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3. Absence of Friedel oscillations in the entanglement entropy profile of one-dimensional intrinsically gapless topological phases

Author

Chang, Shun-Chiao and Hosur, Pavan

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Topological quantum matter is typically associated with gapped phases and edge modes protected by the bulk gap. In contrast, recent work (Phys. Rev. B 104, 075132) proposed intrinsically gapless topological phases that, in one dimension, carry protected edge modes only when the bulk is a gapless Luttinger liquid. The edge modes of such a topological Luttinger liquid (TLL) descend from a nonlocal string order that is forbidden in gapped phases and whose precise form depends on the symmetry class of the system. In this work, we propose a powerful and unbiased entanglement-based smoking gun signature of the TLL. In particular, we show that the entanglement entropy profile of a TLL lacks Friedel oscillations that are invariably present in other gapless one dimensional phases such as ordinary Luttinger liquids, and argue that their absence is closely related to a long-ranged string order which is an intrinsic property of the TLL. Crucially, such a diagnostic is more robust against numerical errors and relatively easier to measure in experiments as it relies on the entanglement entropy rather than entanglement spectrum, unlike the entanglement-based diagnostics of gapped topological phases in one dimension., Comment: References added

Published
2022

4. Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking without magnetism in a $S=1$ chain

Author

Chang, Shun-Chiao and Hosur, Pavan

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

States of matter that break time-reversal symmetry are invariably associated with magnetism or circulating currents. Recently, one of us proposed a phase, the directional scalar spin chiral order (DSSCO), as an exception: it breaks time-reversal symmetry via chiral ordering of spins along a particular direction, but is spin-rotation symmetric. In this work, we prove the existence of this state via state-of-the-art density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) analysis on a spin-1 chain with nearest-neighbor bilinear-biquadratic interactions and additional third-neighbor ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange. Despite the large entanglement introduced by the third-neighbor coupling, we are able to access system sizes up to $L=918$ sites. We find first order phase transitions from the DSSCO into the famous Haldane phase as well as a spin-quadrupolar phase where spin nematic correlations dominate. In the Haldane phase, we propose and demonstrate a method for detecting the topological edge states using DMRG that could be useful for other topological phases too.

Published
2019
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7. Revisiting mendelian randomization studies of the effect of body mass index on depression

Author

Walter, Stefan, Kubzansky, Laura D, Koenen, Karestan C, Liang, Liming, Tchetgen, Eric J Tchetgen, Cornelis, Marilyn C, Chang, Shun‐Chiao, Rimm, Eric, Kawachi, Ichiro, and Glymour, M Maria

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Depression, Prevention, Mental Health, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Body Mass Index, Female, Genotype, Humans, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, obesity, adiposity, genetic, FTO, causation, instrumental variable analysis, Adiposity, Causation, Genetic, Instrumental variable analysis, Obesity, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Mendelian Randomization studies, which use genetic instrumental variables (IVs) as quasi-experiments to estimate causal effects, report inconsistent findings regarding effects of body mass index (BMI) on mental health. We used genetic IV to estimate effects of BMI on depression and evaluated validity of a commonly used IV. Female Nurse's Health Study participants (n=6989, average age 56.4, [Standard Deviation 6.91] years at first depression assessment) self-reported BMI, which was averaged across eight reports prior to depression assessment (mean=24.96, SD 4.50). Genetic instruments included fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) alleles, melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) alleles, and polygenic risk scores based on 32 established polymorphisms for BMI. Depression was assessed using multiple symptom measures, scaled to the Geriatric Depression Scale 15, averaged across up to 7 biennial waves. We used over-identification tests to assess the validity of genetic IVs. In conventional estimates, each additional BMI point predicted 0.024 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.020-0.029) higher average depression scores. Genetic IV estimates were not significant when based on FTO (beta: 0.064, CI: -0.014, 0.142), MC4R (beta: 0.005, CI: -0.146, 0.156), polygenic score excluding FTO (beta=-0.003, 95%-CI -0.051, 0.045), or mechanism-specific scores. The over-identification test comparing IV estimates based on FTO to estimates based on the polygenic score excluding FTO rejected equality of estimated effects (P=0.014). Results provide no evidence against a null effect of BMI on depression and call into question validity of FTO as an instrument for BMI in Mendelian Randomization studies.

Published
2015

26. Trends in characteristics and outcomes among US adults hospitalised with COVID-19 throughout 2020: an observational cohort study

Author

Page, John H, primary, Londhe, Ajit A, additional, Brooks, Corinne, additional, Zhang, Jie, additional, Sprafka, J Michael, additional, Bennett, Corina, additional, Braunlin, Megan, additional, Brown, Carolyn A, additional, Charuworn, Prista, additional, Cheng, Alvan, additional, Gill, Karminder, additional, He, Fang, additional, Ma, Junjie, additional, Petersen, Jeffrey, additional, Ayodele, Olulade, additional, Bao, Ying, additional, Carlson, Katherine B, additional, Chang, Shun-Chiao, additional, Devercelli, Giovanna, additional, Jonsson-Funk, Michele, additional, Jiang, Jenny, additional, Keenan, Hillary A, additional, Ren, Kaili, additional, Roehl, Kimberly A, additional, Sanders, Lynn, additional, Wang, Luyang, additional, Wei, Zhongyuan, additional, Xia, Qian, additional, Yu, Peter, additional, Zhou, Linyun, additional, Zhu, Julia, additional, Gondek, Kathleen, additional, Critchlow, Cathy W, additional, and Bradbury, Brian D, additional

Published
2022
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28. Global Incidence and Prevalence of Gaucher Disease: A Targeted Literature Review.

Author

Castillon, Genaro, Chang, Shun-Chiao, and Moride, Yola

Subjects
*GAUCHER'S disease, *DISEASE prevalence, *RARE diseases, *CROSS-sectional method
Abstract

Incidence and prevalence estimates for Gaucher disease (GD) are scarce for this rare disease and can be variable within the same region. This review provides a qualitative synthesis of global GD incidence and prevalence estimates, GD1–3 type-specific and overall, published in the last 10 years. A targeted literature search was conducted across multiple databases from January 2011 to September 2020, including web-based sources and congress proceedings to May 2021. Searches yielded 490 publications, with 31 analyzed: 20 cohort studies (15 prospective, 5 retrospective), 6 cross-sectional studies, 5 online reports (most from Europe (n = 11) or North America (n = 11); one multiregional). Across all GD types, incidence estimates ranged 0.45–25.0/100,000 live births (16 studies), lowest for Asia-Pacific. Incidence of GD1: 0.45–22.9/100,000 live births (Europe and North America) and GD3: 1.36/100,000 live births (Asia-Pacific only). GD type-specific prevalence estimates per 100,000 population were GD1: 0.26–0.63; GD2 and GD3: 0.02–0.08 (Europe only); estimates for GD type unspecified or overall ranged 0.11–139.0/100,000 inhabitants (17 studies), highest for North America. Generalizability was assessed as "adequate"or "intermediate" for all regions with data. GD incidence and prevalence estimates for the last 10 years varied considerably between regions and were poorly documented outside Europe and North America. Data for GD2 and GD3 were limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Production experiences and market structure in R&D competition

Author

Chang, Shun-Chiao and Wu, Ho-Mou

Subjects
Game theory, Business, Economics
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2004.12.001 Byline: Shun-Chiao Chang (a), Ho-Mou Wu (b) Abstract: In the R&D race the incumbent enjoys an advantage of learning from production experiences, but this important feature has not been incorporated into existing studies. Assuming that the technological knowledge is accumulated not only by R&D expenditures but also by production experiences, we study the properties of optimal investment strategies in a model with an incumbent and many identical challengers. After proving the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium in the R&D race, we demonstrate analytically that the likelihood of persistent leadership increases with production experiences of the incumbent but decreases with the number of challengers. Numerical analyses also establish that (i) the challengers always invest more than the incumbent and the difference increases with production experiences, the flow of monopoly profits and the number of challengers; and (ii) the likelihood of persistent leadership increases with the value of being the winner and the value of being a loser but decreases with expected waiting time of R&D innovation and the flow of monopoly profits. However, destructive innovations may still occur even when production experiences are allowed to play an important role in the R&D competition. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Economics, National Chi-Nan University, Taiwan (b) School of Management, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Article History: Received 15 January 2004; Accepted 8 December 2004

Published
2006

37. A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism

Author

Weiss, Lauren A., Arking, Dan E., Daly, Mark J., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Brune, Camille W., West, Kristen, O’Connor, Ashley, Hilton, Gina, Tomlinson, Rebecca L., West, Andrew B., Cook, Edwin H., Jr, Green, Todd, Chang, Shun-Chiao, Gabriel, Stacey, Gates, Casey, Hanson, Ellen M., Kirby, Andrew, Korn, Joshua, Kuruvilla, Finny, McCarroll, Steven, Morrow, Eric M., Neale, Benjamin, Purcell, Shaun, Sasanfar, Roksana, Sougnez, Carrie, Stevens, Christine, Altshuler, David, Gusella, James, Santangelo, Susan L., Sklar, Pamela, Tanzi, Rudolph, Anney, Richard, Bailey, Anthony J., Baird, Gillian, Battaglia, Agatino, Berney, Tom, Betancur, Catalina, Bölte, Sven, Bolton, Patrick F., Brian, Jessica, Bryson, Susan E., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Cabrito, Ines, Cai, Guiqing, Cantor, Rita M., Coon, Hilary, Conroy, Judith, Correia, Catarina, Corsello, Christina, Crawford, Emily L., Cuccaro, Michael L., Dawson, Geraldine, de Jonge, Maretha, Devlin, Bernie, Duketis, Eftichia, Ennis, Sean, Estes, Annette, Farrar, Penny, Fombonne, Eric, Freitag, Christine M., Gallagher, Louise, Geschwind, Daniel H., Gilbert, John, Gill, Michael, Gillberg, Christopher, Goldberg, Jeremy, Green, Andrew, Green, Jonathan, Guter, Stephen J., Haines, Jonathan L., Hallmayer, Joachim F., Hus, Vanessa, Klauck, Sabine M., Korvatska, Olena, Lamb, Janine A., Laskawiec, Magdalena, Leboyer, Marion, Le Couteur, Ann, Leventhal, Bennett L., Liu, Xiao-Qing, Lord, Catherine, Lotspeich, Linda J., Maestrini, Elena, Magalhaes, Tiago, Mahoney, William, Mantoulan, Carine, McConachie, Helen, McDougle, Christopher J., McMahon, William M., Marshall, Christian R., Miller, Judith, Minshew, Nancy J., Monaco, Anthony P., Munson, Jeff, Nurnberger, John I., Jr, Oliveira, Guiomar, Pagnamenta, Alistair, Papanikolaou, Katerina, Parr, Jeremy R., Paterson, Andrew D., Pericak-Vance, Margaret A., Pickles, Andrew, Pinto, Dalila, Piven, Joseph, Posey, David J., Poustka, Annemarie, Poustka, Fritz, Regan, Regina, Reichert, Jennifer, Renshaw, Katy, Roberts, Wendy, Roge, Bernadette, Rutter, Michael L., Salt, Jeff, Schellenberg, Gerard D., Scherer, Stephen W., Sheffield, Val, Sutcliffe, James S., Szatmari, Peter, Tansey, Katherine, Thompson, Ann P., Tsiantis, John, Van Engeland, Herman, Vicente, Astrid M., Vieland, Veronica J., Volkmar, Fred, Wallace, Simon, Wassink, Thomas H., Wijsman, Ellen M., Wing, Kirsty, Wittemeyer, Kerstin, Yaspan, Brian L., Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie, Yoo, Seung-Yun, Sean Hill, Robert, Mukaddes, Nahit M., Balkhy, Soher, Gascon, Generoso, Al-Saad, Samira, Hashmi, Asif, Ware, Janice, Joseph, Robert M., LeClair, Elaine, Partlow, Jennifer N., Barry, Brenda, Walsh, Christopher A., Pauls, David, Moilanen, Irma, Ebeling, Hanna, Mattila, Marja-Leena, Kuusikko, Sanna, Jussila, Katja, Ignatius, Jaakko, Tolouei, Ala, Ghadami, Majid, Rostami, Maryam, Hosseinipour, Azam, Valujerdi, Maryam, Andresen, Kara, Winkloski, Brian, Haddad, Stephen, Kunkel, Lou, Kohane, Zak, Tran, Tram, Won Kong, Sek, O’Neil, Stephanie Brewster, Hundley, Rachel, Holm, Ingrid, Peters, Heather, Baroni, Elizabeth, Cangialose, Aislyn, Jackson, Lindsay, Albers, Lisa, Becker, Ronald, Bridgemohan, Carolyn, Friedman, Sandra, Munir, Kerim, Nazir, Ramzi, Palfrey, Judith, Schonwald, Alison, Simmons, Esau, Rappaport, Leonard A., Gauthier, Julie, Mottron, Laurent, Joober, Ridha, Rouleau, Guy, Rehnstrom, Karola, von Wendt, Lennart, and Peltonen, Leena

Published
2009
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42. Influence of Alcohol Consumption on the Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus among Women in the Nurses’ Health Study Cohorts

Author

Barbhaiya, Medha, Lu, Bing, Sparks, Jeffrey A., Malspeis, Susan, Chang, Shun-Chiao, Karlson, Elizabeth W., and Costenbader, Karen H.

Subjects
Adult, Time Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Incidence, Beer, Nurses, Wine, Middle Aged, Protective Factors, Risk Assessment, Article, United States, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Female, Prospective Studies, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract

Moderate alcohol consumption has antiinflammatory properties and is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis risks. We investigated the association between alcohol consumption and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk among women followed in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohorts.We conducted a prospective cohort analysis among 204,055 women in NHS (1980-2012) and NHSII (1989-2011) who were free of connective tissue disease and provided alcohol information at baseline. Alcohol consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire every 2-4 years. We validated incident SLE through medical record review after self-report. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for SLE based on cumulative average alcohol intake, adjusting for potential confounders. Results were meta-analyzed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. We further investigated SLE risk associated with wine, beer, and liquor intake.We identified 125 incident SLE cases in NHS and 119 in NHSII. Mean ± SD age at SLE diagnosis was 55.8 ± 9.5 years in NHS and 43.4 ± 7.7 years in NHSII. Compared to no alcohol intake, the meta-analyzed multivariable HR for cumulative alcohol consumption ≥5 gm/day was 0.61 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.41-0.89). When limiting alcohol exposure to4 years prior to SLE diagnosis, the multivariable HR was similar: 0.61 (95% CI 0.41-0.91). Women who drank ≥2 servings/week of wine had significantly decreased SLE risk (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.96) compared to women who did not drink wine.In these large prospective cohorts, we demonstrated an inverse association between moderate alcohol consumption (≥5 grams or 0.5 drink/day) and SLE risk in women.

Published
2017

43. Prospective association of depression and phobic anxiety with changes in telomere lengths over 11 years.

Author

Chang, Shun‐Chiao, Crous‐Bou, Marta, Prescott, Jennifer, Rosner, Bernard, Simon, Naomi M., Wang, Wei, De Vivo, Immaculata, Okereke, Olivia I., Chang, Shun-Chiao, and Crous-Bou, Marta

Subjects
*MENTAL depression, *TELOMERES, *ANXIETY, *LEUCOCYTES, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *CELLULAR aging, *LONGITUDINAL method, *PHOBIAS, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *RESEARCH funding, *CROSS-sectional method
Abstract

Background: Although depression and anxiety have been associated with shorter telomeres in cross-sectional studies, the data regarding the prospective relations of depression and anxiety to accelerated telomere length shortening are limited and findings are mixed. We prospectively examined relations of baseline depression and phobic anxiety to subsequent 11-year change in relative leukocyte telomere lengths (LTLs).Methods: We selected 1,250 women from a subcohort of the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood specimens at both blood collections (1989-1990 and 2000-2001). Depression was defined by self-reported regular antidepressant use or presence of severe depressive symptoms; anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, LTLs were measured as the copy number ratio of telomere repeat to a single control gene. Changes in LTLs were defined in three ways: absolute change, symmetrized percent change, and decile shift.Results: Overall, there were no statistically significant associations of depression or phobic anxiety to subsequent 11-year LTL shortening, despite a point estimates in the direction of greater telomere shortening among participants with versus without depression, across all three metrics of telomere change. The strongest predictor of LTL change was baseline telomere length, and regression-to-the-mean was observed.Conclusion: Baseline depression and phobic anxiety were not significantly associated with 11-year attrition in LTLs among 1,250 mid-life and older women. However, a suggestion of depression and greater subsequent LTL attrition, while not statistically significant, may warrant further inquiry, particularly in prospective studies with larger sample sizes and broader windows of the lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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45. Weight Change During the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Period and Risk of Subsequent Mortality in Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Matched Comparators

Author

Sparks, Jeffrey A., primary, Chang, Shun‐Chiao, additional, Nguyen, Uyen‐Sa, additional, Barbhaiya, Medha, additional, Tedeschi, Sara K., additional, Lu, Bing, additional, Kreps, David J., additional, Costenbader, Karen H., additional, Zhang, Yuqing, additional, Choi, Hyon K., additional, and Karlson, Elizabeth W., additional

Published
2017
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49. Associations of Smoking and Age With Inflammatory Joint Signs Among Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Results From Studies of the Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author

Sparks, Jeffrey A., primary, Chang, Shun-Chiao, additional, Deane, Kevin D., additional, Gan, Ryan W., additional, Kristen Demoruelle, M., additional, Feser, Marie L., additional, Moss, LauraKay, additional, Buckner, Jane H., additional, Keating, Richard M., additional, Costenbader, Karen H., additional, Gregersen, Peter K., additional, Weisman, Michael H., additional, Mikuls, Ted R., additional, O'Dell, James R., additional, Michael Holers, V., additional, Norris, Jill M., additional, and Karlson, Elizabeth W., additional

Published
2016
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50. Reply

Author

Sparks, Jeffrey A., primary, Chang, Shun-Chiao, additional, and Karlson, Elizabeth W., additional

Published
2016
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