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5,106 results on '"Chander, P."'

1. Learning Life Skills through Multicultural Exchange: An Examination of Prospective English Language Teachers' Experiences

Author

Fahriye Altinay, Nesrin M. Bahcelerli, Ramesh Chander Sharma, Nurdan Atamturk, Zehra Altinay, Gokmen Dagli, and Mehmtinay

Abstract

The student exchange programs are venues for learning opportunities by offering multicultural contexts. This study reports on the experiences of ten prospective English language teachers in a virtual student exchange program to investigate likely skill development in a multicultural and open and distance learning setting. This descriptive study used the qualitative method. The textual data were elicited through eighty reflective essays written by the participants. Virtual classroom observations and WhatsApp chat data ensured data triangulation. The results revealed the themes as developed learning and life skills and enhanced internal gains. It was found that internal outcomes, such as self-confidence, empathy, and self-reliance, were enhanced rather than external gains. One of the limitations of this study was the brevity of the exchange program, which lasted only eight days. Additionally, the current study is a small-scale study, which limits the generalizability of the results. Last but not least, only two participants placed in the researcher's class were observed. The study poses a few implications for education policymakers, curriculum developers, and teachers. In light of the results, it is posed that adding a multicultural aspect to the teacher training curriculum is imperative for teacher empowerment. Though the literature on student exchange reports findings on the gains and challenges, there is a scarcity of studies delving into what skills students develop and how with vivid examples. In this respect, this study adds to the relevant literature.

Published
2024

2. Phosphorylation-driven epichaperome assembly is a regulator of cellular adaptability and proliferation.

Author

Roychowdhury, Tanaya, McNutt, Seth, Pasala, Chiranjeevi, Nguyen, Hieu, Thornton, Daniel, Sharma, Sahil, Botticelli, Luke, Digwal, Chander, Joshi, Suhasini, Yang, Nan, Panchal, Palak, Chakrabarty, Souparna, Bay, Sadik, Markov, Vladimir, Kwong, Charlene, Lisanti, Jeanine, Chung, Sun, Ginsberg, Stephen, Yan, Pengrong, De Stanchina, Elisa, Corben, Adriana, Modi, Shanu, Alpaugh, Mary, Colombo, Giorgio, Erdjument-Bromage, Hediye, Neubert, Thomas, Chalkley, Robert, Baker, Peter, Burlingame, Alma, Rodina, Anna, Chiosis, Gabriela, and Chu, Feixia

Subjects
Humans, Cell Proliferation, Phosphorylation, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, Molecular Chaperones, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Animals, Protein Interaction Maps, Mice, Serine, Cell Line, Tumor
Abstract

The intricate network of protein-chaperone interactions is crucial for maintaining cellular function. Recent discoveries have unveiled the existence of specialized chaperone assemblies, known as epichaperomes, which serve as scaffolding platforms that orchestrate the reconfiguration of protein-protein interaction networks, thereby enhancing cellular adaptability and proliferation. This study explores the structural and regulatory aspects of epichaperomes, with a particular focus on the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in their formation and function. A key finding is the identification of specific PTMs on HSP90, particularly at residues Ser226 and Ser255 within an intrinsically disordered region, as critical determinants of epichaperome assembly. Our data demonstrate that phosphorylation of these serine residues enhances HSP90s interactions with other chaperones and co-chaperones, creating a microenvironment conducive to epichaperome formation. Moreover, we establish a direct link between epichaperome function and cellular physiology, particularly in contexts where robust proliferation and adaptive behavior are essential, such as in cancer and pluripotent stem cell maintenance. These findings not only provide mechanistic insights but also hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting chaperone assemblies in diseases characterized by epichaperome dysregulation, thereby bridging the gap between fundamental research and precision medicine.

Published
2024

3. Are Large Language Models In-Context Personalized Summarizers? Get an iCOPERNICUS Test Done!

Author

Patel, Divya, Patel, Pathik, Chander, Ankush, Dasgupta, Sourish, and Chakraborty, Tanmoy

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, I.2.7
Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded considerably in In-Context-Learning (ICL) based summarization. However, saliency is subject to the users' specific preference histories. Hence, we need reliable In-Context Personalization Learning (ICPL) capabilities within such LLMs. For any arbitrary LLM to exhibit ICPL, it needs to have the ability to discern contrast in user profiles. A recent study proposed a measure for degree-of-personalization called EGISES for the first time. EGISES measures a model's responsiveness to user profile differences. However, it cannot test if a model utilizes all three types of cues provided in ICPL prompts: (i) example summaries, (ii) user's reading histories, and (iii) contrast in user profiles. To address this, we propose the iCOPERNICUS framework, a novel In-COntext PERsonalization learNIng sCrUtiny of Summarization capability in LLMs that uses EGISES as a comparative measure. As a case-study, we evaluate 17 state-of-the-art LLMs based on their reported ICL performances and observe that 15 models' ICPL degrades (min: 1.6%; max: 3.6%) when probed with richer prompts, thereby showing lack of true ICPL.

Published
2024

4. Searching for Tidal Orbital Decay in Hot Jupiters

Author

Alvarado III, Efrain, Bostow, Kate B., Patra, Kishore C., Jacobus, Cooper H., Baer-Way, Raphael A., Jennings, Connor F., Pichay, Neil R., deGraw, Asia A., Vidal, Edgar P., Chander, Vidhi, Altunin, Ivan A., Brendel, Victoria M., Ehrich, Kingsley E., Sunseri, James D., May, Michael B., Punjabi, Druv H., Gendreau-Distler, Eli A., Risin, Sophia, Brink, Thomas G., Zheng, WeiKang, and Filippenko, Alexei V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We study transits of several ``hot Jupiter'' systems - including WASP-12 b, WASP-43 b, WASP-103 b, HAT-P-23 b, KELT-16 b, WD 1856+534 b, and WTS-2 b - with the goal of detecting tidal orbital decay and extending the baselines of transit times. We find no evidence of orbital decay in any of the observed systems except for that of the extensively studied WASP-12 b. Although the orbit of WASP-12 b is unequivocally decaying, we find no evidence for acceleration of said orbital decay, with measured $\ddot{P} = (-7 \pm 8) \times 10^{-14} \rm ~s^{-1}$, against the expected acceleration decay of $\ddot{P} \approx -10^{-23} \rm ~s^{-1}$. In the case of WD 1856+534 b, there is a tentative detection of orbital growth with $\dot{P} = (5.0 \pm 1.5) \times 10^{-10}$. While statistically significant, we err on the side of caution and wait for longer follow-up observations to consider the measured $\dot{P}$ real. For most systems, we provide a 95\%-confidence lower limit on the tidal quality factor, $Q_\star'$. The possibility of detecting orbital decay in hot Jupiters via long-term radial velocity (RV) measurements is also explored. We find that $\sim 1 \rm ~m~s^{-1}$ precision in RVs will be required to detect orbital decay of WASP-12 b with only 3 yr of observations. Currently available RV measurements and precision are unable to detect orbital decay in any of the systems studied here., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures; Accepted in MNRAS on 2024 August 30. Received 2024 August 29; in original form 2024 February 13

Published
2024

5. Evaporation-driven coalescence of two droplets undergoing freezing

Author

Kavuri, Sivanandan, Karapetsas, George, Sharma, Chander Shekhar, and Sahu, Kirti Chandra

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

We examine the evaporation-induced coalescence of two droplets undergoing freezing by conducting numerical simulations employing the lubrication approximation. When two sessile drops undergo freezing in close vicinity over a substrate, they interact with each other through the gaseous phase and the simultaneous presence of evaporation/condensation. In an unsaturated environment, the evaporation flux over the two volatile sessile drops is asymmetric, with lower evaporation in the region between the two drops. This asymmetry in the evaporation flux generates an asymmetric curvature in each drop, which results in a capillary flow that drives the drops closer to each other, eventually leading to their coalescence. This capillary flow, driven by evaporation, competes with the upward movement of the freezing front, depending on the relative humidity in the surrounding environment. We found that higher relative humidity reduces the evaporative flux, delaying capillary flow and impeding coalescence by restricting contact line motion. For a constant relative humidity, the substrate temperature governs the coalescence phenomenon, and resulting condensation can accelerate this process. Interestingly, lower substrate temperatures are observed to facilitate faster propagation of the freezing front, which, in turn, restricts coalescence., Comment: 36 pages, 17 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2312.03271

Published
2024

7. PerSEval: Assessing Personalization in Text Summarizers

Author

Dasgupta, Sourish, Chander, Ankush, Borad, Parth, Motiyani, Isha, and Chakraborty, Tanmoy

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Personalized summarization models cater to individuals' subjective understanding of saliency, as represented by their reading history and current topics of attention. Existing personalized text summarizers are primarily evaluated based on accuracy measures such as BLEU, ROUGE, and METEOR. However, a recent study argued that accuracy measures are inadequate for evaluating the degree of personalization of these models and proposed EGISES, the first metric to evaluate personalized text summaries. It was suggested that accuracy is a separate aspect and should be evaluated standalone. In this paper, we challenge the necessity of an accuracy leaderboard, suggesting that relying on accuracy-based aggregated results might lead to misleading conclusions. To support this, we delve deeper into EGISES, demonstrating both theoretically and empirically that it measures the degree of responsiveness, a necessary but not sufficient condition for degree-of-personalization. We subsequently propose PerSEval, a novel measure that satisfies the required sufficiency condition. Based on the benchmarking of ten SOTA summarization models on the PENS dataset, we empirically establish that -- (i) PerSEval is reliable w.r.t human-judgment correlation (Pearson's r = 0.73; Spearman's $\rho$ = 0.62; Kendall's $\tau$ = 0.42), (ii) PerSEval has high rank-stability, (iii) PerSEval as a rank-measure is not entailed by EGISES-based ranking, and (iv) PerSEval can be a standalone rank-measure without the need of any aggregated ranking., Comment: Accepted in Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR)

Published
2024

19. Severity and Number of Substances Used are Independently Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Over Time among People with HIV in the Current Treatment Era

Author

Ma, Jimmy, Delaney, Joseph A. C., Ruderman, Stephanie A., Nance, Robin M., Hahn, Andrew W., Drumright, Lydia N., Whitney, Bridget M., Fredericksen, Rob J., Mixson, L. Sarah, Merrill, Joseph O., Safren, Steven A., Mayer, Kenneth H., O’Cleirigh, Conall, Napravnik, Sonia, Chander, Geetanjali, Moore, Richard D., Christopoulos, Katerina A., Willig, Amanda L., Bamford, Laura, Webel, Allison, McCaul, Mary E., Cachay, Edward R., Jacobson, Jeffrey M., Saag, Michael S., Kitahata, Mari M., Crane, Heidi M., and Williams, Emily C.

Published
2024
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