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Duplex stainless steel (DSS) is a relatively new material which is replacing Austenitic steels in offshore and paper-pulp industries due to its excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion resistant property. In this investigation, the work piece material that was utilised was DSS 2205. The experiment is carried out using a vertical CNC milling machine that has three axes of movement. Carbide inserts of ISO grade and ISO geometry APMT1135-PA120 are the types of tools that are utilised for milling operations. To assess the surface roughness values (Ra) of the machined samples, a surface roughness tester with the model number SJ-201 from Surf test was utilised. The investigation of machined DSS specimens using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface topography of the machined samples was homogeneously produced with smaller grooves with side flow being seen on the machined surface. According to the outcomes of the experiment that compared cutting speed to roughness, the roughness value decreases proportionally to the increase in cutting speed. The variations of Feed Rate vs. Roughness showed that an increase in the roughness value occurs in conjunction with an increase in the feed rate. The correlation between the depth of cut and the roughness value revealed that the roughness value is directly proportional to the depth of cut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocrystalline Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 particles were successfully synthesized by hybrid electrochemical-thermal method. The as-prepared compound was calcined for an hour at different temperature. The crystallite size, morphology, and chemical state of the synthesized powders were characterized by powder XRD, TG-DTA, XPS, SEM/EDAX, TEM, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectral techniques. Rietveld refinement of X-ray data of the calcined compound exhibits rhombohedral (hematite) structure with space group of R3c (No. 167). The thermal behavior of as-prepared compound was examined. Scanning electron photomicrographs show uniform, randomly oriented hexagonal and spherical like morphology and EDAX measurement showed its chemical composition. The TEM result revealed that the particle morphology was hexagonal with spherical in nature and sizes were in the order of 40-60 nm in diameter and 120-200 nm in length. The absorption and blue shift were noticed in UV-Vis absorption spectra and the band gaps were found to be 4.22-4.29 eV. The electrochemically generated Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were used to fabricate ZnCoαFe2O3 composite thin films and its corrosion behavior was analyzed by anodic polarization, Tafel extrapolation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that the ZnCoαFe2O3 composite thin films have potential applications to corrosion protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, an efficient and simple two-step hybrid electrochemical-thermal route was developed for the synthesis of cubic shaped Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanoparticles using aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCSnO3) and sodium stannate (Na2SnO3) electrolyte. The sacrificial Zn was used as anode and cathode in an undivided cell under galvanostatic mode at room temperature. The bath concentration and current density were respectively varied from 30 to 120 and 0.05 to 1.5 A/dm2. The electrochemically generated precursor was calcined for an hour at different range of temperature from 60 to 600 °C. The crystallite sizes in the range of 24-53 nm were calculated based on Debye-Scherrer equation. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy results reveal that all the particles have cubic morphology with diameter of 40-50 nm. The as-prepared ZTO samples showed higher catalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, and 90% degradation was found for the sample calcined at 600°C, which is greater than that of commercial TiO2-P25 photocatalysts. The photodegradation efficiency of ZTO samples was found to be a function of exposure time and the dye solution pH value. These results indicate that the ZTO nanoparticles may be employed to remove dyes from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the feasibility of implementing a high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA-based screening program for cervical cancer and the prevalence of hrHPV DNA-positive women in a community setting in rural India., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the community level in the Hunsur taluk of the Mysore district from January to August 2016. Cervical cancer screening was conducted with self-collected vaginal samples that were analyzed using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay (Qiagen, USA)., Results: The majority of participants were aged 30-39 years, with no formal schooling, from a lower caste, and lived below an annual household income of US$1499. After group health education and one-on-one counseling, a total of 473 women underwent self-sampling. Of these, 36 (7.6%) were positive for hrHPV and only 24 (66.6%) underwent follow-up diagnostic triaging. Cancer was detected in two women, who were referred to appropriate healthcare facilities for further treatment., Conclusion: Implementation of hrHPV DNA-based screening tests using self-sampling can be feasible in rural settings in India. However, substantial resources are required for providing health education and one-on-one counseling to inform asymptomatic women about the benefits of testing and, more importantly, to improve compliance with follow-up., (© 2019 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)