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Nanoparticles within lunar soil grains are a primary product of space weathering. The microstructural and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles are diverse and their formation mechanisms are still under debate. In this paper, for the first time, tadpole‐shaped nanoparticles (with Fe‐Ni(‐S) head and Fe‐Ti‐O tail) were found in the impact melt glass spherule of an agglutinate in the returned Chang'e‐5 lunar soil, and their possible formation mechanisms were discussed. In terms of the Fe‐Ni(‐S) "head" formation mechanisms, they probably produced by shock‐induced dissemination. Another possibility is that the Fe‐Ni(‐S) heads were derived from the impact glass due to liquid immiscibility. The S degassing of FeS was contributed to nanophase Fe‐Ni metal. For the Fe‐Ti‐O tails, they are devitrified ilmenites, nucleated as a result of the passage of the Fe nanoparticles through the melt. These nanoparticles formed though impact‐induced nonequilibrium growth and recorded the movement and migration of the Fe‐Ni‐S nanoparticles within the melt. The tadpole‐shape nanoparticles provide a new example of viscous fingering in impact melts and the associated ilmenite dendrites point to the formation of high‐temperature chemical gardens in lunar impact melt. Plain Language Summary: The Moon's surface is a hostile environment. Micrometeorite impacts and solar wind irradiation have modified lunar surface for billions of years, producing large amount of nanoscale metal particles within lunar soil grains. These nanoparticles show a variety of microstructure and chemical characteristics, and the formation mechanisms are still controversial. From the returned Chang'e‐5 lunar soil, we first discovered tadpole‐shaped Fe‐Ni‐S‐Ti nanoparticles in the impact melt glass of an agglutinate particle. The composition of the nanoparticles "metal heads" indicates they could derive from impact‐induced dissemination in melts or unmixing of two immiscible melts between Fe‐S melt and silicate melt. S outgassing from FeS led to the creation of nanoscale Fe‐Ni metallic particles. The Fe‐Ti‐O tails of the nanoparticles indicate that these particles are most likely exsolution from melt during the movement and migration of the Fe‐Ni‐S nanoparticles. Our observations provide a viscous fingering in impact melts of nano‐phase metal particles in lunar soil. The presence of ilmenite dendrites suggests the occurrence of high‐temperature chemical gardens (self‐organizing nonequilibrium process) during the impact process. Key Points: Tadpole‐shaped Fe‐Ni‐S‐Ti nanoparticles have been found in the impact melt glass spherule of an agglutinate in Chang'e‐5 lunar soilThe nanoparticles made up of Fe‐Ni‐S heads and with tails made up of Fe‐Ti‐O (ilmenite)The nanoparticles provide a new example of viscous fingering and ilmenite dendrites point to high‐T chemical gardens in lunar impact melt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diapause, an adaptative strategy for survival under harsh conditions, is a dynamic multi-stage process. Bombus terrestris, an important agricultural pollinator, is declining in the wild, but artificial breeding is possible by imitating natural conditions. Mated queen bees enter reproductive diapause in winter and recover in spring, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we conducted a comparative 4D label-free proteomic analysis of queen bees during artificial breeding at seven timepoints, including pre-diapause, diapause, and post-diapause stages. Through bioinformatics analysis of proteomic and detection of substance content changes, our results found that, during pre-diapause stages, queen bees had active mitochondria with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation, high body weight, and glycogen and TAG content, all of which support energy consumption during subsequent diapause. During diapause stages, body weight and water content were decreased but glycerol increased, contributing to cold resistance. Dopamine content, immune defense, and protein phosphorylation were elevated, while fat metabolism, protein export, cell communication, signal transduction, and hydrolase activity decreased. Following diapause termination, JH titer, water, fatty acid, and pyruvate levels increased, catabolism, synaptic transmission, and insulin signaling were stimulated, ribosome and cell cycle proteins were upregulated, and cell proliferation was accelerated. Meanwhile, TAG and glycogen content decreased, and ovaries gradually developed. These findings illuminate changes occurring in queen bees at different diapause stages during commercial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]