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Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are active materials used in water treatment technologies. The emergence of these nanomaterials is due to the increasing demand for clean water supply. Among these nanoscale materials, Silver (Ag) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) are famous for having shown good antibacterial properties, essential in water purification technologies. Aside from its pure metal form, its composites have also been explored due to their synergistic effects with some polymeric matrices. Chitosan, for example, is an abundant natural material for its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and water purification properties. In this review, syntheses of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles together with their composites are discussed. Furthermore, its antibacterial properties, along with its water purification efficiencies, are further analyzed. The authors also give an outlook on the possible directions of nanomaterials in water remediation and the inevitable challenges ahead.

Despite the notable oils aimed at the synthesis of numerous novel new polymers and their application in electronics, the performance properties of these polymers such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding when utilized in real-life applications are thought to be ineffective in many instances; thereby limiting their use in such challenging areas of material science and engineering. The synthesis of graphene and assessment of its novel properties like excellent mechanical properties, extraordinary thermal conductivity, EMI shielding, along with high electron transport, have attracted the attention of academic researchers and industrial researchers leading to the unwrapping of good outlooks for the incorporation of graphene as a reinforcing filler nanomaterial in polymer matrices to formulate multifunctional nanocomposites for advance application. Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites materials have inspired the synthesis of novel electronics like flexible electronics materials for advanced applications aimed at superior performance properties including thermal, electrical, mechanical, chemical, optical, shielding and electrochemical behavior. Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites are designed and engineered to simultaneously complement the properties of graphene and the polymer matrix through interfacial properly engineering and structural facile orientation. The all-encompassing research studies along with application on graphene, and its polymer matrix-based nanocomposites targeted at applications in the EMI shielding are covered in this chapter. The applications of graphenebased polymer nanocomposites for EMI shielding and patents are conversed. This chapter will be appealing to nanotechnologists, physicists, chemists, and other materials scientists who are interested in the EMI shielding and other properties of graphene polymer nanocomposites.

Undeniably drug delivery systems (DDSs) engaged take part in controlling the drug pharmacological effect along with the pharmacokinetic profile with respect to the drug release rate, the site, bioavailability and then the side-effect. Different procedures for visual medication conveyance have been reportedly considered; from fundamental strategies aimed at improving the accessibility of medications; consistency enhancers and mucoadhesives help sedate maintenance and entrance enhancers advance medication transport into the eye. The utilization of drug loaded CNC nanoengineered smart gels enabled medications can be better put where they are required for sustained release of the drugs with straightforward conveyance. Advancements in visual inserts give a way to conquer the physical obstructions that generally forestalled compelling treatment. Advancements are being worked on permitting long term tranquillized conveyance from solitary DDSs: these devices permit the release of the loaded drugs even up to 25 h. Future improvements could lead to the nanoengineering of CNC based drug loaded ODDS with excellent ophthalmic DDSs.