98 results on '"Chang, Wenhuan"'
Search Results
2. In Situ Chemical Locking of Acetates During Xylo-Oligosaccharide Preparation by Lignocellulose Acidolysis
- Author
-
Guo, Jianming, Zhao, Jianglin, Nawaz, Ali, Haq, Ikram ul, Chang, Wenhuan, and Xu, Yong
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid and betaine improve growth performance and meat quality of ducks by accelerating energy metabolism
- Author
-
Li Shuzhen, Li Yang, Chang Wenhuan, Chen Zhimin, Zheng Aijuan, Wang Zedong, and Liu Guohua
- Subjects
guanidinoacetic acid ,betaine ,growth performance ,meat quality ,metabolism ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and betaine on growth performance, meat quality and metabolism of ducks. A total of 384-one-day-old Cherry Valley meat ducks (55.75 ± 0.55 g) were randomly assigned to four treatments with 6 replicates of 16 ducks. Ducks were fed a basal diet (control) or a test diet supplemented with 0.6 g GAA/kg, 2.0 g betaine/kg, or 0.6 g GAA/kg + 2.0 g betaine/kg. The results showed that compared with the control group, GAA and betaine improved feed conversation ratio from day 1 to 14 and 1 to 35 and body weight at 35 days of age (p
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Molecular mechanisms of growth depression in broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) mediated by immune stress: a hepatic proteome study
- Author
-
Zheng, Aijuan, Zhang, Anrong, Chen, Zhimin, Pirzado, Shoaib Ahmed, Chang, Wenhuan, Cai, Huiyi, Bryden, Wayne L., and Liu, Guohua
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Effects of Selenium Dietary Yeast on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Selenium Deposition in Broiler Chickens.
- Author
-
Liu, Jinmei, Wang, Zheng, Li, Chong, Chen, Zhimin, Zheng, Aijuan, Chang, Wenhuan, Liu, Guohua, and Cai, Huiyi
- Subjects
BROILER chickens ,OXIDANT status ,SELENIUM ,YEAST ,ABDOMINAL adipose tissue ,PECTORALIS muscle - Abstract
Simple Summary: Se yeast is a microbial fermentation product created by adding sodium selenite in the yeast cultivation process, which is a superior product of an organic Se source. It exhibits greater bioavailability than the product from inorganic Se sources, and the increased Se levels are maintained for a longer period after the supplementation has ceased. This study evaluated the effects of Se yeast on the growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in broilers. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Se yeast can lead to reduced abdominal fat percentages, improved antioxidation function, and increased Se deposition in broiler tissues, thereby enhancing the meat quality of broilers, which holds great significance for the precise production of Se-enriched functional chicken products. Selenium (Se) yeast, a bioavailable form of selenium, exhibits enhanced bioavailability due to its unique organic matrix and superior metabolic availability compared to the inorganic selenium sources. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se yeast on the growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in broiler chickens. A total of 264 1-day-old male AA broilers (38.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with six replicates of 11 chickens per replicate. The broilers were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg Se yeast. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Although the results showed that Se yeast did not significantly improve the growth performance of broilers, it did significantly decrease the abdominal fat ratio. Additionally, supplementation of Se yeast significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. The quadratic regression models were used to simulate the relationship between Se content in the feed and Se deposition in broiler tissues. The regression equations were as follows: pectoral muscle, Y = 2.628X − 0.340X
2 − 0.592 (R2 = 0.927); leg muscle, Y = 2.317X − 0.272X2 − 0.490 (R2 = 0.937); liver, Y = 3.357X − 0.453X2 − 0.493 (R2 = 0.961); kidney, Y = 4.084X − 0.649X2 + 0.792 (R2 = 0.932). Based on these findings, the Se deposition in broiler tissues can be predicted by the Se content of the additive, which is of great significance for the precise production of Se-enriched functional chicken products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evaluation of the Application Value of Cottonseed Protein Concentrate as a Feed Protein Source in Broiler Chickens.
- Author
-
Chen, Xing, Zhao, Manqi, Zheng, Aijuan, Purba, Adanan, Chen, Zhimin, Qiu, Kai, Wang, Zedong, Chang, Wenhuan, Cai, Huiyi, and Liu, Guohua
- Subjects
BROILER chickens ,CONCENTRATE feeds ,POULTRY growth ,SOYBEAN meal ,FISH meal as feed ,METABOLIZABLE energy values ,COTTONSEED - Abstract
Simple Summary: Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a novel plant protein source that has been developed using advanced cottonseed processing technology. It was extensively utilized as a replacement for fish meal in feed within the aquaculture industry. However, there was limited research on using CPC as a protein source to replace soybean meal in broiler diets. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition of CPC, and assessed its protein and amino acid digestibility, metabolizable energy value, and net energy value in the broiler chickens. Additionally, the experiment examined the effects of replacing 25% and 50% of soybean meal in feed with CPC on the growth performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broiler chickens. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential use of CPC as a substitute for soybean meal in broiler feed formulation. Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) has the function of replacing soybean meal to maintain normal animal growth and development. This study involved 180 Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, which were randomly assigned to three different treatments. Each treatment had six replicates, with each replicate consisting of 10 chicks. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the CPC-1 and CPC-2 groups used CPC to replace 25% and 50% of the soybean meal in the basal diet, respectively. The study showed that replacing soybean meal with 25% CPC in broilers' diets can maintain normal growth, while substituting 50% of soybean meal with CPC negatively affects the growth and development of broiler chickens. Furthermore, the CPC-1 group showed a significant increase in serum total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, and immunoglobulin content, along with a decrease in malondialdehyde content. Based on the research results mentioned above, it was speculated that CPC has the potential to replace around 25% of soybean meal in broiler feed without causing any negative impact on growth performance. This suggests that CPC could be a viable alternative to soybean meal in broiler diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Integrated evaluation of the requirements and excretions of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers via a uniform design method
- Author
-
Qiu, Kai, Chen, Zhimin, Chang, Wenhuan, Zheng, Aijuan, Cai, Huiyi, and Liu, Guohua
- Subjects
General Veterinary - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the ideal balance profile of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers of 1–21 days of age via a uniform experimental design. In Experiment 1, 900 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 15 dietary treatments with six replicates of 10 birds. A total of 14 experimental diets were formulated with the supplementation of 8~16, 123~160, 40~80, and 60~120 mg/kg of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn, respectively, in the basal diet, according to the uniform design method. The excretion of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the manure and the broiler performance were determined to build the ideal balance profile of these elements. Experiment 2 was conducted based on the ideal balance profile built in Experiment 1, to test its practicability using 720 broilers with two treatments. The dietary concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the control group were 15.19, 203.08, 76.78, and 86.13 mg/kg, respectively. In Experiment 1, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the diets were 16.96, 166.66, 46.01, and 60.26 mg/kg, respectively, when the average daily gain reached the optimum value. When the dietary concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn were 8.54, 130.66, 38.19, and 64.07 mg/kg, respectively, the total excretion of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn got the minimum value. There are corresponding ideal balance profiles for minimum excretion of a certain element. In Experiment 2, the dietary levels of Fe, Zn, and Mn were decreased by 17.93%, 40.08%, and 30.04%, respectively, which had no significant effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed gain for 1~21 day-old broilers but markedly decreased the excretion of Cu and Mn and total excretion. It was concluded that there is a dilemma between growth performance and mineral excretion. Although dietary levels of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn supporting optimal growth are higher than those for minimizing mineral excretion, supplementing too many trace elements in the diets of broilers is unnecessary.
- Published
- 2023
8. Augmentation of Performance, Carcass Trait, Biochemical Profile and Lipid Metabolism Concerning the Use of Organic Acidifier in Broiler Chickens.
- Author
-
Qiu, Kai, Chen, Zhimin, Zheng, Aijuan, Chang, Wenhuan, Cai, Huiyi, Zhang, Xin, and Liu, Guohua
- Subjects
BROILER chickens ,LIPID metabolism ,CHICKEN as food ,OXIDANT status ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN A ,LYSOZYMES - Abstract
This study aimed to disclose the effects of a new compound organic acidifier mixing with L-malic acid and L-lactic acid on broiler production. A total of 1000 1-day-old Arbor acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into two treatments of 10 replicates each, with 50 birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days. The treatment group was offered 0.8% of the acidifier based on the control. The growth performance of the broiler chickens was improved by treatment. The broiler chickens in treatment had lower triglyceride but higher high-density lipoprotein content in serum. Superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity and the concentrations of immunoglobulin A, complement 3 and lysozyme were increased in the serum of the broiler chickens, while the concentrations of interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the mucosa of jejunum were decreased by treatment. The expressions of AMPK, CD36, FABP1, MTTP and PPARα were increased but expressions of APOB100 and PCSK9 were decreased by treatment. In conclusion, the acidifier was effective at promoting broiler production, which was probably through the improved immunity, antioxidant and hepatic lipid metabolism capacities. The acidifier may be accelerating lipid metabolism in broiler chicken liver through regulating the expression of the genes related to fat metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Unraveling molecular mechanistic differences in liver metabolism between lean and fat lines of Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica): A proteomic study
- Author
-
Zheng, Aijuan, Chang, Wenhuan, Hou, Shuisheng, Zhang, Shu, Cai, Huiyi, Chen, Guilan, Lou, Ruiying, and Liu, Guohua
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effects of Sihuang Zhili Granules on the Diarrhea Symptoms, Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity of Poultry Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
- Author
-
Wang, Shaolong, Li, Chong, Zhang, Chaosheng, Liu, Guohua, Zheng, Aijuan, Qiu, Kai, Chang, Wenhuan, and Chen, Zhimin
- Subjects
OXIDANT status ,POULTRY ,LEGHORN chicken ,DIARRHEA ,POULTRY growth ,LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
A growing interest has been focused on Chinese herbs as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters, which are characterized by non-toxic side effects and drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Sihuang Zhili granule (abbreviated as Sihuang) on diarrhea, immunity, and antioxidation in poultry. Thirty male Leghorn chickens, aged 21 days, were randomly assigned to one of three groups with ten animals each. The control group (CON) received intraperitoneal saline injections, while the LPS-challenged group (LPS) and Sihuang intervention group (SH) received intraperitoneal injections of LPS (0.5 mg/kg of BW) and Sihuang (5 g/kg) at d 31, d 33, d 35, respectively. The control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet, while the SH group was fed a diet supplemented with Sihuang from d 21 to d 35. Analysis of the diarrhea index showed that the addition of Sihuang inhibited the increase in the diarrhea grade and the fecal water content caused by LPS, effectively alleviating poultry diarrhea symptoms. The results of the immune and antioxidant indexes showed that Sihuang significantly reduced the contents of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF- α and IL-1 β, as well as the oxidative stress markers ROS and MDA. Conversely, it increased the contents of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10, along with the activities of antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px and CAT, thereby enhancing the immune and antioxidant abilities of chickens. Furthermore, Sihuang protected the chicken's ileum, liver, and immune organs from LPS invasion and maintained their normal development. In conclusion, this study confirmed the antidiarrheal effect of Sihuang in poultry farming and demonstrated its ability to improve poultry immunity and antioxidant capacity by modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory cytokine levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Proteome changes in the intestinal mucosa of broiler (Gallus gallus) activated by probiotic Enterococcus faecium
- Author
-
Luo, Jianjie, Zheng, Aijuan, Meng, Kun, Chang, Wenhuan, Bai, Yingguo, Li, Ke, Cai, Huiyi, Liu, Guohua, and Yao, Bin
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Effects of Dietary Crude Protein and Protease Levels on Performance, Immunity Capacity, and AA Digestibility of Broilers.
- Author
-
Qiu, Kai, Chen, Jiang, Zhang, Guangmin, Chang, Wenhuan, Zheng, Aijuan, Cai, Huiyi, Liu, Guohua, and Chen, Zhimin
- Subjects
DIETARY proteins ,LOW-protein diet ,WEIGHT gain ,IMMUNITY ,AMINO acids ,PHYTASES ,PROTEIN content of food ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes - Abstract
Exogenous proteases are promising to stimulate the application of low-protein diets for broilers. A total of 540 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 9 groups with 6 replicates of 10 birds. A 3 × 3 factorial, completely randomized arrangement was used to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) and protease levels on growth and slaughter performance, immunity capacity, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA). Dietary CP levels were 20.0%, 19.5%, or 19.0% during the starter phase, and 18.0%, 17.5%, or 17.0% during the finisher phase. Protease levels were 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg in diets throughout the trial. The trial lasted for 42 days. Weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers decreased as dietary CP lowered, but improved with protease supplementation. Dietary CP and protease levels had few effects and interactions on carcass characteristics, immune organ indexes, and immunoglobulin concentrations. The AID of most AA was improved by dietary CP decrease or protease supplementation. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP decreased the performance and immune capacity of broilers but increased the AID of AA. Almost independent of dietary CP level, dietary protease addition improved the performance of broilers, probably through the enhancement of AA digestibility, and had no effect on carcass traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Screening and Characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici LC-9-1 toward Selection as a Potential Probiotic for Poultry with Antibacterial and Antioxidative Properties.
- Author
-
Li, Chong, Wang, Shaolong, Chen, Si, Wang, Xiaoying, Deng, Xuejuan, Liu, Guohua, Chang, Wenhuan, Beckers, Yves, and Cai, Huiyi
- Subjects
PEDIOCOCCUS acidilactici ,PROBIOTICS ,GUT microbiome ,BROILER chickens ,DIETARY supplements ,ABDOMINAL adipose tissue ,LACTIC acid bacteria - Abstract
Growing interest has been focused on lactic acid bacteria as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters, which are characterized by the production of various functional metabolites, such as antimicrobial and antioxidants compounds. The present study was undertaken to evaluate a potential probiotic from the antioxidant perspective. LC-9-1, screened from the intestines of healthy animals, was revealed to be Pediococcus acidilactici on the basis of its morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. The strain has excellent properties, including acid-production efficiency, antibacterial performance and antioxidant activity. The safety of the strain was also evaluated. Furthermore, the experiments in broiler chickens suggested that dietary LC-9-1 supplementation improved the growth performance and decreased the abdominal fat, and enhanced the antioxidant capability and intestinal innate immunity of broilers. Analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that a higher community diversity (Shannon index) was achieved. In addition to the significantly increased relative abundances of Pediococcus spp., beneficial genera such as Rothia spp. and Ruminococcus spp. were abundant, while opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella spp. were significantly reduced in LC-9-1-supplemented broilers. Collectively, such in-depth characterization and the available data will guide future efforts to develop next-generation probiotics, and LC-9-1 could be considered a potential strain for further utilization in direct-fed microbial or starter culture for fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Proteomic analysis of liver development of lean Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)
- Author
-
Zheng, Aijuan, Liu, Guohua, Zhang, Yunsheng, Hou, Shuisheng, Chang, Wenhuan, Zhang, Shu, Cai, Huiyi, and Chen, Guilan
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Effects of Fermentation on the Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Soybean Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens.
- Author
-
Li, Yang, Li, Shuzhen, Li, Chong, Chang, Wenhuan, Cai, Huiyi, and Liu, Guohua
- Subjects
METABOLIZABLE energy values ,SOYBEAN meal ,SOYBEAN as feed ,BROILER chickens ,FERMENTATION ,AMINO acids ,ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) are greater than those in soybean meal (SBM). FSBM was produced by fermenting SBM with a mixture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermentation process decreased trypsin inhibitor and crude fiber levels by 67.80% and 7.56%, while it increased the total amino acid content by 2.56%. In the first experiment, a substitution method was used to determine the AME and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) of SBM and FSBM. A corn-SBM basal diet and two test diets consisting of 70% of the basal diet plus 30% SBM or FSBM were formulated. The results show that fermentation did not have an effect on the AME and AMEn concentrations of SBM (p > 0.05); the respective AME and AMEn values were 10.29 and 10.62 MJ/kg (DM basis) and 9.09 and 9.23 MJ/kg for SBM and FSBM. In the second experiment, a nitrogen-free diet was formulated to measure the endogenous AA flow, and the other two semi-purified diets containing SBM or FSBM as the sole source of AA were formulated. The results show that the AID and SID of isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, cysteine, tyrosine, and aspartic acid were greater in FSBM than in SBM (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the fermentation of SBM by a mixture of B. amyloliquefaciens, L. acidophilus, and S. cerevisiae can improve its nutritional values and is a promising protein resource for broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Dietary 5-aminolevulinic acid supplementation improves growth performance, nutrient utilisation, iron status and antioxidant capacity of broilers.
- Author
-
Chen, Jiang, Chen, Zhimin, Wang, Zedong, Zheng, Aijuan, Chang, Wenhuan, Cai, Huiyi, and Liu, Guohua
- Subjects
NUTRIENT density ,IRON in the body ,IRON supplements ,OXIDANT status ,DIETARY supplements ,FERRITIN ,BLOOD proteins ,REDUCING diets - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on growth performance, blood parameters, iron status, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. A total of 600 one-day-old Arbour Acres broilers were distributed into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 20 birds by a completely randomised design. The birds in the 5 groups were fed the basal diets with 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg 5-ALA, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 60 mg/kg 5-ALA significantly reduced the feed to gain ratio during days 1–21 and days 22–42. Moreover, compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg 5-ALA elevated haemoglobin concentrations during days 1–21. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 45 and 60 mg/kg 5-ALA increased the digestibility of crude protein and decreased serum uric acid levels. At 21 days of age, dietary supplementation with 45 and 60 mg/kg 5-ALA increased liver catalase activity and decreased liver malondialdehyde concentrations, and upregulated the liver mRNA expression of ferritin light chain and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2. In addition, the liver mRNA expression of haem oxygenase-1 and divalent metal transporter were upregulated in the 60 mg/kg 5-ALA supplementation group, while the liver mRNA expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 was decreased in the 5-ALA supplementation groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 60 mg/kg 5-ALA improved the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, iron status and antioxidant capacity of 21-d-old broilers. Addition of 60 mg/kg 5-ALA to broiler diets reduced the feed to gain ratio. Addition of 45 and 60 mg/kg 5-ALA to broiler diets improved crude protein digestibility and decreased serum uric acid levels. 5-ALA exhibited antioxidant properties by enhancing the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Effects of Fermenting the Plant Fraction of a Complete Feed on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Antioxidant Functions, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broilers.
- Author
-
Sun, Haoxuan, Chen, Da, Cai, Huiyi, Chang, Wenhuan, Wang, Zedong, Liu, Guohua, Deng, Xuejuan, and Chen, Zhimin
- Subjects
MEAT quality ,GUT microbiome ,POULTRY growth ,MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids ,ENZYMES ,BROILER chickens - Abstract
Simple Summary: Fermented feed is an effective way to replace antibiotics in poultry. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different levels of fermented feeds on growth performance, nutrient utilization, antioxidant function, meat quality, and intestinal microorganisms of broilers. The current research results showed that adding 10% fermented feed significantly improved the growth performance in 1–21 days, and adding 5% fermented feed significantly improved the growth performance in 1–42 days. Adding 15% fermented feed significantly improved the metabolic rate of the birds in 19–21 days and significantly increased the monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in the chickens. Adding fermented feed significantly reduced the cholesterol content in the chickens. In a word, adding 10% fermented feed significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio in 1–21 days and adding 5% fermented feed significantly improved the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake in 1–42 days. In addition, consuming fermented feed improved the meat quality of broilers. We investigated the effects of fermenting the plant fraction of a solid complete feed (FPFF) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, meat quality, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. The plant-based fraction of the complete feed was fermented using Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis. A total of 240, 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each comprised of six replicates. The groups were fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet (basic diet) or the same diet supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% FPFF for 6 weeks. As results, adding 10% fermented feed significantly improved the growth performance in 1–21 days, and adding 5% fermented feed significantly improved the growth performance in 1–42 days. Adding 15% fermented feed significantly improved the metabolic rate of the birds in 19–21 days and significantly increased the monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in the chickens. Adding fermented feed significantly reduced the cholesterol content in the chickens. In conclusion, adding 10% fermented feed significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio in 1–21 days and adding 5% fermented feed significantly improved the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake in 1–42 days. In addition, consuming fermented feed improved the meat quality of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Bacillus subtilis Protects the Ducks from Oxidative Stress Induced by Escherichia coli : Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism.
- Author
-
Li, Chong, Li, Yang, Li, Shuzhen, Chen, Si, Liu, Guohua, Deng, Xuejuan, Chang, Wenhuan, and Cai, Huiyi
- Subjects
DUCKS ,BACILLUS subtilis ,ESCHERICHIA coli diseases ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,OXIDATIVE stress ,OXIDATIVE phosphorylation ,ANIMAL culture ,RIBOSOMES - Abstract
Bacillus subtilis has been widely used in animal husbandry as a potential alternative to antibiotics due to its excellent bacteriostasis and antioxidant activity. This study aims to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on the protection of ducks from Escherichia coli infection and its mechanism. The four experimental groups include the negative control group, positive control group, antibiotic group and Bacillus subtilis group. Ducks in positive, antibiotic and Bacillus subtilis groups are orally administered with Escherichia coli and equivalent saline solution for the negative group. The results show that supplements with Bacillus subtilis enhances the performance and health status of the infected ducks. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis alleviates the increase in globulin, LPS and MDA, and the decrease in albumin, T-AOC and T-SOD in the serum caused by Escherichia coli infection. Bacillus subtilis also attenuates injury in the intestine and partially reverses the increase in ROS production and the depletion of ATP in the jejunum. These effects are accompanied with the change of related genes of the ribosome (13.54%) and oxidative phosphorylation (6.68%). Collectively, Bacillus subtilis alleviates the damage caused by Escherichia coli infection in ducks by activating ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation signaling to regulate antioxidant and energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Control strategy for combined co-phase power supply system based on theory of control without harmonic detection and selective harmonic compensation
- Author
-
Wang, Guo, Chang, Wenhuan, Bak, Claus Leth, Zhou, Mo, and Hao, Zeyu
- Subjects
Selective harmonic compensation ,Control without harmonic detection ,Electric converters ,Co-phase compensation device ,Traction load ,Electric current control ,Combined co-phase power supply system - Abstract
The conventional control method is seriously influenced by load current detection accuracy and can't well track high-order harmonic current of high-speed traction loads, a selective harmonic current control strategy for CCD(Co-phase Compensation Device) in combined co-phase power supply system is proposed. This control strategy needs to detect only the output voltage and current of two single-phase converters but not the load current. The VPI(Vector Proportional Integral) controller is applied to independently track each harmonic current in the output current error of single-phase converter connected with load. The proposed method is not affected by the impact of load current detection accuracy, and has good performance of tracking each harmonic current of the traction loads. The conventional and modified models of combined cophase power supply system, and the model of HB-MMC4 based on proposed control strategy are established based on MATLAB/Simulink. Simulative results for AC-DC, AC-DC-AC and mixed running loads respectively verify the correctness of the proposed current control method and the effectiveness of its application in practical project.
- Published
- 2017
20. Effects of glucose oxidase on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier of ducks infected with Escherichia coliO88
- Author
-
Liu, Jiao, Liu, Guohua, Chen, Zhimin, Zheng, Aijuan, Cai, Huiyi, Chang, Wenhuan, Li, Chong, Chen, Jiang, and Wu, Zhengke
- Abstract
The negative effects of dietary antibiotics have become a widespread concern. It is imperative to search for a new type of green, safe, and efficient feed additive that can replace antibiotics. This study was to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier in ducks infected with Escherichia coliO88. First, we established the E. colichallenge model of ducks through a preliminary experiment and then carried out the formal experiment by using 144 1-day-old male lean Peking ducklings (50 ± 2.75 g). All ducks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatment groups of basal diet (control), 30 mg/kg virginiamycin (antibiotic), and 200 U/kg GOD (1,000 U/g). Each group consisted of 6 replications with 8 birds per replicate. At day 7, all ducks were orally administered 0.2 mL E coliO88 (3 × 109 cfu/mL) twice, 8 h apart based on the preliminary experiment. The experiment lasted for 28 d. Dietary supplementation with GOD improved growth performance of ducks infected with E. coli. The GOD increased contents of Ig in plasma and secreted Ig A in jejunal mucosa. The GOD group had lower concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and their upstream regulator Toll-like receptor 4 in the jejunum of ducks than the control group. Supplementation with GOD increased villus height and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. The gene expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and claudin-2) was enhanced by adding GOD. The GOD decreased intestinal permeability by reducing the concentrations of diamine oxidase and D-lactic in plasma of ducks. There were no significant differences in almost all the indices tested between the GOD and the antibiotic groups. In conclusion, supplementation of GOD improved growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier of ducks infected with E. coliO88. Glucose oxidase may serve as a promising alternative therapy to antibiotics to relieve or prevent colibacillosis in ducks.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Molecular Differences in Hepatic Metabolism between AA Broiler and Big Bone Chickens: A Proteomic Study.
- Author
-
Zheng, Aijuan, Chang, Wenhuan, Liu, Guohua, Yue, Ying, Li, Jianke, Zhang, Shu, Cai, Huiyi, Yang, Aijun, and Chen, Zhimin
- Subjects
- *
PROTEOMICS , *BROILER chickens , *CHICKEN breeds , *LIVER proteins , *ENERGY metabolism , *LIPID synthesis - Abstract
Identifying the metabolic differences in the livers of modern broilers and local chicken breeds is important for understanding their biological characteristics, and many proteomic changes in their livers are not well characterized. We therefore analyzed the hepatic protein profiles of a commercial breed, Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, and a local dual purpose breed, Big Bone chickens, using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-chip/electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 145 proteins were identified as having differential abundance in the two breeds at three growth stages. Among them, 49, 63 and 54 belonged to 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age, respectively. The higher abundance proteins in AA broilers were related to the energy production pathways suggesting enhanced energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis. In contrast, the higher abundance proteins in Big Bone chickens showed enhanced lipid degradation, resulting in a reduction in the abdominal fat percentage. Along with the decrease in fat deposition, flavor substance synthesis in the meat of the Big Bone chickens may be improved by enhanced abundance of proteins involved in glycine metabolism. In addition, the identified proteins in nucleotide metabolism, antioxidants, cell structure, protein folding and transporters may be critically important for immune defense, gene transcription and other biological processes in the two breeds. These results indicate that selection pressure may have shaped the two lines differently resulting in different hepatic metabolic capacities and extensive metabolic differences in the liver. The results from this study may help provide the theoretical basis for chicken breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Paecilomyces variotii: A Fungus Capable of Removing Ammonia Nitrogen and Inhibiting Ammonia Emission from Manure.
- Author
-
Liu, Zhiyun, Liu, Guohua, Cai, Huiyi, Shi, Pengjun, Chang, Wenhuan, Zhang, Shu, Zheng, Aijuan, Xie, Qing, and Ma, Jianshuang
- Subjects
WASTE management ,ANIMAL waste ,AMMONIA ,MONILIACEAE ,NITROGEN ,NITRIFICATION - Abstract
Ammonia (NH
3 ) emissions from animal manure are a significant environmental and public concern. Despite the numerous studies regarding NH3 emissions from manure, few of them have considered microbial nitrification approaches, especially fungal nitrification. In this study, a filamentous fungus was isolated from chicken manure and was used for nitrification. The species was Paecilomyces variotii by morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA gene sequencing. It played the biggest role in the removal of ammonium at pH 4.0–7.0, C/N ratio of 10–40, temperature of 25–37°C, shaking speed of 150 rpm, and with glucose as the available carbon source. Further analysis revealed that all ammonium was removed when the initial ammonium concentration was less than 100 mg/L; 40% ammonium was removed when the initial ammonium concentration was 1100 mg/L. The results showed that the concentration of ammonia from chicken manure with strain Paecilomyces variotii was significantly lower than that in the control group. We concluded that Paecilomyces variotii has good potential for future applications in in situ ammonium removal as well as ammonia emissions control from poultry manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Effects of dynamic segmentation of nutrient supply on growth performance and intestinal development of broilers
- Author
-
Huang, Xiangyang, Cai, Huiyi, Liu, Guohua, Yan, Haijie, Chang, Wenhuan, and Zhang, Shu
- Abstract
This experiment was to investigate the effects of dynamic segmentation of interval nutrient supply phase feeding on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune organs indexes and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 4 feeding treatments, which included 4 interval nutrient supply phases as follows. Treatment A: a nutrient supply standard was used for every 14 d. Treatment B: a nutrient supply standard was used for every 7 d. Treatment C: a nutrient supply standard was used for every 3.5 d except that one nutrient supply standard was used for d 1 to 7. Treatment D: a nutrient supply standard was used for every 3.5 d including d 1 to 7. Each treatment was represented by 8 replicates with 10 broilers per replicate. The trial lasted for 42 days. Throughout the 42 d trial period, treatment A showed significantly higher average daily gain than treatments B and C (P < 0.05). The feed:gain ratio of treatment A was significantly lower than those of treatments C and D (P < 0.05). On d 28 and 42, body weight of broilers in treatment A was much higher than those of treatments B and C (P < 0.05). The slaughter rate of treatment A was significantly higher than that of treatment B (P < 0.05). Eviscerated percentage of treatment A was significantly higher than those of treatment B and D (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among 4 treatments in immune organs indexes (P > 0.05). The crypt depth of duodenum was significantly greater in treatments A and B than in treatment C on day 42 (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C ratio) of treatment D was significantly higher than that of treatment A (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between treatments C and D in growth performance, carcass performance, immune organs indexes and intestinal structure (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed that the growth and carcass performance of broilers is the best for 14 days segmentation phase feeding, and 3.5 days segmentation interval phase feeding can promote small intestinal development of broilers. Dynamic segmentation of dietary supply fails to affect the immune function of broilers.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Effects of aflatoxins on growth performance and skeletal muscle of Cherry Valley meat male ducks
- Author
-
Chang, Wenhuan, Xie, Qing, Zheng, Aijuan, Zhang, Shu, Chen, Zhimin, Wang, Jinquan, Liu, Guohuo, and Cai, Huiyi
- Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of aflatoxins on growth performance and skeletal muscle of Cherry Valley meat male ducks as they grow and develop. One-day-old healthy meat male ducks (n = 180) were randomly divided into 2 groups; there were 6 replicates in each group and 15 ducks in each replicate. The control group was fed a basic diet, and the experimental group was fed a mold-exposed cottonseed meal diet containing aflatoxins instead of normal cottonseed meal. The experimental period was 35 days, and divided into two stages of 1 to 14 days (early stage) and 15 to 35 days (late stage). During the experimental period, live weight, breast muscle weight and thigh muscle weight of meat male ducks were measured weekly. Results showed as follows: 1) aflatoxins contained in the mold-exposed diet significantly reduced daily weight gain and feed intake, and increased feed-to-gain ratio of meat male ducks at different ages (P < 0.05); 2) the Gompertz equation (Wt = Wmexp {−exp [−B (t − t*)]}) could successfully fit the growth curve and growth and developmental patterns of skeletal muscles of Cherry Valley meat male ducks (R2 ≥ 0.97); 3) the relationship between chest muscle and live weight was the best described by a power regression and polynomial regression (R2 = 0.99); the relationship between live weight and thigh muscle weight was the best described by linear regression, polynomial regression, and power regression (R2 = 0.99); 4) aflatoxins in the mold-exposed diet significantly reduced live weight, breast muscle weight and thigh muscle weight of Cherry Valley meat male ducks at various ages; and 5) aflatoxins delayed the age at peak in growth of meat male ducks, and reduced weights at the peak for breast muscle, thigh muscle and whole body as well as the maximal daily weight gain. In summary, aflatoxins delayed growth of Cherry Valley meat male ducks and development of skeletal muscle.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Effects of dietary leucine supplementation on the gene expression of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and intestinal development of broilers
- Author
-
Chang, Yinlian, Cai, Huiyi, Liu, Guohua, Chang, Wenhuan, Zheng, Aijuan, Zhang, Shu, Liao, Ruibo, Liu, Wei, Li, Yang, and Tian, Jia
- Abstract
This experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary leucine supplementation on the gene expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and intestinal development of broilers. A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 6 replicates (16 broilers per replicate). Broilers in these treatment groups were offered the following diets with 1.37, 1.77, 2.17 and 2.57% of leucine. These diet treatments were named 1.37TM, 1.77TM, 2.17TM, and 2.57TM. The experiment lasted 21 days and all birds had free access to feed and water. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in body weight, average daily gain and average feed intake among all treatments (P > 0.05). The broiler duodenal villus height in 2.57TM was the lowest, but the highest occurred in 1.37TM on d 7 and 14 (P < 0.05). The villus height in the jejunum and ileum increased along with leucine level from 1.37 to 2.17%. The villus height of jejunum was significantly higher in 2.17TM than in 1.37TM on d 7 and 14, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C) in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased significantly (P < 0.05) on d 21. The gene expression level of mTORin the duodenum decreased with increasing leucine level and was higher in 1.37TM than in 2.57TM on d 7 and 14 (P < 0.05). On d 14 and 21 of the trial, the expression of S6K1in the duodenum was higher in 1.37TM than in 2.57TM (P < 0.05), and the expression of mTOR, S6K1in the jejunum and ileum increased with increasing leucine level form 1.37 to 2.17%, whereas a significant difference occurred between 1.37TM and 2.17TM (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of leucine fails to enhance the growth performance of broilers. However, leucine can improve intestinal development by enhancing villus height and V:C ratio in the jejunum and ileum. Moreover, the expression of mTOR, S6K1increased as the level of dietary leucine was elevated from 1.37 to 2.17%.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophiluson the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coliO157
- Author
-
Wu, Zhengke, Yang, Kexin, Zhang, Anrong, Chang, Wenhuan, Zheng, Aijuan, Chen, Zhimin, Cai, Huiyi, and Liu, Guohua
- Abstract
We studied the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus(L. acidophilus) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and immune response of broilers challenged with Escherichia coliO157 (E. Coli). A total of 360 1-day-old Cobb male broilers were tested in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 dietary L. acidophiluslevels (0, 5 × 108CFU/kg, and 10 × 108CFU/kg of diet) and 2 disease challenge treatments (control or E. colichallenged). Results showed that E. colichallenge decreased the ADG, ADFI, and BW of broilers from 15 to 21 d (P< 0.05), increased the jejunum intestinal wall thickness, and significantly increased the mortality rate. E. colichallenge significantly (P< 0.05) decreased the serum IgA and IgM contents and peripheral blood CD3+ T cell counts (P< 0.05), increased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, IL-1β in the jejunum and iNOS in the spleen, and downregulated the occludin and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the ileum at 21 d compared with uninfected birds (P< 0.05). Dietary L. acidophilussupplementation consistently showed higher BW, ADG, ADFI, and jejunum and ileum V:C ratio at 14 d and 21 d in the presence and absence of E. colichallenge (P< 0.05). L. acidophilussupplementation reduced the mortality rate caused by E. colichallenge (P< 0.05), decreased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 14 d and 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum, and downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, and IL-1β in the jejunum in E. colichallenged birds at 21 d (P< 0.05). Dietary supplementation with L. acidophiluscan improve the growth performance, intestinal health, and survival of broilers challenged with E. coli.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Stress Associated with Simulated Transport, Changes Serum Biochemistry, Postmortem Muscle Metabolism, and Meat Quality of Broilers.
- Author
-
Zheng, Aijuan, Lin, Shumei, Pirzado, Shoaib Ahmed, Chen, Zhimin, Chang, Wenhuan, Cai, Huiyi, and Liu, Guohua
- Subjects
MEAT quality ,MUSCLE metabolism ,GLUTATHIONE peroxidase ,NITRIC-oxide synthases ,BIOCHEMISTRY ,HEAT shock proteins ,LACTATE dehydrogenase - Abstract
Simple Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the transportation on broilers through the use of a vibration and motion simulation machine. Short-term transport stress induced significant physiological changes in broiler chickens. Simulation of the vibration and motion associated transport for 2 h altered hormonal secretion and blood biochemical characteristics. However, after 4 h, the birds appear to regain homeostatic equilibrium. Despite this, the stress activated antioxidant defenses, acidified muscles and increased peroxidation, as well as decreasing the meat quality of broilers. This study supports and extends previous work that identified transportation as a major risk in relation to bird welfare and meat quality. Many factors contribute to the stress of transporting broilers from the farm to the processing plant. Using a motion simulation machine, a total of 144 male broilers were employed to determine the effect of motion, vibration, and feed withdrawal during transportation on serum biochemical parameters, postmortem muscle metabolism, and meat quality of broilers. The results indicated that transportation did not affect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and glucose in the serum, glutathione peroxidase in the breast and thigh muscle, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the breast, and heat stress protein 70 mRNA expression level in the liver (p > 0.05). Serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin concentration declined with 2 h transportation (p < 0.05) and recovered with 4 h transportation (p < 0.05). NOS concentration in the thigh increased with 2 h transportation (p < 0.05) and recovered with 4 h transportation (p < 0.05). Two-hour and 4 h transportation increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in both muscles. Malondialdehyde, lactic acid, and drip loss
24 h in both thigh and breast muscles increased, and glycogen in both muscles decreased with increasing transportation times (p < 0.05). Two-hour transportation did not influence pH45 min and pH24 h in the breast and thigh muscle, but these indexes decreased with 4 h transportation. This experiment supports and extends previous work that identified transportation as a major risk in relation to bird welfare and meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Enterococcus faecium Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization.
- Author
-
Wang, Weiwei, Cai, Huiyi, Zhang, Anrong, Chen, Zhimin, Chang, Wenhuan, Liu, Guohua, Deng, Xuejuan, Bryden, Wayne L., and Zheng, Aijuan
- Subjects
ENTEROCOCCUS faecium ,GUT microbiome ,ENTEROCOCCUS ,SHORT-chain fatty acids ,CHICKENS ,BONES ,BONE growth ,BACTERIAL metabolism - Abstract
Simple Summary: Bone health is an important factor in broiler production. Among the key nutrients affecting bone health, phosphorus (P) plays a great role. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as feed additive to promote growth performance of broilers. There were reports suggesting that E. faecium improved skeletal health of rats. However, the effect of E. faecium on the bones of broilers remains unclear. The present study is to investigate the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and the associated changes in the gut microbiota. Dietary inclusion with E. faecium did not improve broiler performance in this study but improved P absorption and bone mineralization. In E. faecium-treated broilers, the expression of intestinal type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NaP-IIb) mRNA was upregulated and the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase was increased. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed the gut microbiota populations of broilers and increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria. The changed populations of microbiota improved intestinal P absorption and bone forming metabolic activities. In conclusion, dietary inclusion with E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers. Modern broiler chickens have ongoing bone health problems. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in bone development and increased understanding of P metabolism should improve the skeletal health of broilers. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as a probiotic in broiler production and is shown to improve skeletal health of rats, but its effect on the bones of broilers remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and the associated changes in the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium improved P absorption through upregulation of the expression of intestinal NaP-IIb mRNA and increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase. These actions increased P retention and bone mineralization in E. faecium-treated broilers. The positive effects of E. faecium on P metabolism were associated with changes in the populations of the intestinal microbiota. There was increased relative abundance of the following genera, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Rikenella and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed gut microbiota populations of broilers, increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria, improved intestinal P absorption and bone forming metabolic activities, and decreased P excretion. E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in skeletal muscle of neonatal chicks: Effects of dietary leucine and age.
- Author
-
Deng, Huiling, Zheng, Aijuan, Liu, Guohua, Chang, Wenhuan, Zhang, Shu, and Cai, Huiyi
- Subjects
- *
RAPAMYCIN , *SKELETAL muscle , *POULTRY feeding , *LEUCINE , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *MUSCLE proteins , *BIRDS - Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is necessary for cellular protein synthesis regulation. Leucine was reported to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in mammalian embryos and neonates, but in higher animals (chickens) the effect of dietary leucine on mTOR signaling is unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of dietary leucine and age on mRNA expression and phosphorylation of mTOR as well as its downstream targets, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in chick pectoral muscles. One hundred eighty newly hatched male chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary leucine treatment groups (1.43, 1.73, and 2.03% leucine) for 14 d, respectively. Each treatment group consisted of 6 cages with 10 chicks each. On d 3, 7, and 14, plasma insulin and leucine were measured and target gene expression and phosphorylation was assessed. Dietary leucine influenced plasma leucine but not insulin, and plasma leucine and insulin declined with chick age. The mTOR, S6K1, and 4E-BP1 mRNA expression and phosphorylation within chick pectoral muscles were upregulated with increased dietary leucine but downregulated with increased chick age. Thus, high dietary leucine activates target of rapamycin signaling pathways in skeletal muscle of neonatal chicks to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and this pathway is attenuated with aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Evaluation of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein as a new protein source for broiler chickens in replacement of soybean meal.
- Author
-
Chen X, Zheng A, Shoaib AP, Chen Z, Qiu K, Wang Z, Chang W, Cai H, and Liu G
- Abstract
Objective: The object of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) in broiler diets on growth performance, blood indicators, antioxidant capacity, and immune function., Methods: A total of 180 Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into three treatments, each treatment with six replicates and 10 broilers per replicate for a 42-day feeding trial. The control group (CON) was fed corn-soybean meal based diet. The CAP-1 and CAP-2 groups were considered to use CAP to replace 25% or 50% of soybean meal in the diet, respectively. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers at 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 1 to 42 d were measured, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. At the 42nd day of age, two broilers with similar weights and fasted for 12 h were selected in each replicate for blood collection from the brachial wing vein. The blood routine indicators, serum biochemical indicators, serum antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broiler chickens were measured., Results: Replacement of soybean meal with 25% (CAP-1) and 50% (CAP-2) CAP significantly increased the average daily gain of 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d and decreased the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate (p<0.05). The CAP-1 group, and CAP-2 group significantly increased hemoglobulin in the blood of broilers, while the CAP-2 group increased hematocrit content (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of superoxide dismutase and immunoglobulin A in serum of the CAP-2 group were significantly increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde in CAP group were significantly decreased (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Replacing soybean meal with CAP led to significant improvements in the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broilers.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effects of Selenium Dietary Yeast on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Selenium Deposition in Broiler Chickens.
- Author
-
Liu J, Wang Z, Li C, Chen Z, Zheng A, Chang W, Liu G, and Cai H
- Abstract
Selenium (Se) yeast, a bioavailable form of selenium, exhibits enhanced bioavailability due to its unique organic matrix and superior metabolic availability compared to the inorganic selenium sources. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se yeast on the growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in broiler chickens. A total of 264 1-day-old male AA broilers (38.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with six replicates of 11 chickens per replicate. The broilers were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg Se yeast. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Although the results showed that Se yeast did not significantly improve the growth performance of broilers, it did significantly decrease the abdominal fat ratio. Additionally, supplementation of Se yeast significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. The quadratic regression models were used to simulate the relationship between Se content in the feed and Se deposition in broiler tissues. The regression equations were as follows: pectoral muscle, Y = 2.628X - 0.340X
2 - 0.592 (R2 = 0.927); leg muscle, Y = 2.317X - 0.272X2 - 0.490 (R2 = 0.937); liver, Y = 3.357X - 0.453X2 - 0.493 (R2 = 0.961); kidney, Y = 4.084X - 0.649X2 + 0.792 (R2 = 0.932). Based on these findings, the Se deposition in broiler tissues can be predicted by the Se content of the additive, which is of great significance for the precise production of Se-enriched functional chicken products.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Evaluation of the Application Value of Cottonseed Protein Concentrate as a Feed Protein Source in Broiler Chickens.
- Author
-
Chen X, Zhao M, Zheng A, Purba A, Chen Z, Qiu K, Wang Z, Chang W, Cai H, and Liu G
- Abstract
Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) has the function of replacing soybean meal to maintain normal animal growth and development. This study involved 180 Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, which were randomly assigned to three different treatments. Each treatment had six replicates, with each replicate consisting of 10 chicks. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the CPC-1 and CPC-2 groups used CPC to replace 25% and 50% of the soybean meal in the basal diet, respectively. The study showed that replacing soybean meal with 25% CPC in broilers' diets can maintain normal growth, while substituting 50% of soybean meal with CPC negatively affects the growth and development of broiler chickens. Furthermore, the CPC-1 group showed a significant increase in serum total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, and immunoglobulin content, along with a decrease in malondialdehyde content. Based on the research results mentioned above, it was speculated that CPC has the potential to replace around 25% of soybean meal in broiler feed without causing any negative impact on growth performance. This suggests that CPC could be a viable alternative to soybean meal in broiler diet.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Effects of Fermenting the Plant Fraction of a Complete Feed on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Antioxidant Functions, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broilers.
- Author
-
Sun H, Chen D, Cai H, Chang W, Wang Z, Liu G, Deng X, and Chen Z
- Abstract
We investigated the effects of fermenting the plant fraction of a solid complete feed (FPFF) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, meat quality, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. The plant-based fraction of the complete feed was fermented using Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis . A total of 240, 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each comprised of six replicates. The groups were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet (basic diet) or the same diet supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% FPFF for 6 weeks. As results, adding 10% fermented feed significantly improved the growth performance in 1-21 days, and adding 5% fermented feed significantly improved the growth performance in 1-42 days. Adding 15% fermented feed significantly improved the metabolic rate of the birds in 19-21 days and significantly increased the monounsaturated fatty acid concentration in the chickens. Adding fermented feed significantly reduced the cholesterol content in the chickens. In conclusion, adding 10% fermented feed significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio in 1-21 days and adding 5% fermented feed significantly improved the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake in 1-42 days. In addition, consuming fermented feed improved the meat quality of broilers.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Escherichia coli O88 induces intestinal damage and inflammatory response through the oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome pathway in Pekin ducks.
- Author
-
Li C, Li S, Liu J, Cai H, Liu G, Deng X, and Chang W
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Diet, Dietary Supplements, Male, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Ribosomes, Ducks, Escherichia coli
- Abstract
Colibacillosis is one of the major health threats in the poultry industry worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Escherichia coli -induced inflammatory response may lead to the development of new therapies to combat the disease. To address this, a total of 96 1-day-old male lean Pekin ducklings were employed and randomly allocated to two treatments, each with six replicates of eight ducks. Ducks in the experiment group (EG) and the control group (CG) were separately orally administered with 0.2 ml of pathogenic E. coli O88 (3 × 10
9 CFU/ml) or equivalent volumes of 0.9% sterile saline solution on day 7, two times with an 8-h interval. Serum and intestinal samples were collected on days 9, 14, and 28. Results showed that ducks challenged with E. coli had lower average daily gain and higher feed intake/weight gain during days 9-14 and overall ( P < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that E. coli decreased the villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in the jejunum ( P < 0.05) on days 9 and 14. The intestinal barrier was disrupted, presenting in E. coli ducks having higher serum DAO and D-LA on days 9 and 14 ( P < 0.05) and greater content of serum LPS on day 9 ( P < 0.05). Escherichia coli infection also triggered a systemic inflammatory response including the decrease of the serum IgA, IgM, and jejunal sIgA on day 14 ( P < 0.05). In addition to these, 1,062 differentially expressed genes were detected in the jejunum tissues of ducks by RNA-seq, consisting of 491 upregulated and 571 downregulated genes. Based on the KEGG database, oxidative phosphorylation and the ribosome pathway were the most enriched. These findings reveal the candidate pathways and genes that may be involved in E. coli infection, allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of inflammation progression and may facilitate the genetic improvement of ducks, and provide further insights to tackle the drug sensitivity and animal welfare issues., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Li, Li, Liu, Cai, Liu, Deng and Chang.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli O157.
- Author
-
Wu Z, Yang K, Zhang A, Chang W, Zheng A, Chen Z, Cai H, and Liu G
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Chickens, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements, Immunity, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Male, Escherichia coli O157, Probiotics
- Abstract
We studied the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and immune response of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli O157 (E. Coli). A total of 360 1-day-old Cobb male broilers were tested in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 dietary L. acidophilus levels (0, 5 × 10
8 CFU/kg, and 10 × 108 CFU/kg of diet) and 2 disease challenge treatments (control or E. coli challenged). Results showed that E. coli challenge decreased the ADG, ADFI, and BW of broilers from 15 to 21 d (P < 0.05), increased the jejunum intestinal wall thickness, and significantly increased the mortality rate. E. coli challenge significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the serum IgA and IgM contents and peripheral blood CD3+ T cell counts (P < 0.05), increased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, IL-1β in the jejunum and iNOS in the spleen, and downregulated the occludin and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the ileum at 21 d compared with uninfected birds (P < 0.05). Dietary L. acidophilus supplementation consistently showed higher BW, ADG, ADFI, and jejunum and ileum V:C ratio at 14 d and 21 d in the presence and absence of E. coli challenge (P < 0.05). L. acidophilus supplementation reduced the mortality rate caused by E. coli challenge (P < 0.05), decreased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 14 d and 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum, and downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, and IL-1β in the jejunum in E. coli challenged birds at 21 d (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with L. acidophilus can improve the growth performance, intestinal health, and survival of broilers challenged with E. coli., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Stress Associated with Simulated Transport, Changes Serum Biochemistry, Postmortem Muscle Metabolism, and Meat Quality of Broilers.
- Author
-
Zheng A, Lin S, Pirzado SA, Chen Z, Chang W, Cai H, and Liu G
- Abstract
Many factors contribute to the stress of transporting broilers from the farm to the processing plant. Using a motion simulation machine, a total of 144 male broilers were employed to determine the effect of motion, vibration, and feed withdrawal during transportation on serum biochemical parameters, postmortem muscle metabolism, and meat quality of broilers. The results indicated that transportation did not affect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and glucose in the serum, glutathione peroxidase in the breast and thigh muscle, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the breast, and heat stress protein 70 mRNA expression level in the liver ( p > 0.05). Serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin concentration declined with 2 h transportation ( p < 0.05) and recovered with 4 h transportation ( p < 0.05). NOS concentration in the thigh increased with 2 h transportation ( p < 0.05) and recovered with 4 h transportation ( p < 0.05). Two-hour and 4 h transportation increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in both muscles. Malondialdehyde, lactic acid, and drip loss
24 h in both thigh and breast muscles increased, and glycogen in both muscles decreased with increasing transportation times ( p < 0.05). Two-hour transportation did not influence pH45 min and pH24 h in the breast and thigh muscle, but these indexes decreased with 4 h transportation. This experiment supports and extends previous work that identified transportation as a major risk in relation to bird welfare and meat quality.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Enterococcus faecium Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization.
- Author
-
Wang W, Cai H, Zhang A, Chen Z, Chang W, Liu G, Deng X, Bryden WL, and Zheng A
- Abstract
Modern broiler chickens have ongoing bone health problems. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in bone development and increased understanding of P metabolism should improve the skeletal health of broilers. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as a probiotic in broiler production and is shown to improve skeletal health of rats, but its effect on the bones of broilers remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and the associated changes in the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium improved P absorption through upregulation of the expression of intestinal NaP-IIb mRNA and increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase. These actions increased P retention and bone mineralization in E. faecium -treated broilers. The positive effects of E. faecium on P metabolism were associated with changes in the populations of the intestinal microbiota. There was increased relative abundance of the following genera, Alistipes , Eubacterium , Rikenella and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella . Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed gut microbiota populations of broilers, increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria, improved intestinal P absorption and bone forming metabolic activities, and decreased P excretion. E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Probiotic (Enterococcus faecium) induced responses of the hepatic proteome improves metabolic efficiency of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus).
- Author
-
Zheng A, Luo J, Meng K, Li J, Bryden WL, Chang W, Zhang S, Wang LX, Liu G, and Yao B
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens genetics, Computational Biology methods, Gene Ontology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Protein Binding, Protein Interaction Mapping, Reproducibility of Results, Chickens metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Liver metabolism, Probiotics, Proteome, Proteomics methods
- Abstract
Background: The liver plays important roles in nutrient metabolism, detoxification and immunity. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a probiotic that has been shown to have positive effects on broiler production. However, its molecular effects on liver metabolism have not been characterized. This study aims to further identify the biological roles of E. faecium by characterizing the hepatic proteomic changes of broilers (Gallus gallus) fed E. faecium using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS)., Results: Thirty-three proteins (50 protein spots) involved in nutrient metabolism, immunity and the antioxidant system were shown to be differentially expressed in the liver of broilers fed E. faecium than from birds not fed the probiotic. The biological processes of sulphur amino acids, vitamin and cellular hormone metabolism, sulphur compound biosynthesis and protein tetramerization were enhanced in the liver of broilers fed E. faecium. However, proteins involved in calcium ion flux, cell redox homeostasis and platelet activation related to hepatic immune responses were down-regulated in broilers fed E. faecium. These results indicate that the supplementation of poultry feed with E. faecium may alter the partitioning of nutrients and promote optimal nutrient utilization., Conclusions: This study assists in unraveling the molecular effects of the dietary probiotic, E. faecium, in the liver of broiler chickens. It shows that the probiotic improves the metabolism of nutrients and decreases inflammatory responses. Our findings extend previous knowledge of the mechanism of dietary probiotic action and provide new findings for research and future probiotic development.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.