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To assess the attractiveness of dentofacial midline discrepancies during smiling, and to determine if the ratings were influenced by the gender of the judges.

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of 1-acetyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione (N-acetylisatin) were recorded in the solid phase and analyzed. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, Raman activities and atomic charges were calculated using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations with a standard 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The fundamental vibrational modes of N-acetylisatin were analyzed and fully assigned with the aid of the recorded FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. The simulated FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra showed good agreement with the experimental spectra. The stability of the molecule, arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization, was analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The dipole moment (µ), polarization (α) and hyperpolarization (β) values of N-acetylisatin were also computed. The potential energy distribution (PED) was computed for the assignment of unambiguous vibrational fundamental modes. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap illustrated the chemical activity of N-acetylisatin. The energy and oscillator strength were calculated by DFT. Gauge–including atomic orbital NMR (1H and 13C) chemical shift calculations were performed and compared with the experimental values. Thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy) of the compound at different temperatures were also calculated.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to analyze the difference in stresses generated in the bracket-cement-tooth system by means of a peel load in single and double-mesh bracket bases using a three-dimensional finite element computer model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of the bracket-cement-tooth system was constructed and consisted of 40,536 bonds and 49,201 finite elements using a commercial mesh generating programmer (ANSYS 7.0). Both single and double-mesh bracket bases were modified by varying the diameter from 100-400 µm progressively, and the spacing between the mesh wires was kept at 300 µm for each diameter of wire. A peel load was applied on the model to study the stresses generated in different layers. RESULTS: In case of double-mesh bracket base, there was reduction in stress generation at the enamel in comparison to single-mesh bracket base. There was no difference in stress generated at the bracket layer between single and double-mesh bracket bases. At the impregnated wire mesh (IWM), layer stresses increased as the wire diameter of the mesh increased. CONCLUSION: Results show that bracket design modification can improve bonding abilities and simultaneously reduce enamel damage while debonding. These facts may be used in bringing about the new innovative bracket designs for clinical use.

Objective: (1)To study the craniofacial morphology of Juvenile diabetes (2) To investigate the effect of Juvenile diabetes on the general growth and skeletal maturation of the affected patients(3)To analyze the pattern of association between craniofacial morphology and skeletal maturation in juvenile diabetes Materials and Methods: Experimental group consisted of 20 male juvenile diabetes mellitus aged between 12-16 years and control group consisted of 20 normal males in the same age range (12 to 16 years) without a display of any disease that could affect general body development or craniofacial morphology. Lateral cephalogram and hand-wrist radiographs were taken for each subject, 31 cephalometric linear and angular measurements and skeletal maturity parameters such as height, weight and differences between chronological and skeletal ages were collected. To measure the linear correlation between different craniofacial parameters and skeletal age decrease, correlation co-efficient was computed. If 'P' value was less than the level of significance (0.05) it was concluded that correlation was significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gonorrhea since the ancient times is causing significant morbidity. Though a number of methods are available for diagnosis in men, culture still remains the gold standard. Gonococci are delicate and fastidious bacteria but its remarkable ability to develop resistance to a variety of antibiotics makes it a major threat to public health. Objectives: To detect the incidence in symptomatic men and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the gonococcal isolates. Materials & Methods: - 100 urethral swabs from men with urethritis were screened for presence of gonococci by gram stain and culture on Chocolate Agar and Modified Thayer-Martin medium. The isolated gonococci were screened for Penicillinase production and susceptibility to antibiotics was subsequently carried out by standard disc diffusion method. Results: - Gonorrhoea was detected in 56 of the urethral swabs giving a incidence of 56%. The difference of detection in gram stain and culture was insignificant (P>0.05). Of all the isolated gonococci considerable resistance was seen to ciprofloxacin(46.4%), tetracycline(23.2%) and Penicillin(17%) with Incidence of PPNG being 12.5%. All strains were uniformly sensitive to Spectinomycin and Cephalosporins. Conclusions: - Neisseria gonorrhoeae is main etiological agent in urethritis in sexually active men and culture though time consuming, costly and demands expertise is still better method for diagnosis as gives high isolation rate and observe changing patterns in antibiotic susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials.

Aims: The objective of this study was to estimate the increase in arch perimeter associated with mandibular lateral expansion, To estimate the increase in intermolar width with mandibular lateral expansion and to find out the changes of tooth inclination with mandibular expansion., Materials and Methods: The mandibular bone with dentition of indian skeletal specimen was obtained. The computer tomogram (CT) slices of the mandible were taken. Finite element model (FEM): Numerical representation of the geometry was created by dividing the geometry into finite number of elements and the elements were connected together with nodes at the junction., Results: The result of the study showed when 10° of lateral expansion was applied to the lower buccal segment at the center of rotation found at 4.3 mm below the root apex of first molar, a space of 1.3 mm between the canine and first premolar, and thus an increase in arch perimeter of 2.6 mm., Conclusion: The tip of the mesiolingual cusp of the first molar moved 4.2 mm laterally, resulting in a change in intermolar width by 8.4 mm. Three-dimensional simulation showed that 1 mm of intermolar expansion increased the arch perimeter by 0.30 mm., Clinical Significance: As the finite element method evolves and scientists are able to more clearly define physical properties of biological tissues, more accurate information can be generated at the level that other analytical methods cannot fully provide data.This result would be of value clinically for prediction of the effects of mandibular expansion.

Simple and inexpensive methods based on visual examination of the cervix are currently being investigated as alternative methods of cervical screening. The test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% acetic acid (VIA), and Lugol's iodine (VILI) and conventional cytology were investigated in a cross-sectional study involving 4,444 women aged 25 to 65 years in Kerala, India. While detection of any acetowhite area constituted a low-threshold positive VIA, detection of well-defined, opaque acetowhite lesions close to or touching the squamocolumnar junction constituted a high-threshold positive VIA test. Detection of definite yellow iodine nonuptake areas in the transformation zone close to or touching the squamocolumnar junction constituted a positive VILI test. Cytology was considered positive if reported as atypia or worse lesions. All screened women were evaluated by colposcopy and biopsies were directed in 1,644 women (37.0%), which allowed the direct estimation of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. The reference diagnosis was based on a combination of histology and/or colposcopy. True disease status was defined as CIN 2 and worse lesions. A total of 149 (3.4%) women had CIN 2 or worse lesions. The sensitivities of low-threshold VIA, high-threshold VIA, VILI and cytology to detect CIN 2 or worse disease were 88.6%, 82.6%, 87.2% and 81.9%, respectively; the corresponding specificities were 78.0%, 86.5%, 84.7% and 87.8%. Our results indicate that VIA and VILI are suitable alternate screening tests to cytology for detecting cervical neoplasia in low-resource settings., (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Objective: To evaluate the dose-response relationship of nuclear abnormalities in tumor cells collected by serial scrape smears from oral cancer patients on fractionated radiotherapy., Study Design: The study included 31 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity treated by radiotherapy (60 Gy in 25 fractions; 2.4 Gy per fraction). Serial scrape smears were taken from each tumor before treatment and after delivery of various fractions, usually 2 (4.8 Gy), 5 (12.0 Gy), 8 (19.2 Gy) or 12 (28.8 Gy). The smears were stained by Giemsa stain and evaluated by light microscopy, and the number of micronucleated, binucleated, nuclear budded and multinucleated cells were scored. Their relation to cumulative dose was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. The results were expressed in terms of 1,000 mononucleated cells., Results: Even before treatment, most of the tumors showed various abnormally nucleated cells, and, despite the high intertumoral variation (as indicated by the high variance), all of them showed statistically significant dose-related increases. The mean values before treatment and after irradiation with 28.8 Gy, respectively, were 2.8 and 19.5 (P < .0001) for micronucleated cells, 1.5 and 8.5 (P < .000001) for nuclear budded cells, 8.2 and 35.5 (P < .0001) for binucleated cells, and 3.7 and 16.8 (P < .0001) for multinucleated cells. When the different types of nuclear abnormalities were combined and analyzed as "abnormally nucleated cells," the mean count before treatment and after 28.8 Gy were 7.9 and 44.9 (P < .00001), respectively., Conclusion: The study showed that radiation-induced micronucleation, multinucleation, binucleation and nuclear budding in oral cancer cells has statistically significant dose-related increases that become evident in the initial few days of radiotherapy and that they can be differentiated well by cytology. This dose-response relationship and the high intertumoral variations suggest that serial assay of these changes has potential use for radiosensitivity prediction.

A rare case of germ cell tumor of the mediastinum infiltrating the lung and metastasizing to the supraclavicular lymph node in a 25-year-old male is presented. The patient presented with a history of superior vena cava syndrome and chest roentgenograms revealed an abnormal mediastinum. Primary positive diagnosis was made cytologically on sputum specimens. The peculiar cell type found in the Papanicolaou stained sputum smears were correlated with fine needle aspiration cytology of lung and lymph node, and confirmed the histologic pattern of the tumor metastasizing to the lymph node. To our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a primary mediastinal seminoma (germinoma) infiltrating the lung and diagnosed by sputum cytology. These results suggest the usefulness of sputum examination as an adjunctive diagnostic procedure in the detection of patients with possible lung infiltrated germinal neoplasms.