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The aim of this research is to examine the dimensions of junior high school teachers' readiness for implementing a flipped classroom approach and to construct and validate an instrument--the Flipped-Classroom Teacher Scale (FCTS). Two sets of samples (170 and 495 junior high school teachers) served to explore and confirm the constructs of the FCTS model proposed by this study. The model has been empirically validated via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis. The research participants were from different geographical locations in Taiwan. The FCTS consists of four factors: institutional support, technology self-efficacy (TSE), teacher beliefs and teaching strategies (TS). The results show that the FCTS model is a valid and reliable scale. Teachers may use the FCTS to gain a greater understanding of their instructional design and strategies in relation to flipped classrooms.

Enhanced light extraction efficiency (LEE) of high-power GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is achieved by inserting a self-assembled SiO2 nanosphere monolayer between the substrate and backside reflectors. Due to the presence of concave surfaces and photonic crystal-like air voids, downward photons emitted from multiple quantum well toward 3-D backside reflectors, could be reflected, scattered, and redirected into arbitrary directions for light extraction. These textured 3-D backside reflectors with an SiO2 nanosphere monolayer could also extract the lateral light inside device into the normal direction and improve LEE. As compared with a conventional LED without a backside reflector and an LED with a planar hybrid backside reflector, at 350 mA, the studied device with a 3-D hybrid backside reflector exhibits 136.4% (165%) and 23.6% (27.4%) enhancements in light output power (luminous flux) without the degradation of electrical properties. Higher light intensities in light emission mapping image and far-field pattern are also obtained. These results show that a textured 3-D backside reflector could be easily formed by inserting an SiO2 nanosphere monolayer to significantly enhance the performance of high-power GaN-based LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The isotypic compounds (III) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and XPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of UO3, NaOH, NaF, Na2HPO4, and Na2SiO3 in a molar ratio of Na:F:U:P:Si = 39:5:1:2:10 (autoclave, 160 MPa, 585 °C, 2 d, 71% yield). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]