the process of micellization which is found to be entropy-driven.

Toll-like receptors 7 (TLR7) play a crucial role in provoking an immune response in HCV infection. We aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR7, including rs179009, rs179010 and rs179012, affect the outcomes of HCV infection among the Chinese population. A total of 1767 Chinese Han individuals were enrolled. The distribution of SNP frequencies among three groups with different outcomes of HCV infection was assessed, including healthy controls, cases with spontaneous clearance and cases with viral persistence. Then TLR7 mRNA expression and the production of IFN-α and IL-6 after TLR7 agonist Imiquimod stimulation in vitro were determined. Our results suggested that rs179009 GG genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of the susceptibility to HCV infection among female subjects (OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.24-4.71, P=0.01). Haplotype GCG was significantly associated with a high risk for HCV susceptibility (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.11-2.03, P=0.01) as compared with the reference haplotype ACG among females. In the functional research of rs179009, a lower IFN-α level was observed in GG genotype than in AA genotype (P=0.032). Our data indicate that TLR7 rs179009 GG genotype and haplotype GCG were associated with an increased risk of the susceptibility to HCV infection among Chinese females, which may be due to the impaired IFN-α response.

Dynamic recrystallization of 304N stainless steel was investigated at deformation temperatures of 900–1300 °C and strain rates of 0. 01–10 s−1 by a Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. And the microstructure evolutions of specimens with different deformation temperatures were observed by using a transmission electron microscope. Results indicated that compared with conventional AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel, 304N stainless steel has higher deformation resistance force and deformation activation energy under similar conditions. In addition, the flow stress constitutive equation of 304N stainless steel was obtained by regression analysis of experimental stress-strain data, and the calculated values proposed by the mathematical model agree well with the experimental results.

In this paper, a useful variant of the vehicle routing problem, Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and a limited number of vehicles (m-VRPTW) is given. The problem is to serve a number of customers at minimum cost by using a limited number of vehicles, without violating the time window constraint and the vehicle capacity constraint. The feasible solution of m-VRPTW may contain some unserved customers and third-party vehicles, such as taxies, are hired to serve these unserved customers. The mixed integer programming model of m-VRPTW is proposed and a two-phase algorithm based on insertion algorithm and tabu search algorithm is proposed to solve it. Experimental results show that our algorithm can yield effective and efficient solution and be capable of dealing with the m-VRPTW problems in real life conditions.

Based on Beidou satellite communication platform, sliding force remote monitoring and warning system was widely used in Lingbao Luoshan gold ore, which had achieved remarkable social and economical benefits. However, there is one monitoring point at every 1 000 m2, and their distribution is so discrete that it will no doubt increase construction and operation cost if every monitoring point was installed a Beidou subscriber machine. Therefore, based on Zigbee wireless sensor network technology, network structure and the nodes, embed wireless sensor node in remote monitoring and warning system, a base platform of local wireless sensor network is formed, and it can combine punctiform monitoring information with planar network and transmit concentrated information through Beidou satellite terminal machine; as a result, this largely expands the transmission distance of monitoring data.

With respect to the human tracking with multi-cameras in the video surveillance system, a human tracking method based on MSER (Maximally Stable Extremal Regions) was established. The approach transforms the human tracking into elliptic region matching. The method does elliptic region fitting to each MSER, and then selects the elliptic regions which meet some constraints. These selected elliptic regions are normalized to unity circular regions. The right matched elliptic regions are gotten by rotational invariant vectors calculation, histogram density estimation and weighted average distance calculation. Experimental results show that the approach can effectively realize the human tracking with multi-cameras.

Background: PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a key role in a series of cellular functions related to cell growth, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Dysregulation of the PI3K pathway is implicated in many human cancers. Thus we intended to discover novel pan-PI3K inhibitors to treat various solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer, gastric carcinoma, lung carcinoma and breast cancer, etc. Methods: We explored SAR based on a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor series to selectively improve the PI3K activity over that of mTOR. PI3Kα/mTOR enzymatic activity assays, MCF-7 cellular (p-AktS473) activity assay and mouse in vivo pharmacokinetic analyses were used to direct compound optimization. Compounds with superior in vitro activity and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties were then tested for in vivo antitumor efficacy in patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models. Results: WX008 was identified as a potent PI3K inhibitor with PI3Kα/mTOR IC50 of 0.07 nM/233 nM (selectivity 3328×) and superior MCF-7 cellular (p-AktS473) activity (IC50 of 5.91 nM). For its excellent pharmacokinetic properties WX008 was evaluated for in vivo antitumor efficacy. As results, WX008 displayed equivalent efficacy at much lower dose than BKM-120 in several PDX tumor models (Table 1). Table 1 In vivo efficacy of BKM-120 and WX008 Cmpd_IDBKM-120WX008CO-04-0032 PDX72% TGI @30 mpk86% TGI @8 mpkST-02-0013 PDX50% TGI @8 mpk 77% TGI @15 mpk53% TGI @4 mpk 90% TGI @8 mpkLU-01-0010 PDX74% TGI @30 mpk74% TGI @8 mpk Conclusions: WX008 is a novel potent pan-PI3K inhibitor with high selectivity over mTOR and inhibits tumor growth in several PDX tumor models. Citation Format: Tao Yu, Lingwei Kong, Yong Wang, Peipei Jiang, Zhe min Rong, Chang jun Wang, Jing jie Huang, Dan Yao, Yu xin Qin, Cheng de Wu, Shu hui Chen, Xin Tian, Fei Liu, Ping Dong, Zhi Lin Chen. Novel pan-PI3K inhibitor WX008 demonstrates significant antitumor efficacy in three xenograft tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5453.

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a key role in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process by converting cholesterol to cholesteryl ester to form mature HDL particles, which in turn deliver cholesterol back to the liver for excretion and catabolism. HDL levels in human plasma are negatively correlated with cardiovascular risk and HDL functions are believed to be more important in atheroprotection. This study investigates whether and how D-4F, an apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide, influences LCAT activity in the completion of the RCT process. We demonstrated that the apparent rate constant value of the LCAT enzyme reaction gives a measure of LCAT activity and determined the effects of free metals and a reducing agent on LCAT activity, showing an inhibition hierarchy of Zn2+>Mg2+>Ca2+ and no inhibition with β-mercaptoethanol up to 10 mM. We reconstituted nano-disc particles using apoA-I or D-4F with phospholipids. These particles elicited good activity in vitro in the stimulation of cholesterol efflux from macrophages through the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). With these particles we studied the LCAT activity and demonstrated that D-4F did not activate LCAT in vitro. Furthermore, we have done in vivo experiments with apoE-null mice and demonstrated that D-4F (20 mg/kg body weight, once daily subcutaneously) increased LCAT activity and HDL level as well as apoA-I concentration at 72 hours post initial dosing. Finally, we have established a correlation between HDL concentration and LCAT activity in the D-4F treated mice.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of total saponins of Dioscorea (TSD), an extract of the Chinese herbal Bi Xie, on hyperuricemia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The rat hyperuricemia model was established by administration of adenine. Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: model group, low/high-dose TSD-treated groups, and allopurinol-treated group. Meanwhile, 8 rats were used as normal controls. Serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A1 (OATP1A1) levels were measured. Comparison between the model group and treatment (allopurinol and TSD) groups showed the serum UA levels were significantly decreased in treatment groups. TSD had similar effects to allopurinol. It was found that the OATP1A1 protein expression levels in treatment groups were higher than in model group and normal controls. And different from the allopurinol-treated groups, TSD-treated group had elevated OATP1A1 expression levels in the stomach, liver, small intestine and large intestine tissues. It was suggested that TSD may facilitate the excretion of UA and lower UA levels by up-regulating OATP1A1 expression.

Programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitory signal pathway has been verified to be involved in the establishment of persistent viral infections. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 engagement to reinvigorate T cell activity is supposed to be a potential therapeutic scheme. Studies have verified the participation of PD-1/PD-L1 in hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein-regulated immune response. To determine the roles of PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway in HCV F protein-induced immunoreaction in chronic HCV infection, variations in T cells were examined. The results showed that PD-1 expression on CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells was increased with HCV F stimulation in both chronic HCV patients and healthy controls, and could be reduced partly by PD-1/PD-L1 blocking. Additionally, by PD-1/PD-L1 blocking, HCV F-induced inhibition of T cell proliferation and promotion of cellular apoptosis were partly or even totally recovered. Furthermore, levels of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines were elevated in the presence of anti-PD-L1 antibody. All these results indicated that PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway also participates in HCV F protein-induced immunoregulation. PD-1/PD-L1 blocking plays important roles in the restoration of effective functionality of the impaired T cells in chronic HCV patients.

Partially High Percentage Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PHPFRC) is a kind of cement composite in which fibers are concentrated with high volume fraction in the tension region of the component under bending. Therefore, PHPFRC possesses much higher load bearing capacity, rigidity, fatigue and fracture properties than conventional steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) while its cost is similar to that of SFRC. In this paper, the fatigue test of PHPFRC is carried out to gain its flexural fatigue damage evolution rule. It is found from the test that, PHPFRC have long post-crack fatigue life and its fatigue damage is tough damage. Based on the continuum damage mechanics and fatigue behavior of the specimens, a fatigue damage variable D for PHPFRC is defined and the elementary form of damage evolution function is determined. For the specimens in which average fiber volume fraction are 1.2% and local fiber volume fraction are 10%, the function parameters and the damage threshold value are given according to the test results.

OBJECTIVE To investigate gene-therapy for human hepatocellular carcinoma with adenovirus vectors by double suicide gene CD/TK. METHODS Double suicide gene CD/TK was liberated from eukaryotic vectors pCEA-CD/TK and subcloned into shuttle vectors, and the transfer plasmid pAdtrack-CMV-CD/TK was formed after linearizing with Pac 1. It was recombinated with pAdeasy-1 in bacteria BJ5183. The identified adenovirus plasmid was digested by Pac1 and was transfected into 293 cells to pack the adenoviruses. After PCR determination, its titre was measured, and the infection rate and efficacy were tested in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RESULTS pAdtrack-CMV-CD/TK and pAd-CD/TK were tested by endonuclease digestion. Ad-CD/TK was produced in 293 cells, and the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC7721) infected by Ad-CD/TK were killed after 5-FC was used, and bystander effects were observed. CONCLUSION Recombinant adenoviruses with CD/TK fusion suicide gene have a high infection rate and efficacy for human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the immunoprotection of Streptococcus suis serotype 2(SS2) suilysin(SLY) and its antiserum.Methods Mice were immunized with the purified SLY recombinant protein.The antiserum against SLY was collected and used to determine the specific antibody titers and IgG isotypes.Subsequently,the active immunized mice were challenged with a lethal dose of S.suis 2.Moreover,the immunoprotection of SLY was evaluated.The antiserum against SLY was used passively to immunize the mice,which were challenged with a lethal dose of S.suis 2 after four hours.The protection provided by the antiserum against S.suis 2 was evaluated.Results The antiserum for mice immunized with recombinant protein SLY was collected.The titer reached 1∶25600,containing IgG1and IgG2a,two kinds of subtype antibodies.However,the difference between IgG1 and IgG2a was not significant.All actively immunized mice were injected with a lethal dose of S.suis 2.The survival rate of the actively immunized mice was significantly higher(60%) than that of the control group(10%)(P < 0.05).Mice that are passively immunized with SLY antiserum were challenged with a lethal dose of S.suis 2.On the 7th day after challenge,the survival rate was significantly higher(90%) than that in the control group(20%)(P < 0.05).Significant differences in survival rates were not observed between the passively immunized and the control group(P > 0.05) 14 days after the challenge.Conclusions SLY and SLY-specific antiserum provides immunoprotection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies in the outcomes depending on both viral and host factors. This study aims to investigate the associations of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), rs179016, rs5743733, and rs1634323, with susceptibility to HCV infection and clearance. The three SNPs were genotyped in a high-risk Chinese population, including 444 HCV spontaneous clearance cases, 732 persistent infection cases, and 1107 healthy controls. The G allele of rs1634323 was related to the protection from persistent infection among females (dominant model: odds ratio (OR) = 0.558, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.348-0.894, P = 0.015). This protective effect was more evident in blood donation and HCV non-1 genotype-infected subgroups (all P 0.05). The carriage of rs179016 C allele was more prone to develop persistent infection (OR = 1.444, 95 % CI = 1.096-1.903, P = 0.009) in males, and the risk effect remained significant among older (50 years), hemodialysis (HD), and HCV-1 and HCV non-1 genotypes-infected subjects (all P 0.05). Haplotype analyses showed that CCA haplotype among females was correlated with the elevated risk of HCV susceptibility while the carriage of GGA was more prone to be infected with HCV and CCA was more likely to develop persistent infection (all P 0.05) among males. Our results first demonstrated that the carriage of rs179016 C allele had a negative effect on spontaneous clearance of HCV among males while rs1634323 G allele conferred a protective effect against persistent infection among female subjects.

BackgroundThe posterior and anterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA and ACHA) are crucial for the blood supply of humeral head. We aimed to identify simple landmarks for guiding the quick access to PCHA and ACHA, which might help to protect the arteries during the surgical management of proximal humeral fractures.MethodsTwenty fresh cadavers were dissected to measure the distances from the origins of PCHA and ACHA to the landmarks (the acromion, the coracoid, the infraglenoid tubercle, the midclavicular line) using Vernier calipers.ResultsThe mean distances from the origin of PCHA to the infraglenoid tubercle, the coracoid, the acromion and the midclavicular line were 27.7 mm, 50.2 mm, 68.4 mm and 75.8 mm. The mean distances from the origin of ACHA to the above landmarks were 26.9 mm, 49.2 mm, 67.0 mm and 74.9 mm.ConclusionOur study provided a practical method for the intraoperative identification as well as quick access of PCHA and ACHA based on a series of anatomical measurements.

To develop a new method to detect anti-Hantavirus IgG antibodies (HV IgG) based on quantum dots (QDs) and indirect immune technique.The carbodiimide crosslinking method was used to couple protein G and goat antihuman IgG on the surface of water-solubility QDs. The coverglass covered HV antigen was used as carrier, and QDs-PG-IgG conjugates was used as labeled second antibody to detect the HV-IgG in the serum samples. The detecting conditions were optimized.The optimum reaction time, pH and goat antihuman IgG concentration for conjugating the QDs with goat antihuman IgG were 6.0, 2h, and 20 microg/ml, respectively. The optimum working dilution of QDs-PG-IgG conjugates was 1: 200. The detection limit of the serum samples was about 1: 1280 dilution.The method established in this study has been demonstrated to be a specific, sensitive, rapid test for detecting HV antibodies, laying the foundation of single molecule detection. The anti-fluorescence quenching ability of this method was significant improved.

Patients with pelvic fractures are often treated in hospitals without the capacity to implement an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). This often leads to pelvic malunion in patients with unstable pelvic fracture, shock or even death due to uncontrollable pelvic hemorrhage and unstable hemodynamics. This study explored the role of early external fixation (within 7 days) for patients with unstable pelvic fractures.A retrospective analysis was conducted on 32 patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated with early external fixation from January 2005 to January 2010 (Tile type B: 18 cases; C: 14 cases). The study comprised 28 males and 4 females, with a mean age of (32 ± 8) years (range, 21-56 years). Of these patients, 22 were treated with emergency pelvic external fixation and 10 were treated with external fixation within 1-7 days. Fifteen cases suffered traumatic hemorrhagic shock. A statistical analysis was conducted to compare fluid infusion and blood transfusion volumes within the first 24 hours of these shock patients with another cohort of patients treated without early external fixation from January 1993 to January 1998.The average follow-up was (34.7 ± 14.6) months (range, 6-66 months). Six to eight weeks after external fixation, patients could walk with crutches; by 12 weeks, external fixation was removed and all fractures had healed. Seven patients presented with sequelae, including 3 patients with long-term lumbosacral pain, 3 patients with erectile dysfunction and 1 patient with Morel-Lavallee lesion and other complications. The 15 shock patients in this study (2005-2010 group) required significantly lower volumes of fluid infusion and blood transfusion (P(fluid) = 0.000; P(transfusion) = 0.000) as compared to the 1993-1998 cohort.The early application of external fixation in unstable pelvic fracture patients positively affects hemodynamic stability, with outstanding efficacy as a final fixation option for unstable pelvic fractures.

Blepharoptosis is one of the most common oculoplastic problems. There has been an ongoing debate regarding the choice of appropriate surgical approach and time for congenital blepharoptosis. This paper addresses several common misunderstandings regarding the diagnosis and treatment of blepharoptosis, as well as emphasizes the importance of the classification and preoperative evaluation of the blepharoptosis. Furthermore, some personal viewpoints on the choices of appropriate surgical approach and time for blepharoptosis are mentioned, which might initiate scientific argument and discussion to reach a consensus on the standardization of diagnosis and management of blepharoptosis in China.

There are various factors affecting driving behavior and each factor has different levels to be discussed in detail, which makes it very difficult to analyze how each factor affects driving behavior. To analyze driving behavior effectively, it is essential to determine what factors are the key affecting factors. Therefore, based on the orthogonal experimental design theory, this paper designs an analysis experiment on driving behavior and puts forward a method to identity the key factors affecting driving behavior. In turn, the method greatly aids in conducting effective experiments on driving behavior and in the efficient analysis of experimental data.

This paper presents the needs for strengthening emergency response and coordination management on the regional freeway network. To support this case, the definitions of key terms such as “regional freeway network” and “emergency” are provided, along with the classification of different kinds of emergencies and their characteristics. Finally, the necessity of constructing an aid and cooperation system for emergencies on the regional freeway network is illustrated. Based on the theory of workflow and segmentation, the aid and cooperation system is constructed to include the modules of decision-making and organization, information sharing, traffic control, on-site aid and resource preparedness. This paper also presents the factors and typical operating modes for each function module. This system is conducive to regional cooperation efforts, including resources and assistance to increase aid efficiency.

In the title compound, C13H14N2O, the Npyrrole—C(H2)—C—C torsion angle is −7.7 (3)° and the dihedral angle between the pyrrole and benzene rings is 83.6 (2)°. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains extending along the c axis. We have previously reported another polymorphic form of this title compound, which has the same space group with different cell parameters: a = 9.8285 (18) Å, b = 23.588 (4) Å, c = 9.9230 (17) Å, β = 90.107 (3)°, Z = 8 and V = 2300.5 (7) Å3 [Zeng et al. (2010). Acta Cryst. E66, o2051].

To summarize our experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC).The clinicopathological data of the 166 EGC inpatients who were treated in our hospital from January 1999 to January 2009 were retrospectively analyzed and their treatment outcomes were followed up.Surgical treatment for ECG accounted for 9.04% (176/1946) among all the surgeries performed for gastric cancers. Among the analyzed 166 cases, 9 asymptomatic patients were diagnosed by routine examination, 29 (17.47%) had a history of gastric ulcer or chronic gastritis, and 20 (12.05%) had a family history of esophageal or gastric cancer. Of 64 patients who received double-contrast gastric X-ray examination, 57 patients (89.06%) were found to be with abnormalities. Endoscopy revealed lesions in lower third, middle third, and upper third of the stomach in 115 patients (69.28%), 26 patients (15.66%), and 25 patients (15.06%), respectively. A total of 126 patients received D(0) or D1 operations and 40 patients received operations more than D+1 operation. As shown by post-operative pathological examinations, the mean diameter of the lesions was (2.52±1.62) cm; 75 patients (45.18%) had mucosal gastric cancer, 91 (54.82%) had submucosal gastric cancer, 20 patients with submucosal gastric cancer had lymph node metastasis, and 8 patients had lymphatic vessel involvement. The overall 5-year survival rate was 70.0% and 89.7% among patients with or without lymph node metastasis (P=0.002). Univariate analysis revealed that depth of tumor invasion (submucosa) and lymphatic vessel involvement were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.000, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that lymphatic vessel involvement was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio: 15.67; 95% confidence interval, 3.40-72.14).The proportion of EGC patients undergoing gastrectomy is relatively low among all gastric cancer patients. Lymph node metastasis is a key prognostic factor for EGC. A proper staging of gastric cancer, a precise evaluation of the depth of infiltration, and appropriate and standardized treatment are important to improve the outcomes.

To observe the effects of Danhong injection on experimental atherosclerosis rabbits and explore its possible mechanism.Forty New-Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, high-cholesterol group, danhong injection group and aspirin group, all rabbits were administered for fourteen weeks. The plaque area of aorta in each group was determined by image analysis. The blood lipid level was tested by ELISA method, malonaldehyde (MDA) in aorta wall was analyzed with thiobarbituric acid method, the iNOS and COX-2 in aorta wall was tested with RT-PCR method.There were significant difference between danhong injection group and other groups (P0.5), danhong injection and Aspirin decreased the TG, TC and LDL-C level in plasma of rabbit model and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress level in aorta wall.Danhong injection can inhibit the formation of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits, which may be related to decreasing blood lipid, plaque inflammation and oxidative stress level.

To evaluate the efficacy of free transplantation of denervated muscles and vessels in the treatment of long-standing facial paralysis.A total of 26 patients with facial paralysis (10 males and 16 females, aged 16-65 years, mean: 47 years) were enrolled in this study to receive transplantation of denervated extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) and extensor hallusis brevis (EHB). The muscle tendon was slung to the ala nasi, the middle point of the nasolabial sulcus, the angulus oris and the chin to correct the nasal and oral deformity. The muscle belly was buried around the nerves that innervated the masseter muscle. Microsurgery was applied to anastomosing the tarsus lateral vessels to the superficial temporalis vessels.After operation, all the patients immediately obtained satisfied static appearance. The movement of the paralyzed corner of the mouth could be obtained one month later and the smile of the paralyzed side could be restored after 3 months of training. And 88% patients achieved perfect results, 8% obtained satisfactory results, and 4% got improvement 6 months after operation according to Stennert's paresis scoring system.Free transplantation of denervated muscles and vessels for the treatment of long-standing facial paralysis, which seldom causes atrophy or liquefaction of the transferred muscles, can maintain muscle viability and induce reliable nerve regeneration. Therefore, it is a safe and efficient treatment method for the patients suffering from facial paralysis.

To explore the method for labeling Flk1+ CD31- CD34- human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with ferumoxide-PLL and evaluate the feasibility of its tracing after transplantation into the brains of Macaca Fascicularis.The hBMSCs were incubated with ferumoxide-PLL. Trypan blue staining, Prussian blue staining, and transmission electron microscope were performed to show intracellular iron, marking efficiency, and the vigor of the labeled cells. After the hBMSCs were transplanted into the brains of cynomolgus monkeys by stereotaxis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to trace the cells in vivo. Cell survival and differentiation were studied with immunohistochemistry, Prussian blue staining, and HE staining.The marking efficiency of the ferumoxide-PLL was 96%. Iron particles were found intracytoplasmic of the hBMSCs by Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy. The relaxation rates of labeled cells in MRI were 4.4 and 4.2 times higher than those of the unlabeled cells. Hypointensity area was found by MRI three weeks after transplantation. Many hBMSCs and new vessels were found in the transplantation zone by pathological and immunofluorescence methods.Ferumoxide-PLL can effectively label hBMSCs and thus increase its contrast in MRI results. The cells can survive in the brains of cynomolgus monkeys. The labeled hBMSCs can be traced in vivo by MRI.

To construct a gene knock-out mutant of response regulator named RevS in Streptococcus suis serotype 2 virulent strain 05ZYH33, and to investigate the effects of its deletion on the biological characters of this pathogen and the pathogenesis to mice and piglets.Recombinant gene knock-out vector consisting of Spc(r) cassette was constructed and flanking was constructed consisting of Spc(r) cassette with flanking homology regions to the RevS genes while the isogenic RevS-deficient mutant was screened by allelic replacement. The effects of RevS deletion on the basic biological characters of 05ZYH33 including growth stability, colonial morphology, haemolysis, Gram staining, growth curve and protein expression were examined in vitro. The mice and piglets were infected with 10(8) CFU wild virulent and mutant isolates.PCR analysis confirmed that the coding genes of RevS were replaced completely by Spc(r) cassette and the basic biological characters of 05ZYH33 did not undergo any apparent change. Balb/c mice infection assay indicated that RevS play a role in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis infections, while no remarkable difference was observed in the piglets' pathogenesis infection rates between mutant isolates deltaA05ZYH33 and wild-type isolates 05ZYH33.The mutant of Streptococcus suis 05ZYH33 response regulator was successfully constructed, while the mutation did not obviously affect the bacterial biological characters, while the knock-out mutant of RevS was shown to be attenuated in pathogenesis to mice and piglets.

To elucidate the distribution of srt gene in the genome of S.suis 05ZYH33, prokaryotically express Sortase A and analyze its antigenicity.Homologous genes encoding sortase family members were analyzed, and then the srtA gene of S.suis was cloned and sequenced. The recombinant protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The mice were immunized with recombinant protein and the antibody titer was determined by indirect ELISA.All the putative srt genes in the genome of 05ZYH33 were analyzed. Six genes were found to be homologous to srt of S.suis isolated in Japan. The predicted srtA and sortase-like proteins were members of Class A of sortase family while srtBCD and srtE belonged to Class B. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was reactive to with the serum from the rabbits infected with a virulent strain of S.suis Type 2. The antibody titer in blood serum reached 1:6 400 after immunization with recombinant protein four times.Compared with the isolated strain from Japan a new putative srt gene was found in 05ZYH33. The srtA gene was successfully expressed in prokaryotic system and the recombinant protein showed specific antigenicity, which is important for future research of the function of Sortase.