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Despite an increasing demand for applications, the partial selectivity of metal oxide-based gas sensors limits their practical use in some cases, such as for ethanol detection. Consequently, the search for performing ethanol gas is still an open challenge. In the present work, tungsten oxide was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. XRD analysis showed strong diffraction peaks for WO3at 22.5s, 23.5° and 25° which corresponds to (111), (110) and (022) planes with the crystallite size of 8.30 nm, 12.30 nm and 16.08 nm, respectively. EDAX results showed that the atomic percentage of synthesized nanoparticles is 25.68% and 74.32% of W and C, respectively. The synthesized WO3nanomaterials were fabricated pallets for highly sensitive detection of ethanol gas. Finally, optimization is carried out in different ppm concentrations for WO3nanomaterials to ensure it following the linear characteristics of gas sensor. The response time at 50 ppm,75 ppm and 100 ppm is 85.54 s, 294.08 s, 189.78 s, and the relaxing time is 446.33 s, 254 s, 220 s, respectively. Sensitivity of 6.06% was observed.

Cholesterol is a chameleon bio-molecule in cellular multiplex. It acts as a prelate in almost every cellular compartment with its site specific characteristics viz. regulation of structural veracity and scaffold fluidity of bio-membranes, insulation of electrical transmission in nerves, controlling of genes by making steroid endocrines, acting as precursors of metabolic regulators and many more with its emerging prophecy in the cell nucleus to drive new cell formation. Besides the crucial legacy in cellular functionality, cholesterol is ostracized as a member of LDL particle, which has been proved responsible to clog blood vessels. LDL particles get deposited in the blood vessels because of their poor clearance owing to the non-functioning LDL receptor on the vessel wall and surrounding tissues. Blocking of blood vessel promotes heart attack and stroke. On the other hand, cholesterol has been targeted as pro-cancerous molecule. At this phase again cholesterol is biphasic. Although cholesterol is essential to construct nuclear membrane and its lipid-rafts; in cancer tumour cells, cholesterol is not under the control of intracellular feedback regulation and gets accumulated within cell nucleus by crossing nuclear membrane and promoting cell proliferation. In precancerous stage, the immune cells also die because of the lack of requisite concentration of intracellular and intranuclear cholesterol pool. The existence of cholesterol within the cell nucleus has been found in the nuclear membrane, epichromosomal location and nucleoplasm. The existence of cholesterol in the microdomain of nuclear raft has been reported to be linked with gene transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Hydrolysis of cholesterol esters in chromosomal domain is linked with new cell generation. Apparently, Cholesterol is now a prelate in cell nucleus too ------ A serendipity in cellular haven.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects an estimated one-quarter of the global adult population and has become one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma with increased liver-related and overall morbidity and mortality. The new term, metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), has a set of positive diagnostic criteria and has been shown to have better clinical utility, but it has yet to be universally adopted. This review addresses the non-invasive tests for MAFLD and is based mostly on studies on NAFLD patients, as the MAFLD term is relatively new and there are limited studies on non-invasive tests based on this new term, while a large body of research work on non-invasive tests has accumulated in the literature for NAFLD. This review focuses on blood-based biomarkers and scores for the assessment of hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis, and two of the most widely studied imaging biomarkers, namely vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance imaging. Fibrotic NASH has become a diagnostic target of interest and novel serum biomarkers and scores incorporating imaging biomarker for diagnosis of fibrotic NASH are emerging. Nonetheless, the degree of liver fibrosis remains the key predictor of liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with MAFLD. A multitude of non-invasive biomarkers and scores have been studied for the detection of liver fibrosis, including use of sequential non-invasive tests for risk stratification of advanced liver fibrosis. In addition, this review will explore the utility of the non-invasive tests for prognostication and for monitoring of treatment response.

Performance based navigation supports the design of more precise flight procedures. However, these new procedures can be visually complex, which may impact the usability of charts that depict the procedures. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether there are performance benefits from simplifying aeronautical charts that depict visually complex flight procedures by separating the procedures onto different chart images. Forty-seven professional pilots participated. They used high-fidelity current and modified charts to find specific information from approach and Standard Instrument Departure (SID) chart images that were shown one at a time on a computer monitor. Response time and accuracy were recorded. Results show a consistent and significant reduction in the time to find information from the simplified chart images. Response time varied linearly with a simple clutter metric, the sum of visual elements in the depiction, indicating serial visual search. Most questions were answered with high accuracy, but some questions about altitude constraints yielded low accuracies.

A functional photosynthetic antenna–reaction center mimicking donor–acceptor polyad has been newly designed, synthesized, and characterized. The polyad was comprised of four entities of carbazole covalently linked to the macrocycle periphery of a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). Efficient singlet excitation transfer from the carbazole to zinc phthalocyanine has been witnessed from the emission studies. Axial coordination of phenylimidazole-functionalized fulleropyrrolidine to ZnPc served as an electron acceptor in the polyad. Optical absorption and emission along with computational studies revealed stable complex formation wherein the evaluated binding constant Kwas 7.7 ± 0.2 × 105M–1, an order of magnitude higher than that observed earlier for similar complexes due to the electronic effect induced by the carbazole entities. From the free-energy calculations, photoinduced electron transfer from the 1ZnPc* to fullerene within the polyad was established to be an exothermic process. Kinetics of charge separation, kCS, monitored by time-resolved emission was found to be 2.8 × 109s–1, indicating a relatively fast charge-separation process. The electron-transfer products were characterized by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopic technique; the presence of ZnPc+•radical cation at 890 nm and fulleropyrrolidine anion radical at 1000 nm was clear from this study. The kinetics of charge recombination, kCR, evaluated from the decay of either of the radical ions, was found to be 6.25 ± 0.2 × 107s–1, revealing the persistence of the radical ion-pair species to some extent. Further, photoelectrochemical studies, performed by constructing photocells by electrophoretic deposition of the studied polyad on nanocrystalline SnO2modified surface, revealed a higher value of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency covering the wide visible–near IR spectral region and good on–off switchability. Better charge injection from the excited polyad to the conduction band of the semiconductor was evident from the electrochemical impedance spectral measurements of electron recombination resistance calculations.

In this paper, we propose two approaches in a hybrid framework in which a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based method is used to obtain a fixed length pattern representation for a varying length time series and then a discriminative model is used for classification. In score vector based approach, each time series in a training data set is modelled by a GMM. A log-likelihood score vector representation is obtained by applying a time series to all GMMs. In segment modelling based approach, a time series is segmented into fixed number of segments and a GMM is built for each segment. Parameters of GMMs of segments are concatenated to obtain a parametric vector representation. Support vector machine is used for classification of score vector representation and parametric vector representation of time series. The proposed approaches are studied for speech emotion recognition and audio clip classification tasks.

Many electronic displays of aeronautical charting information currently use different symbols for common display elements, creating the risk of confusion and misinterpretation. The SAE International Aerospace Behavior and Technology (G-10) Aeronautical Charting Committee, an industry group of subject matter experts, is developing an updated recommendations document that would provide guidance on what symbols to use on these displays. This paper describes a study conducted to evaluate some of the symbology proposed by the committee. Instrument-rated pilots were asked to identify proposed electronic symbols, and to rate their confidence in their response. The goal of this task was to determine whether pilots could correctly identify the proposed symbols, even though they may not be familiar with some of the specific symbols. Most of the symbols were well recognized, but a few were problematic.

Echistatin is a member of the disintegrin family of peptides and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and cell adhesion. Echistatin binds to integrin αvβ3and αIIbβ3receptors with high affinity. Binding is mediated by an RGD‐containing loop maintained in an appropriate conformation by disulfide bridges. In this study, we have compared the binding characteristics of echistatin iodinated by either lactoperoxidase or chloramine T method. We show that echistatin labeled by lactoperoxidase method binds to integrin αvβ3receptor with high affinity and in a non‐dissociable manner very similar to native echistatin. In contrast, chloramine T‐labeled echistatin can rapidly dissociate from the receptor. We demonstrate that chloramine T reaction results in the addition of an extra oxygen to the methionine residue adjacent to the RGD motif in echistatin. Modeling studies and molecular dynamic simulation studies show that the extra oxygen atom on the methionine residue can form hydrogen bonds with the glycine and aspartic acid residues of the RGD motif. These structural changes in echistatin help explain the changes in the binding characteristics of the molecule following chloramine T reaction.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rate of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) varies seasonally in a large, prospective U.S. registry.

Employing antisera against various subfractions of rat liver mitochondria (mitoplast, inner membrane, intermembrane, and matrix) as well as metabolically radiolabeled BRL-3A rat liver cells, we undertook a search for the presence of glycoproteins in this major cellular compartment for which little information in regard to glycoconjugates was available. Subsequent to [35S]methionine labeling of BRL-3A cells, a peptide:N-glycosidase-sensitive protein (45 kDa) was observed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the inner membrane immunoprecipitate, which was reduced to a molecular mass of 42 kDa by this enzyme. The 45-kDa protein was readily labeled with [2-3H]mannose, and indeed the radioactivity of the inner membrane immunoprecipitate was almost exclusively present in this component. Moreover, antisera directed against mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) or F1F0-ATPase (complex V) also precipitated a 45-kDa protein from BRL-3A cell lysates as the predominant mannose-radiolabeled constituent. Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase completely removed the radiolabel from this glycoprotein, and the released oligosaccharides were of the partially trimmed polymannose type (Glc1Man9GlcNAc to Man8GlcNAc). Cycloheximide as well as tunicamycin resulted in total inhibition of radiolabeling of the inner membrane glycoprotein, and moreover, pulse-chase studies employing metrizamide density gradient centrifugation demonstrated that the glycoprotein was initially present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently appeared in a mitochondrial location. Early movement of the glycoprotein to the mitochondria after synthesis in the ER was also evident from the limited processing undergone by its N-linked oligosaccharides; this stood in contrast to lysosomal glycoproteins in which we noted extensive conversion to complex oligosaccharides. Our findings suggest that the 45-kDa glycoprotein migrates from ER to mitochondria by the previously observed contact sites between the two organelles. Furthermore, the presence of this glycoprotein in at least two major mitochondrial multienzyme complexes would be consistent with a role in mitochondrial translocations.

Aortic flow and pressure relations and aortic diameter were examined during sinus rhythm, internal cardiac massage, vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation, conventional manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation and high impulse manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 14 anesthetized large dogs. During sinus rhythm and during internal cardiac massage, ascending aortic flow and pressure increased simultaneously and the rise in ascending aorta pressure preceded the rise in descending aortic pressure by (mean ± SEM) 28 ± 4 and 30 ± 1 ms, respectively. In contrast, during vest, conventional and high impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ascending aortic flow lagged behind the initial rise in aortic pressure by 40 ± 4 to 46 ± 4 ms and ascending and descending aortic pressure increased simultaneously (p < 0.001 for each external compression mode versus sinus rhythm and internal massage). The ratio of pulse pressure to stroke volume increased by an order of magnitude during all modes of external chest compression (p < 0.001 versus sinus rhythm and internal massage) and aortic diameter decreased during vest and high impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p < 0.05 versus sinus rhythm and internal massage).

Objectives. We sought to determine the influence of payor status on the use and appropriateness of cardiac procedures.

Objectives. We sought to compare outcomes after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Material transportation systems with constant flow feeding hoppers at their ends may be described by a variable dead time process with an integrator. Smith's predictor based control techniques will not perform well with these astatic processes. Therefore an adaptive control strategy, based on pole placement, is developed. The adaptive controller includes an integrator and a parallel correction network. The correction network output augments the process output and the controller acts on the basis of the combined signal. Hybrid simulation studies show that by properly choosing the poles, the desired performance and necessary immunity against noise can be obtained. The recovery following a disturbance is good without offset. The dead time variations are handled very well. To demonstrate its physical realization feasibility, the scheme is tested on a material transportation system with a nonlinear actuator. All the minor lags have been neglected and the process is approximately modeled as a variable dead time-integrator system. The performance is commendable for set point, load and dead time variations.