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2. Real-world efficacy of fimasartan vs. other angiotensin receptor blockers in combination with calcium channel blockers: a nationwide cohort study
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Huijin Lee, Chan Soon Park, Bongseong Kim, Tae-Min Rhee, Heesun Lee, Yong-Jin Kim, Kyungdo Han, and Hyung-Kwan Kim
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Hypertension ,Angiotensin II inhibitor ,Fimasartan ,Calcium channel blocker ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Background The antihypertensive efficacy of fimasartan was assessed based on the transition rate from a combination of calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) to three-drug combination therapy, as compared to other ARBs. Methods This nationwide cohort study used data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Patients who had received national health checkups within 2 years prior to January 1, 2017, and were concurrently prescribed ARBs and CCBs for > 30 days during the 6 months from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2017 were included in the study. Patients were categorized into the ‘fimasartan group’ (those prescribed fimasartan) and the ‘non-fimasartan group’ (those prescribed ARBs other than fimasartan). The index date was set as the last day of a 30-day prescription period for ARBs and CCBs, with a subsequent 2.5-year follow-up to observe the potential addition of a third drug, such as beta-blockers or diuretics. Results The study included 34,422 patients with a mean age of 60.3 years and 58.3% being male. The fimasartan group constituted 2.7% (n = 928) of the total, and the non-fimasartan group, 97.3% (n = 33,494). During the follow-up period, 38 patients in the fimasartan group (14.3 per 1,000 person-years) and 3,557 patients in the non-fimasartan group (42.8 per 1,000 person-years) required additional antihypertensive medications. After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cancer, heart failure, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, the fimasartan group showed a significantly lower rate of adding a third medication (hazard ratio 2.68, 95% confidence interval 1.95–3.69) compared to that of the non-fimasartan group. Conclusions Fimasartan is associated with a lower need for additional antihypertensive drugs compared to other ARBs. This implies its greater effectiveness in hypertension management, potentially enhancing cardiovascular outcomes, and minimizing polypharmacy.
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- 2024
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3. Characteristics, Predictors, and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction According to a 1‐Year Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Following Sacubitril/Valsartan Treatment
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Chan Soon Park, Jiesuck Park, Nan Young Bae, Soongu Kwak, Hong‐Mi Choi, Yeonyee E. Yoon, Seung‐Pyo Lee, Yong‐Jin Kim, In‐Chang Hwang, and Hyung‐Kwan Kim
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ARNI ,ejection fraction ,heart failure ,mortality ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Optimal medical treatment can lead to improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF). We investigated the characteristics, predictors, and outcomes of HFrEF according to the 1‐year LVEF following angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors therapy (ARNI). Methods and Results Using the STRATS‐HF‐ARNI (Strain for Risk Assessment and Therapeutic Strategies in Patients With Heart Failure Treated With Angiotensin Receptor‐Neprilysin Inhibitor) registry, we identified 1074 patients with HFrEF who took ARNI and underwent baseline and 1‐year echocardiography. Patients were classified as HF with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) and persistent HFrEF (perHFrEF) (1‐year LVEF >40% and ≤40%). The primary and secondary outcomes were all‐cause and cardiac mortality from the 1‐year follow‐up. Among 1074 included patients, 498 (46.4%) had HFimpEF, and 576 (53.6%) had perHFrEF. Older age, male sex, and large LV end‐diastolic volumes were positive predictors of perHFrEF, whereas atrial fibrillation and high systolic blood pressure were identified as inverse predictors. Patients with HFimpEF showed lower all‐cause and cardiac mortality rates (both log‐rank P
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- 2024
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4. Association between personality, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study of UK Biobank data
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Yong-Jin Kim, Seung-Pyo Lee, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Jun-Bean Park, Chan Soon Park, Soongu Kwak, Soo Heon Kwak, and Jaewon Choi
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Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Introduction Various strategies aim to better assess risks and refine prevention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who vary in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the prognostic value of personality and its association with lifestyle factors remain elusive.Research design and methods We identified 8794 patients with T2DM from the UK Biobank database between 2006 and 2010 and followed them up until the end of 2021. We assessed personality traits using the Big Five proxies derived from UK Biobank data: sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity, and nervousness. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were determined from information about obesity, smoking status, and physical activity. The primary outcome was a composite of incident CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF).Results During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, a total of 2110 patients experienced CVDs. Among personality traits, diligence was significantly associated with a reduced risk of primary and secondary outcomes. The adjusted HRs with 95% CIs were: composite CVD, 0.93 (0.89–0.97); MI 0.90 (0.82–1.00); IS 0.83 (0.74–0.94); AF 0.92 (0.85–0.98); HF 0.84 (0.76–0.91). Healthy lifestyle behaviors significantly reduced the risk of composite CVDs in groups with high and low diligence. The findings of a structural equation model showed that diligence directly affected the risk of the primary outcome or indirectly by modifying lifestyle behaviors.Conclusion This study revealed which personality traits can influence CVD risk during T2DM and how patients might benefit from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors in relation to personality.
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- 2024
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5. Protein Signatures of Parathyroid Adenoma according to Tumor Volume and Functionality
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Sung Hye Kong, Jeong Mo Bae, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Dohyun Han, and Chan Soo Shin
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parathyroid ,adenoma ,proteins ,parathyroid hormone ,volume ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background Parathyroid adenoma (PA) is a common endocrine disease linked to multiple complications, but the pathophysiology of the disease remains incompletely understood. The study aimed to identify the key regulator proteins and pathways of PA according to functionality and volume through quantitative proteomic analyses. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 15 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PA samples from tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Proteins were extracted, digested, and the resulting peptides were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to identify proteins significantly correlated with clinical variables. Canonical pathways and transcription factors were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results The median age of the participants was 52 years, and 60.0% were female. Among the 8,153 protein groups analyzed, 496 showed significant positive correlations with adenoma volume, while 431 proteins were significantly correlated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The proteins SLC12A9, LGALS3, and CARM1 were positively correlated with adenoma volume, while HSP90AB2P, HLA-DRA, and SCD5 showed negative correlations. DCPS, IRF2BPL, and FAM98A were the main proteins that exhibited positive correlations with PTH levels, and SLITRK4, LAP3, and AP4E1 had negative correlations. Canonical pathway analysis demonstrated that the RAN and sirtuin signaling pathways were positively correlated with both PTH levels and adenoma volume, while epithelial adherence junction pathways had negative correlations. Conclusion Our study identified pivotal proteins and pathways associated with PA, offering potential therapeutic targets. These findings accentuate the importance of proteomics in understanding disease pathophysiology and the need for further research.
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- 2024
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6. J-shaped association between LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular events: A longitudinal primary prevention cohort of over 2.4 million people nationwide
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Chan Soon Park, Han-Mo Yang, Kyungdo Han, Hee-Sun Lee, Jeehoon Kang, Jung-Kyu Han, Kyung Woo Park, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, and Hyo-Soo Kim
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Myocardial infarction ,Ischemic stroke ,Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ,Lipid profiles ,Prognosis ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Introduction: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering treatment is beneficial for the secondary or primary prevention of high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the prognostic implications of low LDL cholesterol levels in patients without previous ASCVD and without statin use remain elusive. Methods: From a nationwide cohort, 2,432,471 participants without previous ASCVD or statin use were included. For myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS), participants were followed-up from 2009 to 2018. They were stratified according to 10-year ASCVD risk (
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- 2024
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7. A Computed Tomography–Based Fracture Prediction Model With Images of Vertebral Bones and Muscles by Employing Deep Learning: Development and Validation Study
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Sung Hye Kong, Wonwoo Cho, Sung Bae Park, Jaegul Choo, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, and Chan Soo Shin
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundWith the progressive increase in aging populations, the use of opportunistic computed tomography (CT) scanning is increasing, which could be a valuable method for acquiring information on both muscles and bones of aging populations. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and externally validate opportunistic CT-based fracture prediction models by using images of vertebral bones and paravertebral muscles. MethodsThe models were developed based on a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 1214 patients with abdominal CT images between 2010 and 2019. The models were externally validated in 495 patients. The primary outcome of this study was defined as the predictive accuracy for identifying vertebral fracture events within a 5-year follow-up. The image models were developed using an attention convolutional neural network–recurrent neural network model from images of the vertebral bone and paravertebral muscles. ResultsThe mean ages of the patients in the development and validation sets were 73 years and 68 years, and 69.1% (839/1214) and 78.8% (390/495) of them were females, respectively. The areas under the receiver operator curve (AUROCs) for predicting vertebral fractures were superior in images of the vertebral bone and paravertebral muscles than those in the bone-only images in the external validation cohort (0.827, 95% CI 0.821-0.833 vs 0.815, 95% CI 0.806-0.824, respectively; P
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- 2024
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8. Facile fabrication and characterization of MXene/cellulose composites for electrical properties, electric heating performance
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Chan Sol Kang, Jong Kyu Kim, Chae-Seok Lee, HoJong Chang, Yeong Heon Cho, Cheera Prasad, and Hyeong Yeol Choi
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MXenes ,Cellulose fiber ,Electrical properties ,Electro-heating ,E-textile ,Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc. ,TP890-933 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Abstract Developing energy-efficient and multifunctional wearable electronic textiles (E-textiles) is a significant challenge. This study investigates MXene-coated cellulose hybrid fibers, focusing on their electrical properties, heating performance, and thermal stability. The fabrication process involves continuous dipping of cellulose fibers into an aqueous MXene solution, resulting in the creation of MXene-coated cellulose hybrid fibers. We confirm the uniform coating of MXene sheets on the cellulose fiber surfaces, with increasing content throughout the dip coating cycle, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The high thermal conductivity of MXene acts as a heat source, impacting the thermal stability of cellulose fibers at lower temperatures. Additionally, the electrical properties of MXene/cellulose hybrid fiber composites are influenced at elevated temperatures. Remarkably, the longitudinal electrical conductivity of the MXene-coated cellulose fiber composites exhibits a notable increase of 0.06 S/cm after the final coating cycle, demonstrating the effective and conductive nature of the layer-by-layer MXene network formed on the cellulose fibers.
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- 2024
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9. Risk of newly developed atrial fibrillation by alcohol consumption differs according to genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism: a large-scale cohort study with UK Biobank
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Chan Soon Park, Jaewon Choi, JungMin Choi, Kyung-Yeon Lee, Hyo-Jeong Ahn, Soonil Kwon, So-Ryoung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Soo Heon Kwak, and Seil Oh
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Atrial fibrillation ,Alcohol consumption ,Genetic predisposition to disease ,Prognosis ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The predictive relationship between mild-to-moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. Objective We investigated whether the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of incident AF could be associated with the genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism. Methods A total of 399,329 subjects with genetic data from the UK Biobank database, enrolled between 2006 and 2010, were identified and followed for incident AF until 2021. Genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism was stratified according to the polygenic risk score (PRS) tertiles. Alcohol consumption was categorized as non-drinkers, mild-to-moderate drinkers (< 30 g/day), and heavy drinkers (≥ 30 g/day). Results During the follow-up (median 12.2 years), 19,237 cases of AF occurred. When stratified by PRS tertiles, there was a significant relationship between genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism and actual alcohol consumption habits (P < 0.001). Mild-to-moderate drinkers showed a decreased risk of AF (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99), and heavy drinkers showed an increased risk of AF (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10) compared to non-drinkers. When stratified according to PRS tertiles for genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism, mild-to-moderate drinkers had equivalent AF risks, and heavy drinkers showed increased AF risk in the low PRS tertile group. However, mild-to-moderate drinkers had decreased AF risks and heavy drinkers showed similar risks of AF in the middle/high PRS tertile groups. Conclusions Differential associations between alcohol consumption habits and incident AF across genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism were observed; individuals with genetic predisposition to low alcohol metabolism were more susceptible to AF.
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- 2023
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10. Preparation and performance of alumina/epoxy-siloxane composites: A comparative study on thermal- and photo-curing process
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Chan Soo Kim, Junho Jang, Hyeon-Gyun Im, Seogyoung Yoon, and Dong Jun Kang
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Epoxy-siloxane composites ,Alumina particle ,Thermal conductivity ,Electronic packaging ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Although epoxy-based composites that consist of inorganic fillers and matrixes are widely used in “conventional” electronic packaging applications due to their excellent insulation and robust properties, they limit their uses in “advanced electronic packaging” which requires enhanced thermal conductivity. However, conventional thermal curing methods for fabrication of epoxy-based composites do not fulfill sufficient thermal conductivity. Herein, we apply photo-induced curing strategy for fabricating alumina-incorporated epoxy-siloxane composites that consist of sol-gel derived siloxane matrix and bimodal sized alumina particles as a thermally conductive filler. We investigate how curing mechanism (thermal- or UV-curing) and varying the ratios of the alumina particles of two different sizes affect the various physical properties. It is found that photo-curing process makes greatly enhanced thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and high mechanical robustness compared to thermally-cured composites. As the results, we can achieve significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (>11 W/m K) with high thermal stability and mechanical robustness.
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- 2024
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11. Rapid inverse design of metamaterials based on prescribed mechanical behavior through machine learning
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Chan Soo Ha, Desheng Yao, Zhenpeng Xu, Chenang Liu, Han Liu, Daniel Elkins, Matthew Kile, Vikram Deshpande, Zhenyu Kong, Mathieu Bauchy, and Xiaoyu (Rayne) Zheng
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Designing and printing metamaterials with customizable architectures enables the realization of unprecedented mechanical behaviors that transcend those of their constituent materials. These behaviors are recorded in the form of response curves, with stress-strain curves describing their quasi-static footprint. However, existing inverse design approaches are yet matured to capture the full desired behaviors due to challenges stemmed from multiple design objectives, nonlinear behavior, and process-dependent manufacturing errors. Here, we report a rapid inverse design methodology, leveraging generative machine learning and desktop additive manufacturing, which enables the creation of nearly all possible uniaxial compressive stress‒strain curve cases while accounting for process-dependent errors from printing. Results show that mechanical behavior with full tailorability can be achieved with nearly 90% fidelity between target and experimentally measured results. Our approach represents a starting point to inverse design materials that meet prescribed yet complex behaviors and potentially bypasses iterative design-manufacturing cycles.
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- 2023
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12. Clinical Practice Guideline: Clinical Efficacy of Nasal Surgery in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Do-Yang Park, Jae Hoon Cho, Yong Gi Jung, Ji Ho Choi, Dong-Kyu Kim, Sang-Wook Kim, Hyun Jun Kim, Hyo Yeol Kim, Soo Kyoung Park, Chan Soon Park, Hyung Chae Yang, Seung Hoon Lee, and Hyung-Ju Cho
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obstructive sleep apnea ,nasal surgery ,nasal obstruction ,guideline ,septoplasty ,continuous positive airway pressure ,Medicine ,Otorhinolaryngology ,RF1-547 - Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep. To reduce the morbidity of OSA, sleep specialists have explored various methods of managing the condition, including manifold positive airway pressure (PAP) techniques and surgical procedures. Nasal obstruction can cause significant discomfort during sleep, and it is likely that improving nasal obstruction would enhance the quality of life and PAP compliance of OSA patients. Many reliable studies have offered evidence to support this assumption. However, few comprehensive guidelines for managing OSA through nasal surgery encompass all this evidence. In order to address this gap, the Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (KORL-HNS) and the Korean Society of Sleep and Breathing designated a guideline development group (GDG) to develop recommendations for nasal surgery in OSA patients. Several databases, including OVID Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed, were searched to identify all relevant papers using a predefined search strategy. The types of nasal surgery included septoplasty, turbinate surgery, nasal valve surgery, septorhinoplasty, and endoscopic sinus surgery. When insufficient evidence was found, the GDG sought expert opinions and attempted to fill the evidence gap. Evidence-based recommendations for practice were ranked according to the American College of Physicians’ grading system. The GDG developed 10 key action statements with supporting text to support them. Three statements are ranked as strong recommendations, three are only recommendations, and four can be considered options. The GDG hopes that this clinical practice guideline will help physicians make optimal decisions when caring for OSA patients. Conversely, the statements in this guideline are not intended to limit or restrict physicians’ care based on their experience and assessment of individual patients.
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- 2023
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13. Differing Efficacy of Dapagliflozin Versus Empagliflozin on the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Real‐World Observation Using a Nationwide, Population‐Based Cohort
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Jaehyun Lim, Soongu Kwak, You‐Jung Choi, Tae‐Min Rhee, Chan Soon Park, Bongseong Kim, Kyung‐Do Han, Heesun Lee, Jun‐Bean Park, Yong‐Jin Kim, Hyun‐Jung Lee, and Hyung‐Kwan Kim
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atrial fibrillation ,dapagliflozin ,empagliflozin ,sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor ,type 2 diabetes ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Meta‐analyses of large clinical trials investigating SGLT2 (sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2) inhibitors have suggested their protective effects against atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the results were predominantly driven from trials involving dapagliflozin. Methods and Results We used a nationwide, population‐based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated either dapagliflozin or empagliflozin between May 2016 and December 2018. An active‐comparator, new‐user design was used, and the 2 groups of patients were matched using propensity scores. The primary outcome was incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, which was analyzed using both the main intention‐to‐treat and sensitivity analysis that censored patients who skipped their medications for ≥30 days. Men ≥55 years of age and women ≥60 years of age with ≥1 traditional risk factor or those with established cardiovascular disease were categorized as high cardiovascular risk group. Patients not included in the high‐risk group were categorized as low risk. After 1:1 propensity‐score matching, a total of 137 928 patients (mean age, 55 years; 58% men) were included and followed up for 2.2±0.6 years. The risk of incident atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the dapagliflozin group in both the main (hazard ratio [HR], 0.885 [95% CI, 0.789–0.992]) and sensitivity analyses (HR, 0.835 [95% CI, 0.719–0.970]). Notably, this was consistent in both the low and high cardiovascular risk groups. There was no effect modification by age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, or renal function. Conclusions This real‐world, population‐based study demonstrates that patients with type 2 diabetes using dapagliflozin may have a lower risk of developing nonvalvular atrial fibrillation than those using empagliflozin.
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- 2024
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14. New Differential-Based Distinguishers for Ascon via Constraint Programming
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Chan Song, Wenling Wu, and Lei Zhang
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Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,TK7885-7895 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
As the winner of the NIST lightweight cryptography project, Ascon has undergone extensive self-evaluation and third-party cryptanalysis. In this paper, we use constraint programming (CP) as a tool to analyze the Ascon permutation and propose several differential-based distinguishers. We first propose a search methodology for finding truncated differentials for Ascon with CP, the core of which is modeling with the undisturbed bits of the S-box. By using this method, we find the five- and six-round truncated differentials with a probability of 2−44 and 2−162, respectively. Considering the application of permutation in the context, we also provide the five- and six-round truncated differential distinguishers under the weak-key setting. Then, inspired by our five-round truncated differentials, we propose a six-round boomerang characteristic, and based on this, we obtain the five- and six-round sandwich distinguishers with a complexity of 270 and 2134, respectively. Using the CP tool again and specifying that the “3-3” differential pattern is satisfied in the middle rounds, we propose a six-round differential characteristic with a probability of 2−280, which increases the probability by 225 compared to the best known six-round differential characteristic.
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- 2024
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15. Systemic proinflammatory−profibrotic response in aortic stenosis patients with diabetes and its relationship with myocardial remodeling and clinical outcome
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Hyun-Jung Lee, Chan Soon Park, Sahmin Lee, Jun-Bean Park, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Sung-Ji Park, Yong-Jin Kim, and Seung-Pyo Lee
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Aortic valve stenosis ,Diabetes mellitus ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Proteome ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Background Previous studies have mainly focused more on how diabetes affects the valve than the myocardium in aortic stenosis (AS). In the pressure-overloaded heart, myocardial fibrosis is an important driver of the progression from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure. Using comprehensive noninvasive imaging and plasma proteomics, we investigated whether and how diabetes aggravates the remodeling of the myocardium and its relation with prognosis in AS patients. Methods Severe AS patients were enrolled in two prospective cohorts for imaging and biomarker analysis. The imaging cohort (n = 253) underwent echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, and the biomarker cohort (n = 100) blood sampling with multiplex proximity extension assay for 92 proteomic biomarkers. The composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure admissions and death was assessed in the imaging cohort. Results Diabetic patients were older (70.4 ± 6.8 versus 66.7 ± 10.1 years) with more advanced ventricular diastolic dysfunction and increased replacement and diffuse interstitial fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement % 0.3 [0.0–1.6] versus 0.0 [0.0–0.5], p = 0.009; extracellular volume fraction % 27.9 [25.7–30.1] versus 26.7 [24.9–28.5], p = 0.025) in the imaging cohort. Plasma proteomics analysis of the biomarker cohort revealed that 9 proteins (E-selectin, interleukin-1 receptor type 1, interleukin-1 receptor type 2, galectin-4, intercellular adhesion molecule 2, integrin beta-2, galectin-3, growth differentiation factor 15, and cathepsin D) were significantly elevated and that pathways related to inflammatory response and extracellular matrix components were enriched in diabetic AS patients. During follow-up (median 6.3 years), there were 53 unexpected heart failure admissions or death in the imaging cohort. Diabetes was a significant predictor of heart failure and death, independent of clinical covariates and aortic valve replacement (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.06−3.31, p = 0.030). Conclusions Plasma proteomic analyses indicate that diabetes potentiates the systemic proinflammatory−profibrotic milieu in AS patients. These systemic biological changes underlie the increase of myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and worse clinical outcomes in severe AS patients with concomitant diabetes.
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- 2023
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16. Safety and effectiveness of anticoagulation with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients on tuberculosis treatment
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Hyun-Jung Lee, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Bong-Seong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Chan Soon Park, Tae-Min Rhee, Jun-Bean Park, Heesun Lee, and Yong-Jin Kim
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Anti-tuberculosis treatment can cause significant drug-drug interaction and interfere with effective anticoagulation. However, there is a lack of evidence and conflicting data on the optimal oral anticoagulation in patients treated for tuberculosis. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of anticoagulation with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin in patients on anti-tuberculosis treatment. Patients on concomitant oral anticoagulation and anti-tuberculosis treatment including rifampin were identified from the Korean nationwide healthcare database. Subjects were censored at discontinuation of either anticoagulation or rifampin. The outcomes of interest were major bleeding, death, and ischemic stroke. A total 2090 patients (1153 on warfarin, 937 on NOAC) were included. NOAC users, compared to warfarin users, were older, had a lower prevalence of hypertension, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and aspirin use and a higher prevalence of cancer, with no significant differences in CHA2DS2-VASc or HAS-BLED scores. There were 18 major bleeding events, 106 deaths, and 50 stroke events during a mean follow-up of 2.9 months. After multivariable adjustment, the use of NOAC was associated with a lower risk of incident ischemic stroke (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.94), while there was no significant difference in risk for major bleeding or death compared with warfarin. These results suggest that NOACs have better effectiveness for stroke prevention and similar safety compared with warfarin in patients on concomitant anti-tuberculosis treatment. This is the first study assessing the safety and effectiveness of NOACs compared to warfarin in this clinical scenario.
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- 2023
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17. Exploring Writing Anxiety during Writing Process: An Analysis of Perceptions in Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners
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Jing Sun, Saeid Motevalli, and Nee Nee Chan
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Writing anxiety has been identified as a significant obstacle for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in China, with previous studies indicating that it can negatively affect writing performance. Despite this, most research on writing anxiety in the Chinese EFL context has focused on the relationship between writing anxiety and writing performance, with limited attention paid to exploring writing anxiety during the writing process and its sources in depth. This study applied a qualitative method to explore Chinese EFL learners' writing anxiety in the writing process. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing data collected through semistructured interviews with 18 Chinese EFL learners. The results revealed seven primary themes, including lack of knowledge about the writing topic, inexperience with the genre, challenges with brainstorming or coming up with ideas, trouble with structuring or arranging information, difficulty with integrating sources, linguistic difficulty, and negative or no feedback from instructors. The findings indicated that writing anxiety accompanies throughout the writing process. EFL learners need strategies to alleviate writing anxiety, including clear instructions on how to approach writing tasks, provision of appropriate resources, individualized feedback, and a supportive learning environment.
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- 2024
18. Digestibility of amino acids in fish meal and blood-derived protein sources fed to pigs
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Chan Sol Park and Olayiwola Adeola
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amino acid ,blood product ,digestibility ,fish meal ,protein ,swine ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fish meal (FM) and blood-derived protein sources including spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), porcine red blood cells (PRBC), and blood meal (BM) fed to growing pigs. Methods Ten barrows (mean initial body weight of 22.1±1.54 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were allotted to a duplicated 5×4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 experimental diets and 4 periods. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain FM, SDPP, PRBC, or BM as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared and included to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. For the 7-day experimental period, pigs were fed for 5 days as adaptation, and ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 hours on days 6 and 7. Results The SID of crude protein in BM (48.0%) was less (p
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- 2022
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19. Development of a Spine X-Ray-Based Fracture Prediction Model Using a Deep Learning Algorithm
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Sung Hye Kong, Jae-Won Lee, Byeong Uk Bae, Jin Kyeong Sung, Kyu Hwan Jung, Jung Hee Kim, and Chan Soo Shin
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osteoporotic fractures ,deep learning ,x-rays ,risk assessment ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background Since image-based fracture prediction models using deep learning are lacking, we aimed to develop an X-ray-based fracture prediction model using deep learning with longitudinal data. Methods This study included 1,595 participants aged 50 to 75 years with at least two lumbosacral radiographs without baseline fractures from 2010 to 2015 at Seoul National University Hospital. Positive and negative cases were defined according to whether vertebral fractures developed during follow-up. The cases were divided into training (n=1,416) and test (n=179) sets. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based prediction algorithm, DeepSurv, was trained with images and baseline clinical information (age, sex, body mass index, glucocorticoid use, and secondary osteoporosis). The concordance index (C-index) was used to compare performance between DeepSurv and the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and Cox proportional hazard (CoxPH) models. Results Of the total participants, 1,188 (74.4%) were women, and the mean age was 60.5 years. During a mean follow-up period of 40.7 months, vertebral fractures occurred in 7.5% (120/1,595) of participants. In the test set, when DeepSurv learned with images and clinical features, it showed higher performance than FRAX and CoxPH in terms of C-index values (DeepSurv, 0.612; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.571 to 0.653; FRAX, 0.547; CoxPH, 0.594; 95% CI, 0.552 to 0.555). Notably, the DeepSurv method without clinical features had a higher C-index (0.614; 95% CI, 0.572 to 0.656) than that of FRAX in women. Conclusion DeepSurv, a CNN-based prediction algorithm using baseline image and clinical information, outperformed the FRAX and CoxPH models in predicting osteoporotic fracture from spine radiographs in a longitudinal cohort.
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- 2022
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20. Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf
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The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Hardison, A. R., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, J., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, R., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Henderson-Sapir, O., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Henshaw, C., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Heyns, J., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Honet, L., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Kawamoto, R., Kazemi, A., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadela, R., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khursheed, M., Khusid, N. M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Kobayashi, K., Obergaulinger, M., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kruska, K., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuntimaddi, N., Kuroyanagi, S., Kurth, N. J., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Kwok, J., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lalremruati, P. C., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Lawrence, M. N., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Jean, M. Le, Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levin, S. E., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Li, Z., Lihos, A., Lin, C-Y., Lin, C. -Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Lin, Y. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Villarreal, F. Llamas, Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. L., Locquet, J. -P., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Lorenzo-Medina, A., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott IV, T. P., Lough, J. D., Loughlin, H. A., Lousto, C. O., Lowry, M. J., Lu, N., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lussier, A. W., Ma, L. -T., Ma, S., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., Macedo, A., MacInnis, M., Maciy, R. R., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Makelele, E., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Mali, U., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Mansingh, G., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, B. B., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martini, A., Martinovic, K., Martins, J. C., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Massaro, L., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matcovich, T., Matiushechkina, M., Matsuyama, M., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McEachin, S., McElhenny, C., McGhee, G. I., McGinn, J., McGowan, K. B. M., McIver, J., McLeod, A., McRae, T., Meacher, D., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Mellaerts, S., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mera, F., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Mérou, J. R., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyer-Conde, M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Miller, A. L., Miller, S., Millhouse, M., Milotti, E., Milotti, V., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Mirasola, L., Miravet-Tenés, M., Miritescu, C. -A., Mishra, A. K., Mishra, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mitchell, A. L., Mitchell, J. G., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyamoto, S., Miyoki, S., Mo, G., Mobilia, L., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondal, C., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., More, A., More, S., Moreno, G., Morgan, C., Morisaki, S., Moriwaki, Y., Morras, G., Moscatello, A., Mourier, P., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Samanwaya, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Mundi, J., Mungioli, C. L., Oberg, W. R. Munn, Murakami, Y., Murakoshi, M., Murray, P. G., Muusse, S., Nabari, D., Nadji, S. L., Nagar, A., Nagarajan, N., Nagler, K. N., Nakagaki, K., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nandi, D., Napolano, V., Narayan, P., Nardecchia, I., Narikawa, T., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, S., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Nichols, S. A., Nielsen, A. B., Nieradka, G., Niko, A., Nishino, Y., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Niu, W., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Novak, J., Siles, J. F. Nuño, Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, K., Oberling, J., O'Dell, J., Oertel, M., Offermans, A., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., O'Hanlon, T., Ohashi, M., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Oliveira, A. S., Oliveri, R., O'Neal, B., Oohara, K., O'Reilly, B., Ormsby, N. D., Orselli, M., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, S., Oshima, Y., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Ota, I., Ottaway, D. J., Ouzriat, A., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pal, A., Pal, S., Palaia, M. A., Pálfi, M., Palma, P. P., Palomba, C., Palud, P., Pan, H., Pan, J., Pan, K. C., Panai, R., Panda, P. K., Pandey, S., Panebianco, L., Pang, P. T. H., Pannarale, F., Pannone, K. A., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Paoletti, F., Paolone, A., Papalexakis, E. E., Papalini, L., Papigkiotis, G., Paquis, A., Parisi, A., Park, B. -J., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascale, G., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passenger, L., Passuello, D., Patane, O., Pathak, D., Pathak, M., Patra, A., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, K., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pearce, T., Pedraza, M., Pegna, R., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penn, S., Penuliar, M. D., Perego, A., Pereira, Z., Perez, J. J., Périgois, C., Perna, G., Perreca, A., Perret, J., Perriès, S., Perry, J. W., Pesios, D., Petracca, S., Petrillo, C., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piarulli, M., Piccari, L., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierra, G., Pierro, V., Pietrzak, M., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pompili, L., Poon, J., Porcelli, E., Porter, E. K., Posnansky, C., Poulton, R., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradhan, B. K., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Prasia, P., Pratten, G., Principe, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Puecher, A., Pullin, J., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quéméner, G., Quetschke, V., Quigley, C., Quinonez, P. J., Raab, F. J., Raabith, S. S., Raaijmakers, G., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Ramirez, K. E., Vidal, F. A. Ramis, Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, D., Ranjan, S., Ransom, K., Rapagnani, P., Ratto, B., Rawat, S., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Payo, M. 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- Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19th, during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered $\sim 14\%$ of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz where we assume the GW emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy $1 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2$ and luminosity $4 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2/\text{s}$ for a source emitting at 50 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as $1.04$, at frequencies above $1200$ Hz, surpassing results from SN 2019ejj., Comment: Main paper: 6 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Total with appendices: 20 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
- Published
- 2024
21. A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154
- Author
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The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. 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- Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by CHIME/FRB and STARE2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations' O3 observing run. Here we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs. We do not detect any significant GW emission from any of the events. Instead, using a short-duration GW search (for bursts $\leq$ 1 s) we derive 50\% (90\%) upper limits of $10^{48}$ ($10^{49}$) erg for GWs at 300 Hz and $10^{49}$ ($10^{50}$) erg at 2 kHz, and constrain the GW-to-radio energy ratio to $\leq 10^{14} - 10^{16}$. We also derive upper limits from a long-duration search for bursts with durations between 1 and 10 s. These represent the strictest upper limits on concurrent GW emission from FRBs., Comment: 15 pages of text including references, 4 figures, 5 tables
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- 2024
22. Mixture of Multicenter Experts in Multimodal Generative AI for Advanced Radiotherapy Target Delineation
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Oh, Yujin, Park, Sangjoon, Li, Xiang, Yi, Wang, Paly, Jonathan, Efstathiou, Jason, Chan, Annie, Kim, Jun Won, Byun, Hwa Kyung, Lee, Ik Jae, Cho, Jaeho, Wee, Chan Woo, Shu, Peng, Wang, Peilong, Yu, Nathan, Holmes, Jason, Ye, Jong Chul, Li, Quanzheng, Liu, Wei, Koom, Woong Sub, Kim, Jin Sung, and Kim, Kyungsang
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Clinical experts employ diverse philosophies and strategies in patient care, influenced by regional patient populations. However, existing medical artificial intelligence (AI) models are often trained on data distributions that disproportionately reflect highly prevalent patterns, reinforcing biases and overlooking the diverse expertise of clinicians. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the Mixture of Multicenter Experts (MoME) approach. This method strategically integrates specialized expertise from diverse clinical strategies, enhancing the AI model's ability to generalize and adapt across multiple medical centers. The MoME-based multimodal target volume delineation model, trained with few-shot samples including images and clinical notes from each medical center, outperformed baseline methods in prostate cancer radiotherapy target delineation. The advantages of MoME were most pronounced when data characteristics varied across centers or when data availability was limited, demonstrating its potential for broader clinical applications. Therefore, the MoME framework enables the deployment of AI-based target volume delineation models in resource-constrained medical facilities by adapting to specific preferences of each medical center only using a few sample data, without the need for data sharing between institutions. Expanding the number of multicenter experts within the MoME framework will significantly enhance the generalizability, while also improving the usability and adaptability of clinical AI applications in the field of precision radiation oncology., Comment: 39 pages
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- 2024
23. Outcome-Based Decision-Making Algorithm for Treating Patients with Primary Aldosteronism
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Jung Hee Kim, Chang Ho Ahn, Su Jin Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Jung-Min Koh, and Seung Hun Lee
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adrenalectomy ,clinical decision rules ,hyperaldosteronism ,patient selection ,treatment outcome ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background Optimal management of primary aldosteronism (PA) is crucial due to the increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard method for determining subtype but is technically challenging and invasive. Some PA patients do not benefit clinically from surgery. We sought to develop an algorithm to improve decision-making before engaging in AVS and surgery in clinical practice. Methods We conducted the ongoing Korean Primary Aldosteronism Study at two tertiary centers. Study A involved PA patients with successful catheterization and a unilateral nodule on computed tomography and aimed to predict unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (n=367). Study B involved similar patients who underwent adrenalectomy and aimed to predict postoperative outcome (n=330). In study A, we implemented important feature selection using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Results We developed a unilateral PA prediction model using logistic regression analysis: lowest serum potassium level ≤3.4 mEq/L, aldosterone-to-renin ratio ≥150, plasma aldosterone concentration ≥30 ng/mL, and body mass index
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- 2022
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24. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Fractures and Falls According to Dosage and Interval: A Meta-Analysis
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Sung Hye Kong, Han Na Jang, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, and Chan Soo Shin
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fractures, bone ,vitamin d ,dietary supplements ,meta-analysis ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background Although recent studies comparing various dosages and intervals of vitamin D supplementation have been published, it is yet to be elucidated whether there is an appropriate dose or interval to provide benefit regarding fracture risk. We aimed to assess the published evidence available to date regarding the putative beneficial effects of vitamin D supplements on fractures and falls according to various dosages and intervals. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies reporting associations between vitamin D supplementation and the risks of fractures and falls in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library. Studies with supplements of ergocalciferol or calcitriol, those with a number of event ≤10, or those with a follow-up duration of less than 6 months were also excluded. Results Thirty-two studies were included in the final analysis. Vitamin D supplementation with daily dose of 800 to 1,000 mg was associated with lower risks of osteoporotic fracture and fall (pooled relative risk [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.97 and RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.98), while studies with 1,000 mg/day did not. Also, among intervals, daily administration of vitamin D was associated with the reduced risk of falls, while intermittent dose was not. Also, patients with vitamin D deficiency showed a significant risk reduction of falls after vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion Daily vitamin D dose of 800 to 1,000 IU was the most probable way to reduce the fracture and fall risk. Further studies designed with various regimens and targeted vitamin D levels are required to elucidate the benefits of vitamin D supplements.
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- 2022
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25. Myocardial strain to identify benefit from beta‐blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
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Chan Soon Park, Jin Joo Park, In‐Chang Hwang, Jun‐Bean Park, Jae‐Hyeong Park, and Goo‐Yeong Cho
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Beta‐blocker ,Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction ,Mortality ,Myocardial strain ,Prognosis ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Aims Not all patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) benefit equally from beta‐blockers. Previous studies suggest that myocardial strain that reflects myocardial deformation may have a better prognostic value than the left ventricular ejection fraction. We aimed to evaluate the differential effect of beta‐blockers according to the global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with HFrEF. Methods and results Of the 4312 patients in the Strain for Risk Assessment and Therapeutic Strategies in Patients with Acute Heart Failure registry, we included 2126 HFrEF patients whose data on beta‐blocker use and GLS were available. Patients were categorized into two groups: one group of patients had GLS ≥ 10%, and the other group had GLS 0.05). Conclusions Beta‐blocker use appears to be associated with improved survival in patients with HFrEF and GLS
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- 2022
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26. Online Learning Problems, Academic Worries, Social Interaction, and Psychological Well-Being among Secondary School Students in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Socioeconomic and Gender Differences
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Siu-Ming Chan, Gary Ka-Ki Chung, Yat-Hang Chan, Thomas Sze-Kit Lee, Ji-Kang Chen, Hung Wong, Roger Yat-Nork Chung, Yikang Chen, and Esther Sui-Chu Ho
- Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous schools halted face-to-face teaching and instead resorted to online classes. The impact of online learning on students' academic worries, social relationships, and psychological well-being has received growing attention. Based on a sample of 1095 students aged 14-16 in 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong, structural equation modeling was used to investigate the association between online learning problems, academic worries and performance, social interaction, and psychosocial well-being during the pandemic. The path relationships among variables were compared by gender groups and socio-economic status (SES). Online learning problems were found to be negatively associated with psychosocial well-being through academic worries and social interaction as mediators. The effect of mediation among female students was larger than that of males, whereas the impact of academic worries on both psychosocial well-being and social interaction was stronger and significant only in the low SES group. As the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the learning and well-being of students, attention should be given to gender and SES difference among students.
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- 2024
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27. The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Extracellular Vesicles from Korean Women in Their 20s on Skin Aging
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Chan Song Jo, Cheol Hwan Myung, Yeo Cho Yoon, Beom Hee Ahn, Jin Woo Min, Won Sang Seo, Dong Hwan Lee, Hee Cheol Kang, Yun Hoe Heo, Hyeong Choi, In Ki Hong, and Jae Sung Hwang
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extracellular vesicles (EVs) ,exosome ,skin aging ,Lactobacillus plantarum ,pigmentation ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, which are highly conserved in most cells, contain biologically active substances. The vesicles and substances interact with cells and impact physiological mechanisms. The skin is the most external organ and is in direct contact with the external environment. Photoaging and skin damage are caused by extrinsic factors. The formation of wrinkles is a major indicator of skin aging and is caused by a decrease in collagen and hyaluronic acid. MMP-1 expression is also increased. Due to accruing damage, skin aging reduces the ability of the skin barrier, thereby lowering the skin’s ability to contain water and increasing the amount of water loss. L. plantarum suppresses various harmful bacteria by secreting an antimicrobial substance. L. plantarum is also found in the skin, and research on the interactions between the bacteria and the skin is in progress. Although several studies have investigated L. plantarum, there are only a limited number of studies on extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from L. plantarum, especially in relation to skin aging. Herein, we isolated EVs that were secreted from L. plantarum of women in their 20s (LpEVs). We then investigated the effect of LpEVs on skin aging in CCD986sk. We showed that LpEVs modulated the mRNA expression of ECM related genes in vitro. Furthermore, LpEVs suppressed wrinkle formation and pigmentation in clinical trials. These results demonstrated that LpEVs have a great effect on skin aging by regulating ECM related genes. In addition, our study offers important evidence on the depigmentation effect of LpEVs.
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- 2022
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28. Unveiling Genetic Variants Underlying Vitamin D Deficiency in Multiple Korean Cohorts by a Genome-Wide Association Study
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Ye An Kim, Ji Won Yoon, Young Lee, Hyuk Jin Choi, Jae Won Yun, Eunsin Bae, Seung-Hyun Kwon, So Eun Ahn, Ah-Ra Do, Heejin Jin, Sungho Won, Do Joon Park, Chan Soo Shin, and Je Hyun Seo
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vitamin d deficiency ,genome-wide association study ,asians ,genetic predisposition to disease ,polymorphism, single nucleotide ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background Epidemiological data have shown that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Korea. Genetic factors influencing vitamin D deficiency in humans have been studied in Europe but are less known in East Asian countries, including Korea. We aimed to investigate the genetic factors related to vitamin D levels in Korean people using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Methods We included 12,642 subjects from three different genetic cohorts consisting of Korean participants. The GWAS was performed on 7,590 individuals using linear or logistic regression meta- and mega-analyses. After identifying significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we calculated heritability and performed replication and rare variant analyses. In addition, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis for significant SNPs was performed. Results rs12803256, in the actin epsilon 1, pseudogene (ACTE1P) gene, was identified as a novel polymorphism associated with vitamin D deficiency. SNPs, such as rs11723621 and rs7041, in the group-specific component gene (GC) and rs11023332 in the phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) gene were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency in both meta- and mega-analyses. The SNP heritability of the vitamin D concentration was estimated to be 7.23%. eQTL analysis for rs12803256 for the genes related to vitamin D metabolism, including glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase (NADSYN1) and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), showed significantly different expression according to alleles. Conclusion The genetic factors underlying vitamin D deficiency in Korea included polymorphisms in the GC, PDE3B, NADSYN1, and ACTE1P genes. The biological mechanism of a non-coding SNP (rs12803256) for DHCR7/NADSYN1 on vitamin D concentrations is unclear, warranting further investigations.
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- 2021
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29. Determinants of the survival benefit associated with statins in patients with acute heart failure
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Chan Soon Park, In‐Chang Hwang, Jin Joo Park, Jae‐Hyeong Park, Jun‐Bean Park, and Goo‐Yeong Cho
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Statins ,Heart failure ,Myocardial function ,Mortality ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Aims The benefit of statins in patients with heart failure (HF) remains controversial and the mechanism of action is largely speculative. We investigated the determinants of the survival benefit associated with statins in HF patients. Methods and results We enrolled 1680 acute HF patients receiving statins and 2157 patients not receiving statins admitted between 2009 and 2016. The left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) was assessed as a measure of myocardial contractility. The primary outcome was 5 year all‐cause mortality. Statin therapy was independently associated with improved survival in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.781, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.621–0.981, P = 0.034], but not in those with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) (adjusted HR 0.881, 95% CI 0.712–1.090, P = 0.244). Mortality reduction associated with statin therapy was significant in patients with ischaemic HF (adjusted HR 0.775, 95% CI 0.607–0.989, P = 0.040), but not in those with non‐ischaemic HF (adjusted HR 0.895, 95% CI 0.734–1.092, P = 0.275). The relative magnitude of survival benefit with statin therapy increased as LV‐EF and LV‐GLS increased, with a steeper dose–response relationship in patients with ischaemic HF. In the subgroup of patients with ischaemic HF, survival benefit with statin therapy was confined to those ≤75 years of age. Conclusions Our study suggests that the survival benefit of statins is confined to patients with HFpEF and those with ischaemic HF. Myocardial contractility may modulate the prognostic effects of statins in HF patients, particularly when the aetiology is ischaemic rather than non‐ischaemic.
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- 2021
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30. Applications of Machine Learning in Bone and Mineral Research
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Sung Hye Kong and Chan Soo Shin
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osteoporosis ,data science ,medical informatics ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
In this unprecedented era of the overwhelming volume of medical data, machine learning can be a promising tool that may shed light on an individualized approach and a better understanding of the disease in the field of osteoporosis research, similar to that in other research fields. This review aimed to provide an overview of the latest studies using machine learning to address issues, mainly focusing on osteoporosis and fractures. Machine learning models for diagnosing and classifying osteoporosis and detecting fractures from images have shown promising performance. Fracture risk prediction is another promising field of research, and studies are being conducted using various data sources. However, these approaches may be biased due to the nature of the techniques or the quality of the data. Therefore, more studies based on the proposed guidelines are needed to improve the technical feasibility and generalizability of artificial intelligence algorithms.
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- 2021
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31. Perioperative hemodynamic instability in pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma patients
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Jung Hee Kim, Hyung-Chul Lee, Su-jin Kim, Soo Bin Yoon, Sung Hye Kong, Hyeong Won Yu, Young Jun Chai, June Young Choi, Kyu Eun Lee, Kwang-Woong Lee, Seung-Kee Min, Chan Soo Shin, and Kyu Joo Park
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract For pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL), surgery can be used as a curative treatment; however, the life-threatening risk of perioperative hemodynamic instability (HI) presents challenges. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and predictive factors of perioperative HI. The electronic medical records of 114 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for PPGLs at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. HI was defined as one or more episodes of systolic blood pressure > 200 mmHg or mean blood pressure
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- 2021
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32. Supportive care 2030 movement: towards unifying ambitions for global excellence in supportive cancer care-an international Delphi study.
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Chan, Raymond, Knowles, Reegan, Ashbury, Fredrick, Bowen, Joanne, Chan, Alexandre, Chin, Melissa, Olver, Ian, Taylor, Carolyn, Tinianov, Stacey, Alberti, Paola, Bossi, Paolo, Brito-Dellan, Norman, Cooksley, Tim, Crawford, Gregory, Dixit, Niharika, Fitch, Margaret, Freedman, Jason, Ginex, Pamela, Hart, Nicolas, Hertz, Daniel, Jefford, Michael, Koczwara, Bogda, Naito, Tateaki, Orsey, Andrea, Ruhlmann, Christina, Tsoukalas, Nikolaos, van den Hurk, Corina, Van Sebille, Ysabella, Wardill, Hannah, Scotte, Florian, and Lustberg, Maryam
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Optimal care ,Palliative care ,Supportive care ,Supportive oncology ,Toxicity - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Supportive care to ensure optimal quality of life is an essential component of cancer care and symptom control across the lifespan. Ongoing advances in cancer treatment, increasing toxicity from many novel treatment regimes, and variations in access to care and cancer outcomes across the globe and resource settings present significant challenges for supportive care delivery. To date, no overarching framework has been developed to guide supportive care development worldwide. As an initial step of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Supportive Care 2030 Movement, we developed a targeted, unifying set of ambition statements to envision the future of supportive cancer care. METHODS: From September 2022 until June 2023, we used a modified Delphi methodology to develop and attain consensus about ambition statements related to supportive cancer care. Leaders of MASCC Study Groups were invited to participate in an Expert Panel for the first two Delphi rounds (and a preliminary round to suggest potential ambition statements). Patient Advocates then examined and provided input regarding the ambition statements. FINDINGS: Twenty-seven Expert Panelists and 11 Patient Advocates participated. Consensus was attained on 13 ambition statements, with two sub-statements. The ambition statements addressed global standards for guideline development and implementation, coordinated and individualized care, dedicated supportive oncology services, self-management, needs for screening and actions, patient education, behavioral support, financial impact minimization, comprehensive survivorship care, and timely palliative care, reflecting collaboration, coordination and team-based approach across all levels. INTERPRETATION: This study is the first to develop shared ambitions for the future of supportive cancer care on a global level. These ambition statements can facilitate a coordinated, resource-stratified, and person-centered approach and inform research, education, clinical services, and policy efforts. FUNDING: This project received funding support from Prof Raymond Chans NHMRC Investigator Grant (APP1194051).
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- 2024
33. Impact of a Multidisciplinary Supportive Care Model Using Distress Screening at an Asian Ambulatory Cancer Center: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
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Ke, Yu, Neo, Patricia Soek Hui, Yang, Grace Meijuan, Neo, Shirlyn Hui-Shan, Tan, Yung Ying, Tan, Yee Pin, Ramalingam, Mothi Babu, Loh, Kiley Wei-Jen, Quah, Daniel Song Chiek, Chew, Lita, Hui, Phebe En, Chan, Raymond Javan, Hwang, William Ying Khee, and Chan, Alexandre
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Cancer ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Women's Health ,Health Services ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Rehabilitation ,Social Determinants of Health ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Male ,Quality of Life ,Adult ,Aged ,Cancer Survivors ,Psychological Distress ,Singapore ,Stress ,Psychological - Abstract
PurposeThe Accessible Cancer Care to Enable Support for Cancer Survivors (ACCESS) program adopts a multidisciplinary supportive care model with routine distress screening to triage newly diagnosed cancer survivors for additional support on the basis of distress levels. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of ACCESS over 1 year.MethodsWe performed cluster random assignment at the oncologist level in a 1:1 ratio to receive ACCESS or usual care. Participants 21 years and older, newly diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancer, and receiving care at National Cancer Centre Singapore were included. Outcomes assessed every 3 months for 1 year included quality of life (QoL) (primary), functioning, physical and psychological symptom burden, and activity levels. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects models.ResultsParticipants from 16 clusters (control = 90, intervention = 83) were analyzed. The ACCESS program did not significantly improve QoL (primary outcome). However, compared with usual care recipients, ACCESS recipients reported higher physical functioning (P = .017), role functioning (P = .001), and activity levels (P < .001) at 9 months and lower psychological distress (P = .025) at 12 months. ACCESS recipients screened with high distress had poorer QoL, lower role and social functioning, and higher physical symptom distress at 3 months but had comparable scores with ACCESS recipients without high distress after 12 months.ConclusionCompared with usual care, participation in the ACCESS program did not yield QoL improvement but showed earlier functioning recovery related to activities of daily living and reduced psychological distress. Routine distress screening is a promising mechanism to identify survivors with poorer health for more intensive supportive care.
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- 2024
34. RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human experts
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Wijk, Hjalmar, Lin, Tao, Becker, Joel, Jawhar, Sami, Parikh, Neev, Broadley, Thomas, Chan, Lawrence, Chen, Michael, Clymer, Josh, Dhyani, Jai, Ericheva, Elena, Garcia, Katharyn, Goodrich, Brian, Jurkovic, Nikola, Kinniment, Megan, Lajko, Aron, Nix, Seraphina, Sato, Lucas, Saunders, William, Taran, Maksym, West, Ben, and Barnes, Elizabeth
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Frontier AI safety policies highlight automation of AI research and development (R&D) by AI agents as an important capability to anticipate. However, there exist few evaluations for AI R&D capabilities, and none that are highly realistic and have a direct comparison to human performance. We introduce RE-Bench (Research Engineering Benchmark, v1), which consists of 7 challenging, open-ended ML research engineering environments and data from 71 8-hour attempts by 61 distinct human experts. We confirm that our experts make progress in the environments given 8 hours, with 82% of expert attempts achieving a non-zero score and 24% matching or exceeding our strong reference solutions. We compare humans to several public frontier models through best-of-k with varying time budgets and agent designs, and find that the best AI agents achieve a score 4x higher than human experts when both are given a total time budget of 2 hours per environment. However, humans currently display better returns to increasing time budgets, narrowly exceeding the top AI agent scores given an 8-hour budget, and achieving 2x the score of the top AI agent when both are given 32 total hours (across different attempts). Qualitatively, we find that modern AI agents possess significant expertise in many ML topics -- e.g. an agent wrote a faster custom Triton kernel than any of our human experts' -- and can generate and test solutions over ten times faster than humans, at much lower cost. We open-source the evaluation environments, human expert data, analysis code and agent trajectories to facilitate future research.
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- 2024
35. A 2x2 quantum dot array in silicon with fully tuneable pairwise interdot coupling
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Lim, Wee Han, Tanttu, Tuomo, Youn, Tony, Huang, Jonathan Yue, Serrano, Santiago, Dickie, Alexandra, Yianni, Steve, Hudson, Fay E., Escott, Christopher C., Yang, Chih Hwan, Laucht, Arne, Saraiva, Andre, Chan, Kok Wai, Cifuentes, Jesús D., and Dzurak, Andrew S.
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
Recent advances in semiconductor spin qubits have achieved linear arrays exceeding ten qubits. Moving to two-dimensional (2D) qubit arrays is a critical next step to advance towards fault-tolerant implementations, but it poses substantial fabrication challenges, particularly because enabling control of nearest-neighbor entanglement requires the incorporation of interstitial exchange gates between quantum dots in the qubit architecture. In this work, we present a 2D array of silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) quantum dots with tunable interdot coupling between all adjacent dots. The device is characterized at 4.2 K, where we demonstrate the formation and isolation of double-dot and triple-dot configurations. We show control of all nearest-neighbor tunnel couplings spanning up to 30 decades per volt through the interstitial exchange gates and use advanced modeling tools to estimate the exchange interactions that could be realized among qubits in this architecture. These results represent a significant step towards the development of 2D MOS quantum processors compatible with foundry manufacturing techniques., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
36. Personalised 3D Human Digital Twin with Soft-Body Feet for Walking Simulation
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Loke, Kum Yew, Chan, Sherwin Stephen, Lei, Mingyuan, Johan, Henry, Zuo, Bingran, and Ang, Wei Tech
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Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
With the increasing use of assistive robots in rehabilitation and assisted mobility of human patients, there has been a need for a deeper understanding of human-robot interactions particularly through simulations, allowing an understanding of these interactions in a digital environment. There is an emphasis on accurately modelling personalised 3D human digital twins in these simulations, to glean more insights on human-robot interactions. In this paper, we propose to integrate personalised soft-body feet, generated using the motion capture data of real human subjects, into a skeletal model and train it with a walking control policy. Through evaluation using ground reaction force and joint angle results, the soft-body feet were able to generate ground reaction force results comparable to real measured data and closely follow joint angle results of the bare skeletal model and the reference motion. This presents an interesting avenue to produce a dynamically accurate human model in simulation driven by their own control policy while only seeing kinematic information during training., Comment: 10 pages, 16th International Conference on Social Robotics
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- 2024
37. Observation of non-Hermitian boundary induced hybrid skin-topological effect excited by synthetic complex frequencies
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Jiang, Tianshu, Zhang, Chenyu, Zhang, Ruo-Yang, Yu, Yingjuan, Guan, Zhenfu, Wei, Zeyong, Wang, Zhanshan, Cheng, Xinbin, and Chan, C. T.
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Physics - Optics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The hybrid skin-topological effect (HSTE) has recently been proposed as a mechanism where topological edge states collapse into corner states under the influence of the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). However, directly observing this effect is challenging due to the complex frequencies of eigenmodes. In this study, we experimentally observe HSTE corner states using synthetic complex frequency excitations in a transmission line network. We demonstrate that HSTE induces asymmetric transmission along a specific direction within the topological band gap. Besides HSTE, we identify corner states originating from non-chiral edge states, which are caused by the unbalanced effective onsite energy shifts at the boundaries of the network. Furthermore, our results suggest that whether the bulk interior is Hermitian or non-Hermitian is not a key factor for HSTE. Instead, the HSTE states can be realized and relocated simply by adjusting the non-Hermitian distribution at the boundaries. Our research has deepened the understanding of a range of issues regarding HSTE, paving the way for advancements in the design of non-Hermitian topological devices.
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- 2024
38. Exploring hadron-quark phase transition in heavy-ion collisions using particle emission ratios in heavy and light reaction systems
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Zhu, Xun and Yong, Gao-Chan
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Nuclear Theory ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Based on the AMPT model, which incorporates both hadronic and quark degrees of freedom, we studied the productions of lambda, kaon, proton, and pion in reaction systems $^{40}$Ca+$^{40}$Ca, $^{48}$Ca+$^{48}$Ca, and $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au. It is found that the ratios of identical particle emissions from heavy and light reaction systems, especially the emission ratios of strange particles $\Lambda^{0}$ or K$^{+}$ in heavy and light reaction systems, are highly sensitive to the hadron-quark phase transition in heavy-ion collisions. Detailed explanations of these results and validations using the PACIAE model are given., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted
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- 2024
39. Qualitative and quantitative detection of the QCD phase-transition boundary
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Wu, Zhi-Min and Yong, Gao-Chan
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Nuclear Theory ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
In this compelling study, we delve into the intricate relationship between the Equation of State (EoS) that encompasses a ``QGP-like'' phase transition and the directed flow ($v_1$) of protons and $\Lambda$ particles, specifically at beam energies under 10 GeV. Utilizing the sophisticated Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT-HC) model, our analysis not only resonates with the STAR experimental data but also reveals striking dips in the directed flow strength for both types of particles as the collision energy is ramped up. These pronounced features, which are more noticeable across various phase-transition regions within the EoS, offer invaluable insights into the presence and detailed nature of the QCD phase transition. Our findings underline the critical role of directed flow measurements in beam energy scans as effective instruments for probing and understanding the phase structure of nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions, highlighting their potential to unlock new frontiers in high-energy nuclear physics., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted
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- 2024
40. Examining the potential synthesis of new elements with $^{294}$Og
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Zhang, Shuai, Yong, Gao-Chan, Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. L., and Cugnon, J.
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Nuclear Theory ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
In the relentless pursuit of expanding the periodic table, the discovery of element 119 remains elusive, despite two decades of dedicated research efforts. The traditional fusion-evaporation approach, although fruitful in the past, now appears to be approaching its operational limits. This scenario sets the stage for considering innovative methodologies essential for further advancements in the field of superheavy elements. Here, we introduce a pioneering strategy aimed at synthesizing element 119 by adapting and extending the nuclear reaction processes previously successful in producing element $^{294}$Og. This involved the fusion of $^{48}$Ca and $^{249}$Cf. Building on this, our novel approach incorporates an additional reactive target -- specifically, hydrogen -- positioned strategically behind the $^{249}$Cf. This configuration is designed to facilitate an immediate secondary reaction of the nascent $^{294}$Og with hydrogen, potentially forging new pathways to element 119. Preliminary insights also suggest that employing isotopes like deuterium or helium-3 as targets may not only enhance the production rates of element 119 but might also pave the way for the synthesis of even heavier elements, extending up to elements 120 and 121. We delve into the technicalities and feasibility of employing a dual-target method using a $^{48}$Ca beam, exploring new horizons in the quest for the superheavy unknown., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted
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- 2024
41. Detectability of Lensed Gravitational Waves in Matched-Filtering Searches
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Chan, Juno C. L., Seo, Eungwang, Li, Alvin K. Y., Fong, Heather, and Ezquiaga, Jose M.
- Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Gravitational lensing by compact, small-scale intervening masses causes frequency-dependent distortions to gravitational-wave events. The optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is often used as a proxy for the detectability of exotic signals in gravitational-wave searches. In reality, the detectability of such signals in a matched-filtering search requires comprehensive consideration of match-filtered SNR, signal-consistency test value, and other factors. In this work, we investigate for the first time the detectability of lensed gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences with a match-filtering search pipeline, GstLAL. Contrary to expectations from the optimal-SNR approximation approach, we show that the strength of a signal (i.e., higher optimal SNR) does not necessarily result in higher detectability. We also demonstrate that lensed gravitational waves with wave optics effects can suffer significantly, from $~90\%$ (unlensed) to $<1\%$ (lensed) detection efficiency, due to downranking by the signal-consistency test values. These findings stress the need to extend current template banks to effectively search for lensed gravitational waves and to reassess current constraints on compact dark matter scenarios., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2024
42. A Flexible Large Language Models Guardrail Development Methodology Applied to Off-Topic Prompt Detection
- Author
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Chua, Gabriel, Chan, Shing Yee, and Khoo, Shaun
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,68T50 ,I.2.7 - Abstract
Large Language Models are prone to off-topic misuse, where users may prompt these models to perform tasks beyond their intended scope. Current guardrails, which often rely on curated examples or custom classifiers, suffer from high false-positive rates, limited adaptability, and the impracticality of requiring real-world data that is not available in pre-production. In this paper, we introduce a flexible, data-free guardrail development methodology that addresses these challenges. By thoroughly defining the problem space qualitatively and passing this to an LLM to generate diverse prompts, we construct a synthetic dataset to benchmark and train off-topic guardrails that outperform heuristic approaches. Additionally, by framing the task as classifying whether the user prompt is relevant with respect to the system prompt, our guardrails effectively generalize to other misuse categories, including jailbreak and harmful prompts. Lastly, we further contribute to the field by open-sourcing both the synthetic dataset and the off-topic guardrail models, providing valuable resources for developing guardrails in pre-production environments and supporting future research and development in LLM safety., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
- Published
- 2024
43. Towards Degradation-Robust Reconstruction in Generalizable NeRF
- Author
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Park, Chan Ho, Cheng, Ka Leong, Wang, Zhicheng, and Chen, Qifeng
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Generalizable Neural Radiance Field (GNeRF) across scenes has been proven to be an effective way to avoid per-scene optimization by representing a scene with deep image features of source images. However, despite its potential for real-world applications, there has been limited research on the robustness of GNeRFs to different types of degradation present in the source images. The lack of such research is primarily attributed to the absence of a large-scale dataset fit for training a degradation-robust generalizable NeRF model. To address this gap and facilitate investigations into the degradation robustness of 3D reconstruction tasks, we construct the Objaverse Blur Dataset, comprising 50,000 images from over 1000 settings featuring multiple levels of blur degradation. In addition, we design a simple and model-agnostic module for enhancing the degradation robustness of GNeRFs. Specifically, by extracting 3D-aware features through a lightweight depth estimator and denoiser, the proposed module shows improvement on different popular methods in GNeRFs in terms of both quantitative and visual quality over varying degradation types and levels. Our dataset and code will be made publicly available.
- Published
- 2024
44. Fluid Antenna-Aided Rate-Splitting Multiple Access
- Author
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Ghadi, Farshad Rostami, Wong, Kai-Kit, Lopez-Martinez, F. Javier, Hanzo, Lajos, and Chae, Chan-Byoung
- Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing - Abstract
This letter considers a fluid antenna system (FAS)-aided rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) approach for downlink transmission. In particular, a base station (BS) equipped with a single traditional antenna system (TAS) uses RSMA signaling to send information to several mobile users (MUs) each equipped with FAS. To understand the achievable performance, we first present the distribution of the equivalent channel gain based on the joint multivariate t-distribution and then derive a compact analytical expression for the outage probability (OP). Moreover, we obtain the asymptotic OP in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Numerical results show that combining FAS with RSMA significantly outperforms TAS and conventional multiple access schemes, such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), in terms of OP. The results also indicate that FAS can be the tool that greatly improves the practicality of RSMA.
- Published
- 2024
45. Analytical Description of Backward Stimulated Raman Scattering Short Pulse Gain factor for Gaussian and Square Pulses
- Author
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Figueroa, Humberto, Sinclair, Mitchell, and Joshi, Chan
- Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
This work analytically compares the growth of Backward Stimulated Raman Scattering (B-SRS) induced by temporal laser pulses on the order of a few tens of laser cycles or a couple of picoseconds for nominally 10 um wavelength IR pulse with Gaussian versus the constant intensity profile assumed in the original theory, both delivering an equivalent energy. By evaluating the growth factors of these two pulse shapes, we demonstrate that the temporal structure of the laser pulse significantly influences the maximum growth rate of the instability. Specifically, while the growth rate for a square pulse increases linearly with time, the Gaussian pulse resultant growth rate tracks with the temporal intensity profile of the pulse. We utilize the newly calculated total maximum growth that a temporally varying pulse delivers above the B-SRS threshold and then determine the normalized intensity for a pulse that has same duration. and contains the same amount of total energy. We show that these energy equivalent square pulses yield the same total B-SRS growth as the Gaussian pulses., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
- Published
- 2024
46. SPICA: Retrieving Scenarios for Pluralistic In-Context Alignment
- Author
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Chen, Quan Ze, Feng, K. J. Kevin, Park, Chan Young, and Zhang, Amy X.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Alignment of large language models (LLMs) to societal values should account for pluralistic values from diverse groups. One technique uses in-context learning for inference-time alignment, but only considers similarity when drawing few-shot examples, not accounting for cross-group differences in value prioritization. We propose SPICA, a framework for pluralistic alignment that accounts for group-level differences during in-context example retrieval. SPICA introduces three designs to facilitate pluralistic alignment: scenario banks, group-informed metrics, and in-context alignment prompts. From an evaluation of SPICA on an alignment task collecting inputs from four demographic groups ($n = 544$), our metrics retrieve in-context examples that more closely match observed preferences, with the best prompt configuration using multiple contrastive responses to demonstrate examples. In an end-to-end evaluation ($n = 80$), we observe that SPICA-aligned models are higher rated than a baseline similarity-only retrieval approach, with groups seeing up to a +0.16 point improvement on a 5 point scale. Additionally, gains from SPICA were more uniform, with all groups benefiting from alignment rather than only some. Finally, we find that while a group-agnostic approach can effectively align to aggregated values, it is not most suited for aligning to divergent groups.
- Published
- 2024
47. Observation of the Yamaji effect in a cuprate superconductor
- Author
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Chan, Mun K., Schreiber, Katherine A., Ayala-Valenzuela, Oscar E., Bauer, Eric D., Shekhter, Arkady, and Harrison, Neil
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
The pseudogap state of high-$T_{\rm c}$ cuprates, known for its partial gapping of the Fermi surface above the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$, is believed to hold the key to understanding the origin of Planckian relaxation and quantum criticality. However, the nature of the Fermi surface in the pseudogap state has remained a fundamental open question. Here, we report the observation of the Yamaji effect above $T_{\rm c}$ in the single layer cuprate HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+\delta}$. This observation is direct evidence of closed Fermi surface pockets in the normal state of the pseudogap phase. The small size of the pockets determined from the Yamaji effect (occupying approximately $1.3\%$ of the Brillouin zone area) is all the more surprising given the absence of evidence for long-range broken translational symmetry that can reconstruct the Fermi-surface., Comment: 26 pages including supplements
- Published
- 2024
48. Game Theoretic Liquidity Provisioning in Concentrated Liquidity Market Makers
- Author
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Tang, Weizhao, El-Azouzi, Rachid, Lee, Cheng Han, Chan, Ethan, and Fanti, Giulia
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory ,Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
Automated marker makers (AMMs) are a class of decentralized exchanges that enable the automated trading of digital assets. They accept deposits of digital tokens from liquidity providers (LPs); tokens can be used by traders to execute trades, which generate fees for the investing LPs. The distinguishing feature of AMMs is that trade prices are determined algorithmically, unlike classical limit order books. Concentrated liquidity market makers (CLMMs) are a major class of AMMs that offer liquidity providers flexibility to decide not only \emph{how much} liquidity to provide, but \emph{in what ranges of prices} they want the liquidity to be used. This flexibility can complicate strategic planning, since fee rewards are shared among LPs. We formulate and analyze a game theoretic model to study the incentives of LPs in CLMMs. Our main results show that while our original formulation admits multiple Nash equilibria and has complexity quadratic in the number of price ticks in the contract, it can be reduced to a game with a unique Nash equilibrium whose complexity is only linear. We further show that the Nash equilibrium of this simplified game follows a waterfilling strategy, in which low-budget LPs use up their full budget, but rich LPs do not. Finally, by fitting our game model to real-world CLMMs, we observe that in liquidity pools with risky assets, LPs adopt investment strategies far from the Nash equilibrium. Under price uncertainty, they generally invest in fewer and wider price ranges than our analysis suggests, with lower-frequency liquidity updates. We show that across several pools, by updating their strategy to more closely match the Nash equilibrium of our game, LPs can improve their median daily returns by \$116, which corresponds to an increase of 0.009\% in median daily return on investment.
- Published
- 2024
49. Towards Multi-View Consistent Style Transfer with One-Step Diffusion via Vision Conditioning
- Author
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Zuo, Yushen, Xiao, Jun, Chan, Kin-Chung, Dong, Rongkang, Yang, Cuixin, He, Zongqi, Xie, Hao, and Lam, Kin-Man
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
The stylization of 3D scenes is an increasingly attractive topic in 3D vision. Although image style transfer has been extensively researched with promising results, directly applying 2D style transfer methods to 3D scenes often fails to preserve the structural and multi-view properties of 3D environments, resulting in unpleasant distortions in images from different viewpoints. To address these issues, we leverage the remarkable generative prior of diffusion-based models and propose a novel style transfer method, OSDiffST, based on a pre-trained one-step diffusion model (i.e., SD-Turbo) for rendering diverse styles in multi-view images of 3D scenes. To efficiently adapt the pre-trained model for multi-view style transfer on small datasets, we introduce a vision condition module to extract style information from the reference style image to serve as conditional input for the diffusion model and employ LoRA in diffusion model for adaptation. Additionally, we consider color distribution alignment and structural similarity between the stylized and content images using two specific loss functions. As a result, our method effectively preserves the structural information and multi-view consistency in stylized images without any 3D information. Experiments show that our method surpasses other promising style transfer methods in synthesizing various styles for multi-view images of 3D scenes. Stylized images from different viewpoints generated by our method achieve superior visual quality, with better structural integrity and less distortion. The source code is available at https://github.com/YushenZuo/OSDiffST., Comment: Accepted by ECCV 2024 AI for Visual Arts Workshop and Challenges, 18 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2024
50. Solubility of a resultant equation and applications
- Author
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Browning, Tim and Chan, Stephanie
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11R29 (11G50, 11N36, 11R11, 11R45) - Abstract
The large sieve is used to estimate the density of integral quadratic polynomials $Q$, such that there exists an odd degree integral polynomial which has resultant $\pm 1$ with $Q$. The proof uses properties of cyclotomic polynomials and the Chebotarev density theorem. Given a monic integral polynomial $R$ of odd degree, this is used to show that for almost all integral quadratic polynomials $Q$, there exists a prime $p$ such that $Q$ and $R$ share a common root in the algebraic closure of the finite field with $p$ elements. Using recent work of Landesman, an application to the average size of the $n$-torsion of the class group of quadratic number fields is also given., Comment: 20 pages
- Published
- 2024
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