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Al–20 wt% Zn alloy was As-caste and centrifugal casted, the comparative study of mechanical, microstructure and tribological properties where found. Density of the Al–20 wt% Zn alloy has 2.80 ± 0.0684 gm/cc in centrifugal casting, where it has in as-cast 2.79 ± 0.0403 gm/cc. The chemical composition in alloy are tested in Spark Optical Emission Spectrometer, founds that Al–20 wt% Zn as 82.66% ± 0.0851% of aluminum and 16.82% ± 0.0845% of Zinc. The hardness of alloy in centrifugal is 95.1 ± 6.1 HV1 while in the as-cast is 79 ± 8.3 HV1. Due to centrifugal force in centrifugal casting the grain size and porosity percentage is lower to the as-cast, is found in the optical microscope, the ultimate tensile strength of alloy in as-cast is 214.65 ± 7.903 MPa and in the centrifugal cast is 214.61 ± 12.402 MPa. The wear rate of the alloy in as-cast is 531 µg/Nm in 40N load, speed of 600 rpm and disc diameter of 130 mm while in centrifugal casting is 507 µg/N in 40N load, speed of 400 rpm and disc diameter of 130 mm. The SEM images provided the microstructural abnormalities that will contribute to the failure of alloy in tensile test and the square EDX provided the fully characterize elemental composition of alloy. X-ray diffraction technique is adopted for qualitative analysis of phases in Al–20 wt% Zn alloy for intermetallics formed during As-cast and centrifugal casting.

Spot blotch and terminal heat stress are the two major constraints of spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia, causing severe yield losses. The present study has assessed various morphological traits with spot blotch and terminal heat stress on wheat. A total of 55 wheat genotypes were evaluated in two sets of growing conditions (GC); GC-1 (timely sown + protected from spot blotch) and GC-2 (late sown + inoculated with spot blotch). Differential responses of high temperature and spot blotch have been realized as significantly reducing the mean performance of traits under GC-2. The present study observed a yield loss of 57%, on a mean basis, from GC-1 to GC-2. This study also emphasized that area under SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) decline curve, i.e., AUSDC and areas under NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) decline curve, i.e., AUNDC becomes more responsive in deciding the performance of a crop and positively influence most of the yield contributing traits under stress conditions. Regression analysis revealed that AUSDC and days to maturity (DM) were major predictor variables when plants faced high temperature and spot blotch disease stress (GC-2). The present study identified six wheat genotypes CRPW-16, CRPW-53, CRPW-11, CRPW-35, CRPW-9 and CRPW-40 as resistant to spot blotch, tolerant to terminal heat with high yield potential. These promising genotypes would serve as breeding material to develop stress-tolerant wheat varieties more especifically for EGP of India.

Natural products such as essential oils have been studied since ancient times to understand their biological properties. Essential oils are noted for their antimicrobial activity. Thus, the focus of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of five essential oils (EOs) from selected medicinal plants found in the South Pacific, on selected human pathogenic bacteria and fungi affecting agricultural industries. The disc diffusion method was carried out and the diameter of inhibition zones (mm) (DZI) using 0.25, 0.5, 5, 25, 50 and 100% (v/v) of essential oil concentrations were reported. The activity of Cananga odorataessential oils against Thermus thermophiles and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were among the selected bacteria that only showed the susceptibility at the lowest concentration (0.25% v/v). The diameter inhibition zones were 1.60 mm and 4.20 mm, respectively. The inhibitory effect of Ocimum tenuiflorumL essential oils at the highest concentration (100%) showed DZI ranging above 14 mm for all the selected bacteria and above 25 mm for the all selected fungi. The inhibitory effect of selected bacteria and fungi increased with stronger concentrations of essential oils. Hence, the essential oils from medicinal plants found in the South Pacific hold great potential for the antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Background: This study was designed to determine the role of CD151 in platelet thrombus formation in vivoand define the contribution of platelet vs. endothelial CD151 in regulating platelet thrombus formation in vivo. Methods and Results: Using intravital microscopy and ferric chloride (FeCl3) injury of mesenteric arterioles, we found that thrombi formed in CD151+/−and CD151−/−mice were smaller and less stable, than those formed in CD151+/+mice, with a tendency for embolization. Similarly, in Folt’s FeCl3−induced carotid injury model, both CD151+/−and CD151−/−mice showed more prolonged times to 95% vessel occlusion than CD151+/+mice. In addition, laser‐induced injury of cremaster muscle arterioles showed that thrombi formed in CD151+/−and CD151−/−mice were smaller and less stable than those formed in CD151+/+mice. Following platelet depletion/reconstitution with ex vivo‐labeled donor platelets, platelet‐depleted CD151+/+mice that received reconstitution with CD151−/−platelets had smaller thrombi that were unstable and embolized. In contrast, platelet‐depleted CD151−/−mice that received reconstitution with CD151+/+platelets had normal thrombi that were stable. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that platelet CD151 is required for regulating thrombus formation in vivo.

Spot blotch is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in South Asia. Division of test sites for this disease into homogenous subregions is expected to contribute to more efficient evaluation and better differentiation of cultivars. Data from a collaborative regional program of South Asia conducted by CIMMYT were analyzed to group testing sites into relatively homogenous subregions for spot blotch area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Five‐year data of eight locations from Eastern Gangetic Plains Nursery (EGPSN) and five locations of the Eastern Gangetic Plains Yield Trial (EGPYT) conducted in three countries (India, Nepal, and Bangladesh) of South Asia were used. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group locations on the basis of genotype × location interaction effects for spot blotch AUDPC. Cluster analysis divided South Asia into two broad regions and four subregions. This classification was not entirely consistent with the geographic distribution of locations, but clusters mostly followed general geographic‐climatic locations. The locations Varanasi (India) and Bhairahawa (Nepal) were identified as the most suitable sites for evaluation of spot blotch, followed by Rampur (Nepal). The major determinant for the clustering was mean temperature. The results suggest that the major wheat region of South Asia can be divided into subregions, which may reduce the cost of resistance evaluation and aid in developing wheat with resistance to this disease.

Brittle materials are characterised by grinding direction related strength anisotropy attributed to the dual population of grinding induced microcracks. Surface grinding operations are therefore implemented such that the grinding lay is along the direction of maximum tensile stress in the component, which corresponds to minimal strength degradation. The kinematic configuration of conventional machine tools inherently precludes such an approach in cylindrical traverse grinding. To this end, the paper presents aspects of an innovative material-adapted kinematic variant, which corresponds to an enhancement of characteristic flexural strength of about 30% in comparison to conventionally ground quartz samples.

Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana(Sacc.) Shoem. syn. Drechslera sorokiniana(Sacc.) Subrm and Jain (syn. Helminthosporium sativum, teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus), is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in warmer and humid regions of the world. To date, no morphological marker is known to be associated with resistance to this disease. The purpose of this study was to find out the association of leaf tip necrosis (Ltn)with resistance to spot blotch disease. A total of 1407 spring wheat genotypes that originated from the Indian and CIMMYT wheat breeding programs were evaluated for Ltnand resistance to spot blotch for three seasons (1994–1995, 1995–1996, and 1996–1997) under field conditions. Disease severity was recorded at six growth stages under artificially created epidemics. About 75% of the genotypes showing Ltn(Ltn+) were resistant or moderately resistant, whereas 82% not showing it (Ltn−) were moderately susceptible or susceptible. Mean spot blotch rating of the Ltn+genotypes was significantly lower than the Ltn−genotypes at all growth stages and the genotype × environment interaction was nonsignificant. To confirm the association of Ltnwith resistance, individual F2–derived F3, F4, F5, and F6progenies from the cross of the ‘HUW234’ near‐isogenic pair for Ltnwere evaluated for spot blotch severity. In each generation, the Ltn+ homozygous progenies had significantly less disease than those homozygous Ltn−These results confirm that leaf tip necrosis is associated with moderate resistance to spot blotch and can be used as a morphological marker to facilitate selection for resistance.

Between 1990 and 1992, 14 children were seen in whom a clinical diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) had been made. The majority of patients presented with cerebellar ataxia and hypotonia. Five children had a family history of a similar illness in first-degree relatives. All cases had undergone clinical and neurologic examinations, routine laboratory tests and cranial CT. CT features were graded to quantitate the degree of atrophy in each cerebellar hemisphere, vermis and brain stem. All patients had varying degrees of atrophic changes of cerebellum, brain stem and cerebrum. These CT features appear to be distinctive enough to enable the diagnosis of OPCA to be made.

The paper presents results of study of threshold voltage (VT) degradation in CMOS transistors damaged by high-field charging. Fowler-Nordheim stress induced VTdegradation in devices with latent charging damage due to plasma processing was found to be strongly dependent on device type and diagnostic stress conditions. “Direct” and “reverse” antenna effect for NMOS, and anomalous behavior of PMOS devices are explained with polarity dependent trapping and the model includes generation of hole traps, an effect not considered previously.