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This work aims to raise awareness about the harm caused by plastics dumped in the sea and provide information about the medical management of Pacific green turtle specimens under human care when they require attention. A case is presented of an adult female specimen of Chelonia mydas rescued in the city of Constitución, Chile, 200 km southwest of the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center (CRFS) at Parque Safari. The specimen shows symptoms of impaction syndrome with caudal flotation due to the accumulation of gases characteristic of paralytic ileus, and it also has lacerative injuries on the left anterior limb fin. It was decided to follow a diagnostic route with a clinical examination and complementary methods such as X-rays, ultrasounds, and blood analysis, in addition to a surgical procedure to expedite wound recovery. After three months of rehabilitation, the specimen was successfully reintroduced into Chascos Bay, Caldera, located 800 km north of the CRFS. During the rehabilitation of this specimen, it traveled approximately 1000 km across Chile's routes from its rescue to its reintroduction, with contributions from both the public and private sectors to manage the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to provide information about typical pathologies of senile big cats which can occur under human care since captivity often increases the life expectancy of the species. A case of an adult male African Lion is presented, which shows acute spinal cord ataxia and does not yield to anti-inflammatory analgesic therapy. Chemical containment is decided for the diagnostic route in order to show the possible cause of the disease in the animal. Clinical examination, hematological and biochemical profile are performed, in addition to serology of infectious diseases and radiographic examination under general anesthesia. The results show lesions in intervertebral discs compatible with multiple degenerative disc disease. Cited in the literature and in the results of this work, degenerative diseases can occur in senile big cats under human care. Complementary methods allow having a diagnosis and prognosis for decision making considering animal welfare. After diagnostic verification, the patient euthanasia is decided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The colliding epidemic of infectious and non-communicable diseases in South Africa could potentially increase the prevalence of kidney disease in the country. This study determines the prevalence of kidney damage and known risk factors in a rural community of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa., Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of the Mbekweni Community Health Centre in the Eastern Cape between May and July 2022. Relevant data on demography, medical history, anthropometry and blood pressure were obtained. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Creatinine (CKD-EPICreatinine) equation and the re-expressed four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, without any adjustment for black ethnicity. Prevalence of kidney damage was defined as the proportion of individuals with low eGFR (<60mL/min per 1.73m2). The presence of proteins in the spot urine samples was determined with the use of test strips. We used the logistic regression model analysis to identify the independent risk factors for significant kidney damage., Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of the 389 participants was 52.3 (± 17.5) years, with 69.9% female. The prevalence of significant kidney damage was 17.2% (n = 67), as estimated by the CKD-EPICreatinine, with a slight difference by the MDRD equation (n = 69; 17.7%), while the prevalence of proteinuria was 7.2%. Older age was identified as a significant risk factor for CKD, with an odds ratio (OR) = 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.1, p < 0.001). Hypertension was strongly associated with proteinuria (OR = 4.17, 95% CI 1.67-10.4, p<0.001)., Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of kidney damage (17.2%) and proteinuria (7.97%) in this rural community, largely attributed to advanced age and hypertension, respectively. Early detection of proteinuria and decreased renal function at community health centres should trigger a referral to a higher level of care for further management of patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Rosales Gonzalez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Primary health care in rural South Africa is predominantly provided by remote clinics and health centres. In 1994, health centres were upgraded and new health centres developed to serve as a health care filter between community clinics and district hospitals., Aim: To describe the spectrum of clinical problems encountered at a new health centre in an area of high economic deprivation and compare this with an adjacent community clinic and district hospital., Design: Cross-sectional survey., Setting: A rural clinic, health centre and district hospital in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa., Methods: The International Classification of Primary Care-2 (ICPC-2) was used to code data collected over a 13-week period from patients presenting at a community clinic, health centre and district hospital., Results: Altogether, 4 383 patient encounters were recorded across all three sites in 2001. Most contacts at the clinic (97%) and the health centre (80%) were with a nurse. Females over 15 years of age comprised over half of all contacts at health facilities (53%). The most common diagnosis category was respiratory (23%). Cough was the most common symptom. Thirty per cent of children up to 5 years of age were seen for immunisations. Most childhood immunisations (79%) were carried out at the health centre., Conclusion: Of all the health care facilities surveyed, the health centre had the highest throughput of patients, indicating that the health centre is an efficient filter between the community and hospital. The ICPC-2 can be successfully used to monitor encounters at similar African health care facilities.

Objectives: To describe the demographic, environmental and health characteristics of the rural Eastern Cape and to explore demographic and environmental predictors of health., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Engcobo and Umtata in the Eastern Cape, South Africa., Subjects: 12,049 people from 4608 households., Outcome Measures: (i) Children: immunisation history and being breastfed; (ii) women aged 15-45 years: use of contraception; (iii) women aged 20-25 years: total numbers of dead children; and (iv) all adults: smoking status, body mass index and blood pressure., Results: 2741 houses (59.5%) were structurally adequate, 1795 (39.0%) had access to clean water, and 1174 (25.6%) had access to gas or electric energy. Of children up to 5 years of age 1436 (44.2%) were fully immunised and 2472 (76.1%) were breastfed in their first year of life. Among women aged 15-45 years, 903 (37.8%) used contraceptives, and among women aged 20-25 years, 56 (11.8%) had lost at least 1 child. Self-report of chronic illness and disability was low. Current smokers include 264 men (12.7%) and 325 women (6.0%), and 315 men (15.2%) and 1439 women (26.7%) had a body mass index > 30. Adequate housing (odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.53) and access to refuse disposal (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.36-2.00) were predictive of complete immunisation in children. Children living in houses with access to clean water (OR 0.8, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99) and a fitted toilet (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.83) were less likely to be breastfed in the first year of their life. Women aged 15-45 years were likely to use contraception if they were well educated (OR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.76-4.28) and lived in houses with access to refuse disposal (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.20-1.78). Better education was associated with a reduced likelihood of loss of a child (OR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.51) and being a smoker (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.38-0.73). Obesity was associated with being female (OR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.62-2.18) and living in a house with electricity (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.26-1.68). High blood pressure was associated with living in a house with electricity (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10-1.70) and with monthly household income exceeding R2 000 (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07-1.78)., Conclusions: High socio-economic deprivation in the Eastern Cape is associated with health status comparable to that of poorer regions in sub-Saharan Africa. The educational level of the population, access to electricity, clean water and refuse disposal facilities are important predictors of child, maternal and adult health.