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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens. We report our experience of a device-related outbreak of postoperative ventriculitis caused by P aeruginosa thus initiating investigation of the unusual occurrence. Five neurosurgical patients were affected, postoperatively. The investigations entailed extensive screening of the common sources of contamination for colonization of P aeruginosa. Sterilized instruments used for surgery, including the ultrasonic aspirator (USA) sets and other hollow devices, were randomly sampled and cultured. Conventional culture methods yielded P aeruginosa, with almost similar antibiotic sensitivity pattern in all the patients and the ultrasonic aspirator, clinching the source of contamination. Routine surveillance, identification of unusual patterns, molecular epidemiological typing would be helpful in quick control of outbreaks of postoperative infections

Abstract Background Malnutrition is associated with both structural and functional pathology of the brain. A wide range of cognitive deficits has been reported in malnourished children. Effect of chronic protein energy malnutrition (PEM) causing stunting and wasting in children could also affect the ongoing development of higher cognitive processes during childhood (>5 years of age). The present study examined the effect of stunted growth on the rate of development of cognitive processes using neuropsychological measures. Methods Twenty children identified as malnourished and twenty as adequately nourished in the age groups of 5–7 years and 8–10 years were examined. NIMHANS neuropsychological battery for children sensitive to the effects of brain dysfunction and age related improvement was employed. The battery consisted of tests of motor speed, attention, visuospatial ability, executive functions, comprehension and learning and memory Results Development of cognitive processes appeared to be governed by both age and nutritional status. Malnourished children performed poor on tests of attention, working memory, learning and memory and visuospatial ability except on the test of motor speed and coordination. Age related improvement was not observed on tests of design fluency, working memory, visual construction, learning and memory in malnourished children. However, age related improvement was observed on tests of attention, visual perception, and verbal comprehension in malnourished children even though the performance was deficient as compared to the performance level of adequately nourished children. Conclusion Chronic protein energy malnutrition (stunting) affects the ongoing development of higher cognitive processes during childhood years rather than merely showing a generalized cognitive impairment. Stunting could result in slowing in the age related improvement in certain and not all higher order cognitive processes and may also result in long lasting cognitive impairments.

Byline: Dwarakanath. Srinivas, Pragyan. Sarma, Harsh. Deora, Manish. Beniwal, V. Vikas, K. Rao, B. Chandramouli, Sampath. Somanna Introduction: Anterior and anterolaterally situated foramen magnum meningiomas are a technically complex subgroup [...]

Byline: Dhaval. Shukla, Dhananjaya. Bhat, Dwarkanath. Srinivas, Sampath. Somanna, Paritosh. Pandey, B. Chandramouli, K. V. R.. Sastry, B. Das Introduction: We present a retrospective study of distal anterior cerebral artery [...]

Byline: Veena. Sheshadri, Suparna. Bharadwaj, B. Chandramouli Background and Aims: Intra-operative identification and preservation of extraocular motor nerves is one of the main goals of surgeries for skull base tumours [...]

Addressing the pressing research problem of power fluctuations and grid harmonics in the integration of renewable energy, our proposed control strategy utilizes the Prairie Dog Optimization Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (PDO-FOPID) controller within a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) system. This innovative approach is tailored to mitigate harmonics and meet load requirements in grid-connected hybrid renewables. The UPQC system is instrumental in regulating coupling point voltage, countering voltage and current harmonics to enhance overall power quality. The PDO-FOPID controller dynamically adapts control parameters to system dynamics and load changes, ensuring a stable power supply despite the variability of renewable sources. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink confirm its superiority over traditional control strategies, such as PI, sliding mode, and fuzzy control, in harmonics mitigation, load fulfilment, and power stability. By effectively addressing these challenges, our proposed solution not only contributes to resolving a critical research problem but also advances the seamless integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources (HRES) into power systems, thereby enhancing overall grid performance and the efficacy of renewable energy integration.

Byline: N. Manoj, A. Arivazhagan, A. Mahadevan, D. Bhat, H. Arvinda, B. Devi, S. Sampath, B. Chandramouli Sir, We appreciate the reader for the thoughtful comments. We agree with the [...]

Byline: N. Manoj, A. Arivazhagan, Anita. Mahadevan, Dhananjaya. Bhat, H. Arvinda, B. Devi, S. Sampath, B. Chandramouli Background: Epidemiology of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) world-wide shows an increase [...]

Byline: Rajeev. Sharma, B. Chandramouli, Prateek. Nayak Sir, Nasal encephaloceles are herniations of the intracranial contents through a defect in the anterior skull base [sup][1] and presenting for the first [...]

Byline: B. Savitr Sastri, A. Arivazhagan, V. Santosh, B. Chandramouli Sir, Central neurocytomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system described first by Hassoun in 1982. [sup][1] We present [...]

Byline: Savitr. Sastri, Srinivas. Dwarakanath, B. Chandramouli Sir Trigeminal schwannomas are rare tumors accounting for 0.2% of all intracranial tumors. Even rarer are instances of hemorrhage within these tumors. We [...]

Byline: Aniruddh. Kulkarni, A. Arivazhagan, S. Sampath, B. Chandramouli Sir, Extra-ventricular meningiomas without dural attachment are very rare. We report a case of a large meningioma in the anterior interhemispheric [...]

Byline: Tanmoy. Maiti, Jagathlal. Gangadharan, Anita. Mahadevan, A. Arivazhagan, B. Chandramouli, S. Shankar Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare, but well documented entity. We report [...]

Byline: Manish. Ranjan, Vani. Santosh, Ashwini. Tandon, B. Anandh, S. Sampath, B. Devi, B. Chandramouli Background: Low-grade diffuse astrocytoma (DA) is considered benign tumor (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II), [...]

Byline: Dhananjaya. Bhat, B. Devi, A. Raghunath, Sampath. Somanna, B. Chandramouli Of the intracranial epidermoids, interhemispheric epidermoids are extremely rare and only about 19 cases have been reported. This is [...]

Byline: Manish. Ranjan, A. Arivazhagan, Prasad. Chandrajit, B. Chandramouli Sir, Growing skull fracture (GSF)/leptomeningeal cyst arising from orbital roof fracture is a very rare and delayed complication of pediatric head [...]

Byline: Dhananjaya. Bhat, Anita. Mahadevan, Ranjan. Manish, Somanna. Sampath, B. Chandramouli, S. Shankar Gangliogliomas are benign lesions that are predominantly temporal in location and present with chronic epilepsy. Intraventricular gangliogliomas [...]

Byline: Nupur. Pruthi, B. Chandramouli, Thelma. Kuttappa, Shobini. Rao, D. Subbakrishna, Mariamma. Abraham, Anita. Mahadevan, S. Shankar Background: The nature and extent of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is [...]

Byline: A. Raghunath, S. Sampath, B. Devi, B. Chandramouli, G. Lal, Yasha. Chickabasaviah, Rose. Bharath Rathke's cleft cyst is a rare benign sellar lesion. The exact preoperative diagnosis of this [...]