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Background and Purpose: Pressure symptoms are usually uncommon in multinodular goitre (MNG). Imaging modalities fail to define the functional air flow dynamics of the upper airway. The airway-related changes due to MNG can be understood using a Pulmonary function test (PFT). To address this lacuna, this study was conducted to compare the pulmonary function profile of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with benign MNGs using a pre-operative and post-operative pulmonary function test using Spirometry and assessing if surgery had an impact on airway status with varying volumes of thyroid gland measured with ultrasound Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in South India between 2019-2020. Twenty-five patients with MNG undergoing total thyroidectomy were included in the study population. PFT (Spirometry -- Lung volume & Flow volume loop) was performed preoperatively and was compared with post-operative PFT after 6 weeks of surgery. The desired variables -- Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1 ratio & Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were analysed & interpreted to ascertain changes in respective values attributable to surgery. Results: Mean (MEDIAN)thyroid gland volume(cc) of 25 participants in our study was 50.28 ±50.03. Statistically significant improvement was observed in the FVC (Preoperative mean 2.16 ± 0.59 to post-operative mean 2.43 ± 0.78), FEV1 (1.79 ± 0.53 to 2.07 ± 0.69), PEFR (356.8 ± 101.4 to 388 ± 99.4). However, the change in FEV1/FVC ratio (0.83 ± 0.05 to 0.84 ± 0.05) did not approach statistical significance. The study showed that in patients without restrictive lung disease, there is a statistically significant improvement in airflow dynamics following total thyroidectomy, irrespective of the volume of the gland. Conclusion: Alleviating upper airway obstruction is an important facet of surgical intervention for thyroid disease. Early surgery to prevent progressive worsening of the degree of obstruction should be considered, irrespective of the volume of the thyroid gland for patients with intrathoracic goitre and in cervical MNG with pre-existing airway compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a high incidence of peripheral vascular occlusive disease (PVOD) in patients with diabetes and this can result in poor outcomes of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) and wound healing. Objectives: To compare wound healing in DFU patients with and without PVOD and evaluate differences in wound healing with age and other factors. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 40 patients with grade 3 (based on Wagner classification) diabetic foot ulcers. Patients with a history of amputation, grade 4 and above ulcers were excluded from the study. based on ankle-brachial index (ABI) values, they were divided into two groups, with and without PVOD. After mapping the initial wound surface area on a graph sheet, wounds were debrided, treated with debriding agents and wound dressing done. All patients were followed once a month for 3 months, each time mapping the progress of wound surface area. Results: Mean age of patients was 64.05 +/-8.56 (SD). The mean ABI of patients with PVOD was 0.67, while that without PVOD was 1.12 (p<0.001). There was no difference in the rate of wound healing between the two groups (p=0.3487) and with standard care both sets of patients healed well. Conclusion: This study did not find any clinically significant difference in the healing of diabetic ulcers with or without PVOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]