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Aziz Momin,1 Redoy Ranjan,1,2 Oswaldo Valencia,1 Adam Jacques,3 Pitt Lim,4 David Fluck,3 Tuan P Chua,5 Venkatachalam Chandrasekaran1 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 3Department of Cardiology, Ashford and St Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 4Department of Cardiology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 5Department of Cardiology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKCorrespondence: Aziz Momin, Consultant Cardiac Surgeon, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0QT, United Kingdom, Tel +447956336739, Email aziz.momin@stgeorges.nhs.ukObjective: This study determined hazard factors and long-term survival rate of total arterial coronary artery bypass graft surgery over 20 years in an extensively large, population-based cohort.Methods: A total of 2979 patients who underwent isolated CABG from April 1999 to March 2020 were studied in 4 groups- Group-A (bilateral internal mammary artery ± radial artery), Group-B (single internal mammary artery + radial artery ± saphenous vein), Group-C (single internal mammary artery ± saphenous vein; no radial artery), and Group-D (radial artery ± saphenous vein; no internal mammary artery). The study endpoints analysed the correlation between the number and types of grafts with the survival time following isolated CABG surgery.Results: The total arterial revascularization (Group A) group had an admirable mean long-term survival of ~19 years, compared to 18.6 years (Group B), 15.86 years (Group C), and 10.99 years (Group D). A Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated confidence interval (CI) for study groups- (95% CI 18.33– 19.94), (95% CI 18.14– 19.06), (95% CI 15.40– 16.32), and (95% CI 9.61– 12.38) in Group A, B, C, D respectively. In the Holm-Sidak method analysis, significant associations existed between the number of arterial grafts and the long-term outcome. A statistically significant (P≤ 0.05) long-term survival advantage for arterial grafting was demonstrated, especially total arterial revascularisation over all other combinations except single internal mammary artery + radial artery grafting.Conclusion: In this series, over 20 years, total arterial CABG use has excellent long-term survival, achieving complete myocardial revascularisation. There is no significant difference between the BIMA group and SIMA with radial artery. However, there is a reduced survival with decreased use of arterial conduits.Keywords: coronary artery bypass graft, CABG, bilateral internal mammary artery, total arterial CABG, long term outcome, multiple arterial graft, mortality, survival benefits

We define the "kink transform"as a one-sided boost of bulk initial data about the Ryu-Takayanagi surface of a boundary cut. For a flat cut, we conjecture that the resulting Wheeler-DeWitt patch is the bulk dual to the boundary state obtained by the Connes cocycle (CC) flow across the cut. The bulk patch is glued to a precursor slice related to the original boundary slice by a one-sided boost. This evades ultraviolet divergences and distinguishes our construction from a one-sided modular flow. We verify that the kink transform is consistent with known properties of operator expectation values and subregion entropies under CC flow. CC flow generates a stress tensor shock at the cut, controlled by a shape derivative of the entropy; the kink transform reproduces this shock holographically by creating a bulk Weyl tensor shock. We also go beyond known properties of CC flow by deriving novel shock components from the kink transform.

Behind certain marginally trapped surfaces one can construct a geometry containing an extremal surface of equal, but not larger area. This construction underlies the Engelhardt-Wall proposal for explaining the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as a coarse-grained entropy. The construction can be proven to exist classically but fails if the null energy condition is violated. Here we extend the coarse-graining construction to semiclassical gravity. Its validity is conjectural, but we are able to extract an interesting nongravitational limit. Our proposal implies Wall's ant conjecture on the minimum energy of a completion of a quantum field theory state on a half-space. It further constrains the properties of the minimum energy state; for example, the minimum completion energy must be localized as a shock at the cut. We verify that the predicted properties hold in a recent explicit construction of Ceyhan and Faulkner, which proves our conjecture in the nongravitational limit.

To study quantum gravity in asymptotically flat spacetimes, one would like to understand the algebra of observables at null infinity. Here we show that the Bondi mass cannot be observed in finite retarded time, and so is not contained in the algebra on any finite portion of I+. This follows immediately from recently discovered asymptotic entropy bounds. We verify this explicitly, and we find that attempts to measure a conserved charge at arbitrarily large radius in fixed retarded time are thwarted by quantum fluctuations. We comment on the implications of our results to flat space holography and the BMS charges at I+.

A high yielding white seeded sesame culture VS 07 023 was developed at Regional Research Station, Vridhachalam and released as VRI 3 during 2017. It is a cross derivative of SVPR 1 and TKG 87. The culture was evaluated during rabi and summer seasons. The culture VS 07 023 has registered an overall grain yield of 995 kg/ha which was 22.74 and 17.33 per cent yield increase over the check SVPR 1 (811kg/ha) and TMV (SV) 7 (848 kg/ha), respectively over 95 locations during rabi season. Similarly, the culture VS 07 023 has registered remarkably a higher mean seed yield of 1055 kg/ha against the check SVPR 1 (862 kg/ha) and TMV (SV) 7 (928kg/ha). The per cent increase in the mean seed yield over the check was 22.49 (SVPR 1) and 13.77 per cent (TMV (SV) 7). The culture is moderately resistant to Macrophomina root rot disease. The culture VS 07 023 is white seeded containing 50 per cent oil content and exhibited a profuse branching suitable for rabi and summer irrigated conditions. In view of stable performance of sesame culture VS 07 023, it was released as a new sesame variety VRI 3 during 2017 by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore for cultivation in major sesame growing districts of Tamil Nadu during rabi and the summer irrigated conditions.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the queuing model entitled to cost optimization in bulk arrival and a batch service retrial queuing system with threshold, server failure, non-disruptive service, and multiple vacations. When bulk arrival of customers find the server is busy, then all customers will join in the orbit. On the other hand, if the server is free, then batch service will be provided according to the general bulk service rule. Batch size varies from a minimum of one and a maximum of ‘b’ number of customers. Customers in the orbit seek service one by one through constant retrial policy whenever the server is in idle state. The server may encounter failure during service. If the server fails, then ‘renewal of service station’ will be considered with probability . If there is no server failure with probability in the service completion or after the renewal process and if the orbit is empty, the server then leaves for multiple vacations. The server stays on vacation until the orbit size reaches the value N. For this proposed queuing model, a probability generating function of the orbit size will be obtained by using the supplementary variable technique and various performance measures will be presented with suitable numerical illustrations. A real time application is also discussed for this system. Additionally, a cost effective model is developed for this queuing model.

Background and objectivesUnderstanding the drivers for care-seeking among those who present with symptoms of TB is crucial for early diagnosis of TB and prompt treatment, which will in turn halt further TB transmission. While TB is a challenge among the tribal population, little is known about the care-seeking behaviour and the factors influencing care-seeking behaviour among the tribal population across India.MethodologyThis community-based descriptive study was carried out in 17 states of India across 6 zones, covering 88 villages from tribal districts with over 70% tribal population. The sample population included individuals ≥15 years old who were screened through an interview for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (PTB), currently and/or previously on anti-TB treatment. Those with symptoms were then assessed on their health-seeking behavior using a semi-structured interview schedule.ResultsAmong 74532 eligible participants screened for symptoms suggestive of TB, 2675 (3.6%) were found to be presumptive TB cases. Of them, 659 (24.6%) sought care for their symptoms. While 48.2% sought care after a week, 19.3% sought care after one month or more, with no significant difference in the first point of care; 46.9% approaching a private and 46.7% a public facility. The significant factors influencing care-seeking behaviour were knowledge on TB (OR: 4.64 (3.70-5.83), p < 0.001), ageConclusionDelayed healthcare-seeking behaviour among those with symptoms presumptive of TB in the tribal population is a major concern. Findings point to differences across gender about symptoms that prompt care-seeking in this population. Gender-sensitive interventions with health system strengthening are urgently needed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment among this population.

A novel organic compound derivativeof Benzothiazole, BFCPA[N-Substitued-1,3-benzothiazol-2pheny-2-[4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-phenyl] acetamidehas beensynthesizied and used as inhibitor on mild steelcorrosion in 1N and 2N HCl acidic medium.Using this inhibitor the rate of orrosion and inhibitor efficiency was analysed by mass loss data and electrochemical analysis. Byincreasing concentration of the inhibitor BFCPA exhibits good corrosion inhibition effectiveness less corrosion rate shows the electron donating property.The structure of BFCPA has been confirmed using various spectral studies. Based on adsorption studies it reveals Langmuir adsorption isotherm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]