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Traditional menstrual practices have long been a delicate and diplomatic issue in India. The beliefs and taboos prevent women from participating in several of their daily socio-cultural meetings and practice. Women in many parts of India must be prepared and informed about menstruation, which causes them to confront several issues and challenges at home, school, and work. It also imposes numerous unneeded constraints on women's daily lives. As a result of these factors, the current research intends to discuss how Knowledge and Traditional practices are related to menstrual health among tribes. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the constraints of Paliyar and Kanikkar women during menstruation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a substrate temperature of 400o C, spray pyrolysis was used to create thin films of cadmium sulphide with varying molar concentrations. The physical properties of the films were studied as a function of the increase in molar concentration at 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 M respectively. The films were characterized by different techniques to study their structural, optical, and electrical properties. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the films were polycrystalline in nature. However, when the molar concentration was increased above 1 M, the crystalline quality and the preferential orientation of films deteriorated. Optical measurements showed that the band gap values decreased from 2.6 to 1.8 eV with increasing molar concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 M, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra displayed that all the samples have an emission peak centred at 750 nm. The morphological studies of HR-SEM and HR-TEM from spherical shaped structures and EDX analysis confirm that the metal chalcogenide thin film is metal. The main application of dyesensitized solar cells with an increase in mole concentration of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 M respectively, with an increase in current in short short-circuit density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indian students are subjected to enormous stress to compete and perform since competitive exams have been made mandatory to enter professional courses. Inability to handle performance pressure, meet parental expectations, and achieve aspirations may lead to psychological distress and subsequent depression. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and identify the associated factors among National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) aspirants in the Chennai, India. Materials and Methods: The present community-based, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at various NEET coaching centres in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, among 250 NEET aspirants between July 2021 and August 2021. A pretested, semi-structured, self-administered online questionnaire with 45 questions, consisting of the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Beck Anxiety Inventory, in the English language was used. Categorical data were presented as frequency and proportions. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to evaluate differences between groups for categorised variables. Results: Out of the total 250 students, 147 (58.8%) were males and mean age of the participants was 19.38±1.146 years. Overall, 112 (45%) participants had attempted NEET-Undergraduate (UG) exam once and 94 (38%) participants had two attempts. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was n=148 (59.2%) and anxiety symptoms were seen in all 250 (100%) participants. Symptoms of severe depression were high among those with three previous attempts(44) and those awaiting their first NEET attempt. The number of previous attempts had a statistically significant (p-value

Two nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) varying in their percentage composition of Ni (1− x ) Co x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticle (20%, 10% w/w of fine powders) were prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method with and without ultrasonic treatment. The spinel ferrite nanoparticles of chemical composition Ni (1− x ) Co x Fe 2 O 4 were prepared by auto combustion method. The structure and morphology of PANI and nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The chemical structure of Ni (1− x ) Co x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles and its composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–visible absorption spectrometer and XRD techniques. Dielectric properties of nanocomposites at different temperature have been performed in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity of PANI/Ni (1− x ) Co x Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposites are significantly increasing with increase in ferrite content due to the polaron/bipolaron formation. The optical absorption experiments of PANI/Ni (1− x ) Co x Fe 2 O 4 nanocomposite illustrate a direct transition with an energy band gap of Eg around 1.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern Islands comprises an urban planning area in the Central Region of Singapore and is made up of the islands of Kusu, Lazarus, Seringat, Tekukor, St. John, Sentosa and the Sister Islands. The islands had largely been expanded by land reclamation in the 1970s to create recreational space, beaches and swimming lagoons. The new coastlines are armoured by large quarry stones. Other than Sentosa, the rest of the islands are as yet undeveloped and remain as weekend destinations. As part of the Singapore Tourism Board's plan to develop the Southern Islands beyond Sentosa, a second phase of land reclamation was started in 2000 to link Seringat, Lazarus and St John. Recent suggestions include turning Lazarus Island into a getaway for the super-rich or housing a casino. The small Kusu is an important pilgrimage island for both the Chinese and Malays and will probably remain so in future. However, whatever development or non-development is planned for Lazarus or Kusu, the impacts of a future rising sea must be addressed regarding the sustainability of the two islands. Reclamation that took place in the 1970s as in Kusu was before concern about global warming. Consequently, the crest of sea walls and platform levels of reclaimed land are low and vulnerable to wave overtopping and inundation during extreme high tides. The newly-reclaimed Lazarus Island with higher platforms and sea walls tells a different story. Inundation analyses using Geographic Information System for different time frames carried out under A2 emission scenario for Lazarus and Kusu suggest that although the two islands tell different tales, nevertheless extra care must be taken in developing or sustaining both islands to avoid future problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Vascular complications after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remain an important cause of procedure-related morbidity. Routine reversal of anticoagulation with protamine at the conclusion of transfemoral TAVI could reduce complications, but data remain scarce., Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of routine protamine administration after transfemoral TAVI., Design, Setting, and Participants: The ACE-PROTAVI trial was an investigator-initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial performed at 3 Australian hospitals between December 2021 and June 2023 with a 1-year follow-up period. All patients accepted for transfemoral TAVI by a multidisciplinary heart team were eligible for enrollment., Interventions: Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 between routine protamine administration and placebo., Main Outcomes and Measures: The coprimary outcomes were the rate of hemostasis success and time to hemostasis (TTH), presented as categorical variables and compared with a χ2 test or as continuous variables as mean (SD) or median (IQR), depending on distribution. The major secondary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, major and minor bleeding complications, and major and minor vascular complications after 30 days, reported in odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs and P values., Results: The study population consisted of 410 patients: 199 patients in the protamine group and 211 in the placebo group. The median (IQR) patient age in the protamine group was 82 (77-85) years, and 68 of 199 patients receiving protamine (34.2%) were female. The median (IQR) patient age in the placebo group was 80 (75-85) years, and 89 of 211 patients receiving the placebo (42.2%) were female. Patients receiving up-front protamine administration had a higher rate of hemostasis success (188 of 192 patients [97.9%]) than patients in the placebo group (186 of 203 patients [91.6%]; absolute risk difference, 6.3%; 95% CI, 2.0%-10.6%; P = .006); in addition, patients receiving up-front protamine had a shorter median (IQR) TTH (181 [120-420] seconds vs 279 [122-600] seconds; P = .002). Routine protamine administration resulted in a reduced risk of the composite outcome in the protamine group (10 of 192 [5.2%]) vs the placebo group (26 of 203 [12.8%]; OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8; P = .01). This difference was predominantly driven by the difference in the prevalence of minor vascular complications. There were no adverse events associated with protamine use., Conclusions and Relevance: In the ACE-PROTAVI randomized clinical trial, routine administration of protamine increased the rate of hemostasis success and decreased TTH. The beneficial effect of protamine was reflected in a reduction in minor vascular complications, procedural time, and postprocedural hospital stay duration in patients receiving routine protamine compared with patients receiving placebo., Trial Registration: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12621001261808.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have become reliable green energy harvesters by converting biomechanical motions into electricity. However, the inevitable charge leakage and poor electric field (EF) of conventional TENG result in inferior tribo-charge density on the active layer. In this paper, TiO 2 -MXene incorporated polystyrene (PS) nanofiber membrane (PTMx NFM) charge trapping interlayer is introduced into single electrode mode TENG (S-TENG) to prevent electron loss at the electrode interface. Surprisingly, this charge-trapping mechanism augments the surface charge density and electric output performance of TENGs. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) mixed polyurethane (PU) NFM is used as tribo-active layer, which improves the crystallinity and mechanical property of PVDF to prevent delamination during long cycle tests. Herein, the effect of this double-layer capacitive model is explained experimentally and theoretically. With optimization of the PTMx interlayer thickness, S-TENG exhibits a maximum open-circuit voltage of (280 V), short-circuit current of (20 µA) transfer charge of (120 nC), and power density of (25.2 µW cm -2 ). Then, this energy is utilized to charge electrical appliances. In addition, the influence of AC/DC EF simulation in wound healing management (vitro L929 cell migration, vivo tissue regeneration) is also investigated by changing the polarity of trans-epithelial potential (TEP) distribution in the wounded area., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Electronic devices with multiple features bring in comfort to the way we live. However, repeated use causes physical as well as chemical degradation reducing their lifetime. The self-healing ability is the most crucial property of natural systems for survival in unexpected situations and variable environments. However, this self-repair property is not possessed by the conventional electronic devices designed today. To expand their lifetime and make them reliable by restoring their mechanical, functional, and electrical properties, self-healing materials are a great go-to option to create robust devices. In this review the intriguing self-healing polymers and fascinating mechanism of self-healable energy harvesting devices such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries from the aspect of electrodes and electrolytes in the past five years are reviewed. The current challenges, strategies, and perspectives for a smart and sustainable future are also discussed.

Background Specialty-specific individualized learning plans (ILPs) have been promoted to improve the undergraduate to graduate medical education transition, yet few pilots have been described. Objective To create and report on the feasibility and acceptability of a pilot internal medicine (IM) ILP template. Methods The ILP was created by a group of diverse IM expert stakeholders and contained questions to stimulate self-reflection and collect self-reported readiness data from incoming interns. US IM residency programs were invited to pilot the ILP with interns in spring 2022. Data was used at the programs' discretion. The pilot was evaluated by a post-pilot survey of programs to elicit perceptions of the impact and value of the ILP and analyze anonymous ILP data from 3 institutions. Results Fifty-two IM residency programs agreed to participate with a survey response rate of 87% (45 of 52). Of responding programs, 89% (40 of 45) collected ILPs, thus we report on data from these 40 programs. A total of 995 interns enrolled with 782 completing ILPs (79%). One hundred eleven ILPs were analyzed (14%). Most programs found the ILP valuable to understand incoming interns' competencies (26 of 40, 65%) and areas for improvement (24 of 40, 60%) and thought it should continue (29 of 40, 73%). Programs estimated the ILP took interns 29.2±14.9 minutes and 21.6±10.3 minutes for faculty mentors to complete. The most common barrier was faculty mentor participation. Conclusions An ILP based on interns' self-reported data was feasible and valuable to IM residency programs in understanding interns' competencies and areas for improvement.

Background Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. However, studies evaluating the factors associated with the risk of CLABSI in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) were limited in India. Objective The objective of our study is to evaluate the association of factors and the etiology causing CLABSI. Study design This is a hospital-based single-center prospective study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary care hospital spanning one year. Participants Children aged between two months to 15 years admitted in the PICU for more than 48 hours with central venous catheterization were included. Pearson's chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction and logistic regression with odds ratio were calculated by R statistical software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Our analysis showed that factors such as young age (2-12 months), high pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM III) score (> 15), leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, change of central venous catheter, duration of catheterization (>7 days), exposure to blood products, use of steroids, inotropes, and prophylactic antibiotics were significantly associated with increased risk of CLABSIs with an odds ratio of 4.53, 4.54, 2.91, 4.56, 4.76, 3.74, 2.49, 2.41, 7.22, 6.77 and 5.16 respectively (p<0.05). Further, factors such as older age (>12 months) and low PRISM III score (≤ 15) significantly reduce the risk of CLABSIs by 83.64% and 69.14% respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, our results revealed that factors such as young age, high PRISM III score, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, change of central venous catheter, duration of catheterization (> 7 days), exposure to blood products during the hospital stay, use of steroids, inotropes, and prophylactic antibiotics were identified as risk factors for CLABSI., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Sellamuthu et al.)

Biodegradable foams are a potential substitute for most fossil-fuel-derived polymer foams currently used in the cushion furniture-making industry. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are biodegradable polymers, although their poor compatibility does not support the foam-forming process. In this study, we investigated the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with or without silane A (SA) on the foam density, cell structure and tensile properties of TPS/PBAT blends. The challenges in foam forming were explored through various temperature and pressure values under supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conditions. The obtained experimental results indicate that PEG and SA act as a plasticizer and compatibilizer, respectively. The 50% (TPS with SA + PEG)/50% PBAT blends generally produce foams that have a lower foam density and better cell structure than those of 50% (TPS with PEG)/50% PBAT blends. The tensile property of each 50% (TPS with SA + PEG)/50% PBAT foam is generally better than that of each 50% (TPS with PEG)/50% PBAT foam.

Starch-based biodegradable foams with a high starch content are developed using industrial starch as the base material and supercritical CO 2 as blowing or foaming agents. The superior cushioning properties of these foams can lead to competitiveness in the market. Despite this, a weak melting strength property of starch is not sufficient to hold the foaming agents within it. Due to the rapid diffusion of foaming gas into the environment, it is difficult for starch to maintain pore structure in starch foams. Therefore, producing starch foam by using supercritical CO 2 foaming gas faces severe challenges. To overcome this, we have synthesized thermoplastic starch (TPS) by dispersing starch into water or glycerin. Consecutively, the TPS surface was modified by compatibilizer silane A (SA) to improve the dispersion with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to become (TPS with SA)/PBAT composite foam. Furthermore, the foam-forming process was optimized by varying the ratios of TPS and PBAT under different forming temperatures of 85 °C to 105 °C, and two different pressures, 17 Mpa and 23 Mpa were studied in detail. The obtained results indicate that the SA surface modification on TPS can influence the great compatibility with PBAT blended foams (foam density: 0.16 g/cm 3 ); whereas unmodified TPS and PBAT (foam density: 0.349 g/cm 3 ) exhibit high foam density, rigid foam structure, and poor tensile properties. In addition, we have found that the 80% TPS/20% PBAT foam can be achieved with good flexible properties. Because of this flexibility, lightweight and environment-friendly nature, we have the opportunity to resolve the strong demands from the packing market.