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Objective To explore the mechanisms of transcription factor circadian locomalor output cycles kaput(CLOCK) in mediating regulatory function of endogenous hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) for cell respiration. Methods Cellular oxygen consumption capacity and glycolysis in ClockC195S mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and adult fibroblasts(MAFs) were tested by Agilent Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test Kit and Glycolysis Stress Test Kit. The expression of key genes participating in cell respiration was detected by q-PCR. The endogenous H2O2 levels and the redox modification of CLOCK were detected by Amplex® Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit and biotin-conjugated iodoacetamide (BIAM) were used respectively after the treatment of antioxidant Trolox. Changes in the oxygen consumption capacity and in key respiratory gene expression after the treatment of antioxidant Trolox were also tested in Clockwt and ClockC195S MEFs. Results Cellular oxygen consumption capacity, glycolysis and the expression of NMNAT2, a key enzyme in nicotinamide adenine denudeotide(NAD) biosynthesis, as well as NAD content all decreased in ClockC195S MEFs. The treatment with Trolox decreased endogenous H2O2 level and dampened respiration capacity in Clockwt MEFs but not in ClockC195S MEFs. Conclusions CLOCK mediates the regulation of endogenous H2O2 for cellular respiration through its redox modification at Cys195.

Objective To explore the changes in root volume and root resorption in incisor arteries from adult patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion before and after camouflaged orthodontic treatment and to provide a reference for the clinic. Methods Thirty permanent dentition adult patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were included from the Orthodontic Department. CBCT data of each patient at pretreatment and posttreatment were acquired, and 3D digital root models were reconstructed. The whole and segmented root volumes (cervical part, bodily part and apical part) of the right incisors were calculated. Results The root volumes (whole, cervical part, bodily part and apical part) posttreatment were smaller than those pretreatment (P0.05). Mandibular central incisors and lateral incisors showed more root resorption in the apical root than in the cervical root and bodily root (P0.05). The absorption ratio showed a significant difference in the mandibular lateral incisors (P = 0.028). Conclusion After camouflaged orthodontic treatment of adult skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion, incisor root resorption occurred mainly in the apical part, but the cervical and bodily parts should also be considered. There was a high risk of root resorption in the mandibular incisors.

To enhance the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) resistance of FeCoNiCrMn high entropy alloy (HEAs), a series of FexCu(1−x)CoNiCrMn (x = 1, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25) HEAs were prepared. Microstructural characteristics, corrosion behavior (morphology observation and electrochemical properties), and antimicrobial performance of FexCu(1−x)CoNiCrMn HEAs were evaluated in a medium inoculated with typical corrosive microorganism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim was to identify copper-containing FeCoNiCrMn HEAs that balance corrosion resistance and antimicrobial properties. Results revealed that all FexCu(1−x)CoNiCrMn (x = 1, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25) HEAs exhibited an FCC (face centered cubic) phase, with significant grain refinement observed in Fe0.75Cu0.25CoNiCrMn HEA. Electrochemical tests indicated that Fe0.75Cu0.25CoNiCrMn HEA demonstrated lower corrosion current density (icorr) and pitting potential (Epit) compared to other FexCu(1−x)CoNiCrMn HEAs in P. aeruginosa-inoculated medium, exhibiting superior resistance to MIC. Anti-microbial tests showed that after 14 d of immersion, Fe0.75Cu0.25CoNiCrMn achieved an antibacterial rate of 89.5%, effectively inhibiting the adhesion and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, thereby achieving resistance to MIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cognitive deficit is common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we aimed to investigate the modular architecture of functional networks associated with distinct cognitive states in TLE patients together with the role of the thalamus in modular networks. Methods: Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 53 TLE patients and 37 matched healthy controls. All patients received the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and accordingly were divided into TLE patients with normal cognition (TLE‐CN, n = 35) and TLE patients with cognitive impairment (TLE‐CI, n = 18) groups. The modular properties of functional networks were calculated and compared including global modularity Q, modular segregation index, intramodular connections, and intermodular connections. Thalamic subdivisions corresponding to the modular networks were generated by applying a 'winner‐take‐all' strategy before analyzing the modular properties (participation coefficient and within‐module degree z‐score) of each thalamic subdivision to assess the contribution of the thalamus to modular functional networks. Relationships between network properties and cognitive performance were then further explored. Results: Both TLE‐CN and TLE‐CI patients showed lower global modularity, as well as lower modular segregation index values for the ventral attention network and the default mode network. However, different patterns of intramodular and intermodular connections existed for different cognitive states. In addition, both TLE‐CN and TLE‐CI patients exhibited anomalous modular properties of functional thalamic subdivisions, with TLE‐CI patients presenting a broader range of abnormalities. Cognitive performance in TLE‐CI patients was not related to the modular properties of functional network but rather to the modular properties of functional thalamic subdivisions. Conclusions: The thalamus plays a prominent role in modular networks and potentially represents a key neural mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in TLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]