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1. The Detector System of The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment

Author

An, F. P., Bai, J. Z., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Beavis, D., Beriguete, W., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Brown, R. L., Butorov, I., Cao, D., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Carr, R., Cen, W. R., Chan, W. T., Chan, Y. L., Chang, J. F., Chang, L. C., Chang, Y., Chasman, C., Chen, H. Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, M. J., Chen, Q. Y., Chen, S. J., Chen, S. M., Chen, X. C., Chen, X. H., Chen, X. S., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Y., Cheng, J. H., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. P., Cherwinka, J. J., Chidzik, S., Chow, K., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., de Arcos, J., Deng, Z. Y., Ding, X. F., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dong, L., Dove, J., Draeger, E., Du, X. F., Dwyer, D. A., Edwards, W. R., Ely, S. R., Fang, S. D., Fu, J. Y., Fu, Z. W., Ge, L. Q., Ghazikhanian, V., Gill, R., Goett, J., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gornushkin, Y. A., Grassi, M., Greenler, L. S., Gu, W. Q., Guan, M. Y., Guo, R. P., Guo, X. H., Hackenburg, R. W., Hahn, R. L., Han, R., Hans, S., He, M., He, Q., He, W. S., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Higuera, A., Hinrichs, P., Ho, T. H., Hoff, M., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, L. M., Hu, L. J., Hu, T., Hu, W., Huang, E. C., Huang, H. Z., Huang, H. X., Huang, P. W., Huang, X., Huang, X. T., Huber, P., Hussain, G., Isvan, Z., Jaffe, D. E., Jaffke, P., Jen, K. L., Jetter, S., Ji, X. P., Ji, X. L., Jiang, H. J., Jiang, W. Q., Jiao, J. B., Johnson, R. A., Joseph, J., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kohn, S., Kramer, M., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lai, C. Y., Lai, W. C., Lai, W. H., Langford, T. J., Lau, K., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lee, M. K. P., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lewis, C. A., Li, B., Li, C., Li, D. J., Li, F., Li, G. S., Li, J., Li, N. Y., Li, Q. J., Li, S. F., Li, S. C., Li, W. D., Li, X. B., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Liang, J., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, P. Y., Lin, S. X., Lin, S. K., Lin, Y. C., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, B. J., Liu, C., Liu, D. W., Liu, H., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. C., Liu, S., Liu, S. S., Liu, X., Liu, Y. B., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, J. S., Luk, A., Luk, K. B., Luo, T., Luo, X. L., Ma, L. H., Ma, Q. M., Ma, X. Y., Ma, X. B., Ma, Y. Q., Mayes, B., McDonald, K. T., McFarlane, M. C., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Mitchell, I., Mohapatra, D., Kebwaro, J. Monari, Morgan, J. E., Nakajima, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Naumova, E., Newsom, C., Ngai, H. Y., Ngai, W. K., Nie, Y. B., Ning, Z., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Pagac, A., Pan, H. -R., Patton, S., Pearson, C., Pec, V., Peng, J. C., Piilonen, L. E., Pinsky, L., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, B., Ren, J., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Sands III, W. R., Seilhan, B., Shao, B. B., Shih, K., Song, W. Y., Steiner, H., Stoler, P., Stuart, M., Sun, G. X., Sun, J. L., Tagg, N., Tam, Y. H., Tanaka, H. K., Tang, W., Tang, X., Taychenachev, D., Themann, H., Torun, Y., Trentalange, S., Tsai, O., Tsang, K. V., Tsang, R. H. M., Tull, C. E., Tung, Y. C., Viaux, N., Viren, B., Virostek, S., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, L. S., Wang, L. Y., Wang, L. Z., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, T., Wang, W., Wang, W. W., Wang, X. T., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Webber, D. M., Wei, H. Y., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Wenman, D. L., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Whitehead, L., Whitten Jr., C. A., Wilhelmi, J., Wise, T., Wong, H. C., Wong, H. L. H., Wong, J., Wong, S. C. F., Worcester, E., Wu, F. F., Wu, Q., Xia, D. M., Xia, J. K., Xiang, S. T., Xiao, Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, G., Xu, J. Y., Xu, J. L., Xu, J., Xu, W., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, J., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Yang, M. S., Yang, M. T., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Yeh, Y. S., Yip, K., Young, B. L., Yu, G. Y., Yu, Z. Y., Zeng, S., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. H., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, K., Zhang, Q. X., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. H., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, J., Zhao, Q. W., Zhao, Y. F., Zhao, Y. B., Zheng, L., Zhong, W. L., Zhou, L., Zhou, N., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhuang, H. L., Zimmerman, S., and Zou, J. H.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Daya Bay experiment was the first to report simultaneous measurements of reactor antineutrinos at multiple baselines leading to the discovery of $\bar{\nu}_e$ oscillations over km-baselines. Subsequent data has provided the world's most precise measurement of $\rm{sin}^22\theta_{13}$ and the effective mass splitting $\Delta m_{ee}^2$. The experiment is located in Daya Bay, China where the cluster of six nuclear reactors is among the world's most prolific sources of electron antineutrinos. Multiple antineutrino detectors are deployed in three underground water pools at different distances from the reactor cores to search for deviations in the antineutrino rate and energy spectrum due to neutrino mixing. Instrumented with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), the water pools serve as shielding against natural radioactivity from the surrounding rock and provide efficient muon tagging. Arrays of resistive plate chambers over the top of each pool provide additional muon detection. The antineutrino detectors were specifically designed for measurements of the antineutrino flux with minimal systematic uncertainty. Relative detector efficiencies between the near and far detectors are known to better than 0.2%. With the unblinding of the final two detectors' baselines and target masses, a complete description and comparison of the eight antineutrino detectors can now be presented. This paper describes the Daya Bay detector systems, consisting of eight antineutrino detectors in three instrumented water pools in three underground halls, and their operation through the first year of eight detector data-taking., Comment: 52 pages, 51 figures

Published
2015
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2. Improved Measurement of Electron Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay

Author

Daya Bay Collaboration, An, F. P., An, Q., Bai, J. Z., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Beriguete, W., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Brown, R. L., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Carr, R., Chan, W. T., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chasman, C., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. J., Chen, S. M., Chen, X. C., Chen, X. H., Chen, X. S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Deng, Z. Y., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Draeger, E., Du, X. F., Dwyer, D., Edwards, W. R., Ely, S. R., Fang, S. D., Fu, J. Y., Fu, Z. W., Ge, L. Q., Gill, R. L., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gornushkin, Y. A., Gu, W. Q., Guan, M. Y., Guo, X. H., Hackenburg, R. W., Hahn, R. L., Hans, S., Hao, H. F., He, M., He, Q., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hinrichs, P., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, T., Huang, H. X., Huang, H. Z., Huang, X. T., Huber, P., Issakov, V., Isvan, Z., Jaffe, D. E., Jetter, S., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Jiang, H. J., Jiao, J. B., Johnson, R. A., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kramer, M., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lai, C. Y., Lai, W. C., Lai, W. H., Lau, K., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lei, R. T., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lewis, C. A., Li, F., Li, G. S., Li, Q. J., Li, W. D., Li, X. B., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. K., Lin, Y. C., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, D. W., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, Y. B., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, A., Luk, K. B., Ma, Q. M., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., McDonald, K. T., McFarlane, M. C., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Mohapatra, D., Nakajima, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Nemchenok, I., Ngai, H. Y., Ngai, W. K., Nie, Y. B., Ning, Z., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevski, A., Patton, S., Pec, V., Peng, J. C., Piilonen, L. E., Pinsky, L., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Ren, J., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Shao, B. B., Shih, K., Steiner, H., Sun, G. X., Sun, J. L., Tagg, N., Tam, Y. H., Tanaka, H. K., Tang, X., Themann, H., Torun, Y., Trentalange, S., Tsai, O., Tsang, K. V., Tsang, R. H. M., Tull, C. E., Tung, Y. C., Viren, B., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, L. S., Wang, L. Y., Wang, L. Z., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Webber, D. M., Wei, H. Y., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Whitehead, L., Williamson, Y., Wise, T., Wong, H. L. H., Worcester, E. T., Wu, F. F., Wu, Q., Xi, J. B., Xia, D. M., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, J., Xu, J. L., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Yeh, Y. S., Young, B. L., Yu, Z. Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, S. H., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, Q. W., Zhao, Y. B., Zheng, L., Zhong, W. L., Zhou, L., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report an improved measurement of the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. We exclude a zero value for $\sin^22\theta_{13}$ with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations. Electron antineutrinos from six reactors of 2.9 GW$_{\rm th}$ were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baselines of 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. Using 139 days of data, 28909 (205308) electron antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to the expected number of antineutrinos assuming no oscillations at the far hall is $0.944\pm 0.007({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.003({\rm syst.})$. An analysis of the relative rates in six detectors finds $\sin^22\theta_{13}=0.089\pm 0.010({\rm stat.})\pm0.005({\rm syst.})$ in a three-neutrino framework., Comment: 21 pages, 24 figures. Submitted to and accepted by Chinese Physics C. Two typos were corrected. Description improved

Published
2012
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3. Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay

Author

An, F. P., Bai, J. Z., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Beavis, D., Beriguete, W., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Boddy, K., Brown, R. L., Cai, B., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Carr, R., Chan, W. T., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chasman, C., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. J., Chen, S. M., Chen, X. C., Chen, X. H., Chen, X. S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Deng, Z. Y., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dong, L., Draeger, E., Du, X. F., Dwyer, D. A., Edwards, W. R., Ely, S. R., Fang, S. D., Fu, J. Y., Fu, Z. W., Ge, L. Q., Ghazikhanian, V., Gill, R. L., Goett, J., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gornushkin, Y. A., Greenler, L. S., Gu, W. Q., Guan, M. Y., Guo, X. H., Hackenburg, R. W., Hahn, R. L., Hans, S., He, M., He, Q., He, W. S., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hinrichs, P., Ho, T. H., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, T., Huang, H. X., Huang, H. Z., Huang, P. W., Huang, X., Huang, X. T., Huber, P., Isvan, Z., Jaffe, D. E., Jetter, S., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Jiang, H. J., Jiang, W. Q., Jiao, J. B., Johnson, R. A., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kramer, M., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lai, C. Y., Lai, W. C., Lai, W. H., Lau, K., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lee, M. K. P., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lewis, C. A., Li, B., Li, F., Li, G. S., Li, J., Li, Q. J., Li, S. F., Li, W. D., Li, X. B., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Liang, J., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. K., Lin, S. X., Lin, Y. C., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, B. J., Liu, C., Liu, D. W., Liu, H., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y. B., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, A., Luk, K. B., Luo, T., Luo, X. L., Ma, L. H., Ma, Q. M., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mayes, B., McDonald, K. T., McFarlane, M. C., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Mohapatra, D., Morgan, J. E., Nakajima, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Nemchenok, I., Newsom, C., Ngai, H. Y., Ngai, W. K., Nie, Y. B., Ning, Z., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, D., Olshevski, A., Pagac, A., Patton, S., Pearson, C., Pec, V., Peng, J. C., Piilonen, L. E., Pinsky, L., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Seilhan, B., Shao, B. B., Shih, K., Steiner, H., Stoler, P., Sun, G. X., Sun, J. L., Tam, Y. H., Tanaka, H. K., Tang, X., Themann, H., Torun, Y., Trentalange, S., Tsai, O., Tsang, K. V., Tsang, R. H. M., Tull, C., Viren, B., Virostek, S., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, L. S., Wang, L. Y., Wang, L. Z., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, T., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Webber, D. M., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Wenman, D. L., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Whitehead, L., Whitten Jr., C. A., Wilhelmi, J., Wise, T., Wong, H. C., Wong, H. L. H., Wong, J., Worcester, E. T., Wu, F. F., Wu, Q., Xia, D. M., Xiang, S. T., Xiao, Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, G., Xu, J., Xu, J. L., Xu, W., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Yeh, Y. S., Yip, K., Young, B. L., Yu, Z. Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, K., Zhang, Q. X., Zhang, S. H., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, Q. W., Zhao, Y. B., Zheng, L., Zhong, W. L., Zhou, L., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a non-zero value for the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GW$_{\rm th}$ reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baseline 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. With a 43,000 ton-GW_{\rm th}-day livetime exposure in 55 days, 10416 (80376) electron antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is $R=0.940\pm 0.011({\rm stat}) \pm 0.004({\rm syst})$. A rate-only analysis finds $\sin^22\theta_{13}=0.092\pm 0.016({\rm stat})\pm0.005({\rm syst})$ in a three-neutrino framework., Comment: 5 figures. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2012
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4. The chemistry of the hypersilyl and related ligands

Author

Chan, W. T. K.

Subjects
546.3
Abstract

This thesis is mainly focused on the investigation of the chemistry and reactivity of the hypersilyl ligand {[(Me3Si)3Si]-}, and the rationalisation of the use of siloxanes as precursors ([(R2SiO)n]). A total of ten new compounds have been prepared from these studies, and X-ray crystallography forms a central basis of the analysis of these species, along with NMR spectroscopy and various other analytical techniques. The first novel compound described is [(Ph3Si)(Me3Si)2SiK.18-crown-6] (3). Despite isolating 3 in pure both crystalline and powder form the difficulty in synthesising the compound in large scale meant that its reactivity could not be investigated fully. A series of Si-M complexes was made in the form of [(Me3Si)3Si.MX3]-[K.18-crown-6]+ (4-6, M = Al or Ga, X = Cl or Br), as well as [(Ph3Si)(Me3Si)2Si.GaCl3]-[K.18-crown-6]+ through the reaction of the respective silyl anion with the corresponding group 13 halides. Due to yield considerations, 6 was chosen as a precursor to study the thermal decomposition behaviour of this type of compounds. The reaction between (Me3Si)3SiK.18-crown-6 (1a) with (P4) led to the formation of the unusual {P8[(Me3Si)3Si]2.K.18-crown-6}-[K.18-crown-6.(THF)2]+ (8). The discovery of 8 allows an investigation into the relatively poorly understood mechanism for this type of reaction, and a proposed mechanism, supported by computational calculations, is discussed. The reaction between hypersilyl potassium (1a) and mesityl nitrile gave 6,8-dimethyl-1-amino-3-mesityl-isoquinoline. Finally, the unexpected formation of [2-PySi(Me)2LiO]6 and {[18-crown-6.]GaCl4}∞ are also described.

Published
2009

12. Cyclic Behavior of Short Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams Confined by Steel Plates.

Author

Zeng, H.-Y., Gitomarsono, J., Kawatu, A. J., Chan, W.-T., Chiu, S.-C., and Cheng, M.-Y.

Subjects
CONCRETE beams, REINFORCED concrete, IRON & steel plates, COMPOSITE construction, FLEXURAL strength
Abstract

A new composite coupling beam having steel plates that provide active confining pressure of approximately 0.05Asafc' on each side of the reinforced concrete (RC) beam with an orthogonal reinforcement layout is proposed in this research. A weak (unconfined) portion was intentionally left by cutting off the steel plates at 1 in. (25 mm) distance away from the beam ends to absorb the majority of the inelastic deformation. Three coupling beam specimens with ln/h of either 1.5 or 2.5 were tested under lateral displacement reversals to evaluate the cyclic behaviors of the proposed coupling beams. Test results indicated that the use of steel plate confinement significantly enhanced the strength and deformation capacity of RC coupling beam specimens with orthogonal reinforcement layouts. The peak strength of the proposed coupling beams, Vpeak, can be adequately estimated by VMn, the shear corresponding to the development of the nominal flexural strength. The drift capacity of the proposed coupling beams exceeded 8.0%, which was 50% larger than that of specimens using diagonal reinforcement in compliance with ACI 318-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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14. Combined dietary and exercise intervention for control of serum cholesterol in the workplace

Author

Angotti, C. M, Chan, W. T, Sample, C. J, and Levine, M. S

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

PURPOSE: To elucidate a potential combined dietary and exercise intervention affect on cardiovascular risk reduction of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters employees. DESIGN: A nonexperimental, longitudinal, clinical-chart review study (1987 to 1996) of an identified intervention group and a reference (not a control) group. SETTING: The study group worked in an office environment and participated in the annual medical examinations. SUBJECTS: An intervention group of 858 people with initially elevated serum cholesterol, and a reference group of 963 people randomly sampled from 10% of the study group. MEASURES: Serum cholesterol data were obtained for both groups, respectively, from pre- and postintervention and annual examinations. The reference group was adjusted by statistical exclusion of potential intervention participants. Regression equations (cholesterol vs. study years) for the unadjusted/adjusted reference groups were tested for statistical significance. INTERVENTION: An 8-week individualized, combined dietary and exercise program was instituted with annual follow-ups and was repeated where warranted. RESULTS: Only the unadjusted (but not the adjusted) reference group with initial mean total serum cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dL shows a significant 9-year decline trend and significant beta coefficient tests. An intervention effect is suggested. Mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol rose slightly in the intervention group but was maintained in the reference group. CONCLUSION: With potential design limitations, the NASA intervention program focusing on a high risk group may be associated to some degree, if not fully, with an overall cardiovascular risk profile improvement.

Published
2000

16. Termination Factor for Iterative Noise Reduction in MRI Images Using Histograms of Second-order Derivatives.

Author

Chan, W. T. and Sim, K. S.

Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging, HISTOGRAMS, PARTICLE image velocimetry
Abstract

Histograms of second-order derivatives are generated from the pixel data of MRI images. The histograms are then used to calculate a factor that is to be used for iterative processing. The factor is intended to limit the number of iterations, with the goal of preventing further loss of detail. The factor uses two conditions that depend on the profiles of the histograms. The methodology uses sample MRI images and versions of these images with Rician noise introduced into them. The noisy images are subjected to iterative noise reduction with a recursive averaging filter. The control tests in the methodology use the ground truth images to limit the number of iterations, with PSNR and SSIM peaks used as the measurements for determining when the iterations stop. The other tests use the proposed termination factor for the limitation. The results of the tests are compared to determine the effectiveness of the termination factor. The proposed termination factor does not cause divergence, but there are still different numbers of iterations in the case of MRI images with image subjects that have discrete regions and details resembling noise. The tests also reveal that differences between the histograms of derivatives and Laplace curves have to be retained in order to prevent loss of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

17. Contrast Measurement with Histograms of Second-order Derivatives of Pixels for Magnetic Resonance Images.

Author

Chan, W. T., Sim, K. S., and Abas, F. S.

Subjects
*HISTOGRAMS, *PIXELS, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *LAPLACE distribution, *IMAGE intensifiers
Abstract

Second-order derivatives are used to obtain more information from the pixels in a magnetic resonance image. This information is the difference between the values of pixels, which is a factor in the measurement of the level of contrast in the image. This information is presented in the form of a histogram of second-order values, which expresses differences in pixel values caused by contrast between details in the image. The proposed method of contrast measurement utilizes a Laplace curve together with the histogram, both of which are generated with image data. The curve and histogram are used to determine a measurement quantity that expresses the level of contrast and the presence of details in the image. The measurement quantity, which is a score, describes the change of contrast in the image as contrast enhancement is applied. This score is compared with other established contrast scores that utilize data from an individual image, without comparison to another image. These other scores are average local contrast, root mean square contrast and Michelson contrast. The goal of the comparison is to determine the performance of the proposed score at detecting the occurrence of excessive gain as contrast enhancement is applied on an MRI image. Sample MRI images, including images from established databases, are used for the testing and comparison. The proposed score performs better than average local contrast and root mean square contrast and provides results that do not diverge as gain is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

18. Plasma shielding during picosecond laser sampling of solid materials by ablation in He versus Ar atmosphere.

Author

Mao, X. L., Chan, W. T., Shannon, M. A., and Russo, R. E.

Subjects
*PLASMA gases, *LASERS, *HELIUM, *ARGON, *EMISSION spectroscopy
Abstract

Presents a study that demonstrated the influence of plasma shielding on the coupling of laser energy to a target surface during picosecond pulsed laser-material interactions. Information on hellium and argon gas atmosphere; Use of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer; Discussion on the mechanisms of shock waves, multiphoton ionization and plasma shielding.

Published
1993
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19. Pyrolysis jet spectroscopy: The S1–S0 band system of formyl cyanide, HCOCN, and DCOCN.

Author

Clouthier, Dennis J., Karolczak, J., Rae, J., Chan, W.-T., Goddard, J. D., and Judge, R. H.

Subjects
PYROLYSIS, SPECTRUM analysis
Abstract

The A 1A‘–X 1A’ band systems of HCOCN and DCOCN have been studied in depth using the technique of pyrolysis jet spectroscopy. Ab initio predictions of molecular structures and vibrational frequencies for the ground and excited state were made, to assist in the assignment of the vibronic structure in the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra. A resolved emission spectrum obtained by laser population of the 81 level of the excited state was analyzed to establish the ground state vibrational frequencies. Both the LIF and resolved emission spectra are consistent with a substantial elongation of the C=O bond on excitation, and smaller changes in the other geometric parameters. The excited state inertial defect, the pattern of bands involving the antisymmetric vibrations, and the ab initio predictions all suggest that the excited state structure is only slightly nonplanar. A rotational analysis of the 910 band of the DCOCN LIF spectrum has provided the first experimental rotational constants for the ground state of formyl cyanide-d1, which should be useful in attempts to observe the microwave spectrum. The uv spectrum of formyl cyanide is found to be remarkably similar to that of propynal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1992
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20. CASE-BASED REASONING APPROACH IN BID DECISION MAKING

Author

Chua, D. K. H., Li, D. Z., and Chan, W. T.

Subjects
Contractors -- Behavior, Decision-making -- Models, Construction and materials industries, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

Since contractors' bidding behaviors are affected by numerous factors related both to the specific features of the project and dynamically changed situations, bidding decision problems are highly unstructured. No clear rules can be found in delivering a bidding decision. In this problem domain, decisions are commonly made based upon intuition and past experience. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a subbranch of artificial intelligence. It solves new problems by matching against similar problems that have been encountered and resolved in the past. It is a useful tool in dealing with complex and unstructured problems, which are difficult if not impossible to be theoretically modeled. This paper presents a case-based reasoning bidding system that helps contractors with the dynamic information varying with the specific features of the job and the new situation. In this system, bid cases are represented by sets of attributes derived from a preliminary survey of several experienced bidders, focusing, respectively, on two reasoning subgoals: (1) Risk; and (2) competition. Through the system, similar cases can be retrieved to assess the possible level of competition and risk margin. A hypothetical example is explained and evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. The effectiveness of this system is tested by a Monte Carlo simulation in comparison to the conventional statistical method.

Published
2001

23. Combining ultrasound and lactobacilli treatment for high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice.

Author

Liao, A. ‐ H., Jiang, C. ‐ B., Li, C. ‐ C., Chuang, H. ‐ C., Chiang Chiau, J. ‐ S., Chan, W. ‐ T., Yeung, C. ‐ Y., Cheng, M. ‐ L., and Lee, H. ‐ C.

Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of ultrasonic imaging, LACTOBACILLUS, OBESITY, INFLAMMATION treatment, PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Chronic systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation can cause obesity. In animal experiments, lactobacilli have been shown to inhibit obesity by modifying the gut microbiota, controlling inflammation and influencing the associated gene expression. A previous study found that high-fat-diet-induced ( HFD) obesity was suppressed by lactobacilli ingestion in rats via the inhibition of parasympathetic nerve activity. This study explored the combined use of lactobacilli ingestion and ultrasound ( US) to control body weight and body fat deposition in HFD mice over an 8-week experimental period. Male C57 BL/6J mice received an HFD during treatment and were randomly divided into four groups: (i) control group (H), (ii) lactobacilli alone ( HB), (iii) US alone ( HU) and (iv) lactobacilli combined with US ( HUB). The US was targeted at the inguinal portion of the epididymal fat pad on the right side. At the 8th week, body weight had decreased significantly in the HUB group (15.56 ± 1.18%, mean ± SD) group compared with the HU (26.63 ± 0.96%) and H (32.62 ± 5.03%) groups (p < 0.05). High-resolution microcomputed tomography (micro- CT) scans revealed that the reduction in total body fat volume was significantly greater in the HUB group (69%) than in the other two experimental groups ( HB, 52%; HU, 37%; p < 0.05). The reductions in the thickness of the subcutaneous epididymal fat pads were significantly greater in the HUB group (final thickness: 340 ± 7 μm) than in the H (final thickness: 1150 ± 21 μm), HB (final thickness: 1060 ± 18 μm) and HU (final thickness: 370 ± 5 μm) groups (all p < 0.05). Combination therapy with lactobacilli and US appears to enhance the reduction in body weight, total and local body fat deposition, adipocyte size and plasma lipid levels over an 8-week period over that achieved with lactobacilli or US alone in HFD mice. These results indicate that US treatment alone can reduce hyperlipidemia in HFD mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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25. Observation of Electron-Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay

Author

Center for Neutrino Physics, Physics, An, F. P., Bai, J. Z., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Beavis, D., Beriguete, W., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Boddy, K., Brown, R. L., Cai, B., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Carr, Rachel E., Chan, W. T., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chasman, C., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. J., Chen, S. M., Chen, X. C., Chen, X. H., Chen, X. S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Deng, Z. Y., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dong, L., Draeger, E., Du, X. F., Dwyer, D. A., Edwards, W. R., Ely, S. R., Fang, S. D., Fu, J. Y., Fu, Z. W., Ge, L. Q., Ghazikhanian, V., Gill, R. L., Goett, J., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gornushkin, Y. A., Greenler, L. S., Gu, W. Q., Guan, M. Y., Guo, X. H., Hackenburg, R. W., Hahn, R. L., Hans, S., He, M., He, Q., He, W. S., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hinrichs, P., Ho, T. H., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, T., Huang, H. X., Huang, H. Z., Huang, P. W., Huang, X., Huang, X. T., Huber, Patrick, Isvan, Z., Jaffe, D. E., Jetter, S., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Jiang, H. J., Jiang, W. Q., Jiao, J. B., Johnson, R. A., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kramer, M., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lai, C. Y., Lai, W. C., Lai, W. H., Lau, K., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lee, M. K. P., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lewis, C. A., Li, B., Li, F., Li, G. S., Li, J., Li, Q. J., Li, S. F., Li, W. D., Li, X. B., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Liang, J., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. K., Lin, S. X., Lin, Y. C., Ling, J. J., Link, Jonathan M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, B. J., Liu, C., Liu, D. W., Liu, H., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y. B., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, A., Luk, K. B., Luo, T., Luo, X. L., Ma, L. H., Ma, Q. M., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mayes, B., McDonald, K. T., McFarlane, M. C., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Mohapatra, D., Morgan, J. E., Nakajima, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Nemchenok, I., Newsom, C., Ngai, H. Y., Ngai, W. K., Nie, Y. B., Ning, Z., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, D., Olshevski, A., Pagac, A., Patton, S., Pearson, C., Pec, V., Peng, J. C., Piilonen, Leo E., Pinsky, L., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Seilhan, B., Shao, B. B., Shih, K., Steiner, H., Stoler, P., Sun, G. X., Sun, J. L., Tam, Y. H., Tanaka, H. K., Tang, X., Themann, H., Torun, Y., Trentalange, S., Tsai, O., Tsang, K. V., Tsang, R. H. M., Tull, C., Viren, B., Virostek, S., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, L. S., Wang, L. Y., Wang, L. Z., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, T., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Webber, D. M., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Wenman, D. L., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Whitehead, L., Whitten, C. A., Wilhelmi, J., Wise, T., Wong, H. C., Wong, H. L. H., Wong, J., Worcester, E., Wu, F. F., Wu, Q., Xia, D. M., Xiang, S. T., Xiao, Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, G., Xu, J., Xu, J. L., Xu, W., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Yeh, Y. S., Yip, K., Young, B. L., Yu, Z. Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, K., Zhang, Q. X., Zhang, S. H., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. H. Percival, Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, Q. W., Zhao, Y. B., Zheng, L., Zhong, W. L., Zhou, L., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhuang, H. L., Zou, J. H., Center for Neutrino Physics, Physics, An, F. P., Bai, J. Z., Balantekin, A. B., Band, H. R., Beavis, D., Beriguete, W., Bishai, M., Blyth, S., Boddy, K., Brown, R. L., Cai, B., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Carr, Rachel E., Chan, W. T., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chasman, C., Chen, H. S., Chen, H. Y., Chen, S. J., Chen, S. M., Chen, X. C., Chen, X. H., Chen, X. S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. X., Cherwinka, J. J., Chu, M. C., Cummings, J. P., Deng, Z. Y., Ding, Y. Y., Diwan, M. V., Dong, L., Draeger, E., Du, X. F., Dwyer, D. A., Edwards, W. R., Ely, S. R., Fang, S. D., Fu, J. Y., Fu, Z. W., Ge, L. Q., Ghazikhanian, V., Gill, R. L., Goett, J., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gornushkin, Y. A., Greenler, L. S., Gu, W. Q., Guan, M. Y., Guo, X. H., Hackenburg, R. W., Hahn, R. L., Hans, S., He, M., He, Q., He, W. S., Heeger, K. M., Heng, Y. K., Hinrichs, P., Ho, T. H., Hor, Y. K., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, T., Huang, H. X., Huang, H. Z., Huang, P. W., Huang, X., Huang, X. T., Huber, Patrick, Isvan, Z., Jaffe, D. E., Jetter, S., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Jiang, H. J., Jiang, W. Q., Jiao, J. B., Johnson, R. A., Kang, L., Kettell, S. H., Kramer, M., Kwan, K. K., Kwok, M. W., Kwok, T., Lai, C. Y., Lai, W. C., Lai, W. H., Lau, K., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lee, M. K. P., Leitner, R., Leung, J. K. C., Leung, K. Y., Lewis, C. A., Li, B., Li, F., Li, G. S., Li, J., Li, Q. J., Li, S. F., Li, W. D., Li, X. B., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Liang, J., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. K., Lin, S. X., Lin, Y. C., Ling, J. J., Link, Jonathan M., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, B. J., Liu, C., Liu, D. W., Liu, H., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, S., Liu, X., Liu, Y. B., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Luk, A., Luk, K. B., Luo, T., Luo, X. L., Ma, L. H., Ma, Q. M., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Mayes, B., McDonald, K. T., McFarlane, M. C., McKeown, R. D., Meng, Y., Mohapatra, D., Morgan, J. E., Nakajima, Y., Napolitano, J., Naumov, D., Nemchenok, I., Newsom, C., Ngai, H. Y., Ngai, W. K., Nie, Y. B., Ning, Z., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, D., Olshevski, A., Pagac, A., Patton, S., Pearson, C., Pec, V., Peng, J. C., Piilonen, Leo E., Pinsky, L., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, X., Raper, N., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Ruan, X. C., Seilhan, B., Shao, B. B., Shih, K., Steiner, H., Stoler, P., Sun, G. X., Sun, J. L., Tam, Y. H., Tanaka, H. K., Tang, X., Themann, H., Torun, Y., Trentalange, S., Tsai, O., Tsang, K. V., Tsang, R. H. M., Tull, C., Viren, B., Virostek, S., Vorobel, V., Wang, C. H., Wang, L. S., Wang, L. Y., Wang, L. Z., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, T., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Webber, D. M., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Wenman, D. L., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Whitehead, L., Whitten, C. A., Wilhelmi, J., Wise, T., Wong, H. C., Wong, H. L. H., Wong, J., Worcester, E., Wu, F. F., Wu, Q., Xia, D. M., Xiang, S. T., Xiao, Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, G., Xu, J., Xu, J. L., Xu, W., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yang, C. G., Yang, L., Ye, M., Yeh, M., Yeh, Y. S., Yip, K., Young, B. L., Yu, Z. Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. H., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, K., Zhang, Q. X., Zhang, S. H., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. H. Percival, Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, Q. W., Zhao, Y. B., Zheng, L., Zhong, W. L., Zhou, L., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhuang, H. L., and Zou, J. H.

Abstract

The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a nonzero value for the neutrino mixing angle 0(13) with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GW(th) reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baseline 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. With a 43 000 ton-GW(th)-day live-time exposure in 55 days, 10 416 (80 376) electron-antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is R = 0.940 +/- 0.011(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.). A rate-only analysis finds sin(2)2 theta(13) = 0.092 +/- 0.016(stat.) +/- 0.005(syst.) in a three-neutrino framework.

Published
2012

27. Improved measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay

Author

An, F. P., primary, An, Q., additional, Bai, J. Z., additional, Balantekin, A. B., additional, Band, H. R., additional, Beriguete, W., additional, Bishai, M., additional, Blyth, S., additional, Brown, R. L., additional, Cao, G. F., additional, Cao, J., additional, Carr, R., additional, Chan, W. T., additional, Chang, J. F., additional, Chang, Y., additional, Chasman, C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, H. Y., additional, Chen, S. J., additional, Chen, S. M., additional, Chen, X. C., additional, Chen, X. H., additional, Chen, X. S., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Chen, Y. X., additional, Cherwinka, J. J., additional, Chu, M. C., additional, Cummings, J. P., additional, Deng, Z. Y., additional, Ding, Y. Y., additional, Diwan, M. V., additional, Draeger, E., additional, Du, X. F., additional, Dwyer, D., additional, Edwards, W. R., additional, Ely, S. R., additional, Fang, S. D., additional, Fu, J. Y., additional, Fu, Z. W., additional, Ge, L. Q., additional, Gill, R. L., additional, Gonchar, M., additional, Gong, G. H., additional, Gong, H., additional, Gornushkin, Y. A., additional, Gu, W. Q., additional, Guan, M. Y., additional, Guo, X. H., additional, Hackenburg, R. W., additional, Hahn, R. L., additional, Hans, S., additional, Hao, H. F., additional, He, M., additional, He, Q., additional, Heeger, K. M., additional, Heng, Y. K., additional, Hinrichs, P., additional, Hor, Y. K., additional, Hsiung, Y. B., additional, Hu, B. Z., additional, Hu, T., additional, Huang, H. X., additional, Huang, H. Z., additional, Huang, X. T., additional, Huber, P., additional, Issakov, V., additional, Isvan, Z., additional, Jaffe, D. E., additional, Jetter, S., additional, Ji, X. L., additional, Ji, X. P., additional, Jiang, H. J., additional, Jiao, J. B., additional, Johnson, R. A., additional, Kang, L., additional, Kettell, S. H., additional, Kramer, M., additional, Kwan, K. K., additional, Kwok, M. W., additional, Kwok, T., additional, Lai, C. Y., additional, Lai, W. C., additional, Lai, W. H., additional, Lau, K., additional, Lebanowski, L., additional, Lee, J., additional, Lei, R. T., additional, Leitner, R., additional, Leung, J. K. C., additional, Leung, K. Y., additional, Lewis, C. A., additional, Li, F., additional, Li, G. S., additional, Li, Q. J., additional, Li, W. D., additional, Li, X. B., additional, Li, X. N., additional, Li, X. Q., additional, Li, Y., additional, Li, Z. B., additional, Liang, H., additional, Lin, C. J., additional, Lin, G. L., additional, Lin, S. K., additional, Lin, Y. C., additional, Ling, J. J., additional, Link, J. M., additional, Littenberg, L., additional, Littlejohn, B. R., additional, Liu, D. W., additional, Liu, J. C., additional, Liu, J. L., additional, Liu, Y. B., additional, Lu, C., additional, Lu, H. Q., additional, Luk, A., additional, Luk, K. B., additional, Ma, Q. M., additional, Ma, X. B., additional, Ma, X. Y., additional, Ma, Y. Q., additional, McDonald, K. T., additional, McFarlane, M. C., additional, McKeown, R. D., additional, Meng, Y., additional, Mohapatra, D., additional, Nakajima, Y., additional, Napolitano, J., additional, Naumov, D., additional, Nemchenok, I., additional, Ngai, H. Y., additional, Ngai, W. K., additional, Nie, Y. B., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., additional, Olshevski, A., additional, Patton, S., additional, Pec, V., additional, Peng, J. C., additional, Piilonen, L. E., additional, Pinsky, L., additional, Pun, C. S. J., additional, Qi, F. Z., additional, Qi, M., additional, Qian, X., additional, Raper, N., additional, Ren, J., additional, Rosero, R., additional, Roskovec, B., additional, Ruan, X. C., additional, Shao, B. B., additional, Shih, K., additional, Steiner, H., additional, Sun, G. X., additional, Sun, J. L., additional, Tagg, N., additional, Tam, Y. H., additional, Tanaka, H. K., additional, Tang, X., additional, Themann, H., additional, Torun, Y., additional, Trentalange, S., additional, Tsai, O., additional, Tsang, K. V., additional, Tsang, R. H. M., additional, Tull, C. E., additional, Tung, Y. C., additional, Viren, B., additional, Vorobel, V., additional, Wang, C. H., additional, Wang, L. S., additional, Wang, L. Y., additional, Wang, L. Z., additional, Wang, M., additional, Wang, N. Y., additional, Wang, R. G., additional, Wang, W., additional, Wang, X., additional, Wang, Y. F., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Wang, Z. M., additional, Webber, D. M., additional, Wei, H. Y., additional, Wei, Y. D., additional, Wen, L. J., additional, Whisnant, K., additional, White, C. G., additional, Whitehead, L., additional, Williamson, Y., additional, Wise, T., additional, Wong, H. L. H., additional, Worcester, E. T., additional, Wu, F. F., additional, Wu, Q., additional, Xi, J. B., additional, Xia, D. M., additional, Xing, Z. Z., additional, Xu, J., additional, Xu, J. L., additional, Xu, Y., additional, Xue, T., additional, Yang, C. G., additional, Yang, L., additional, Ye, M., additional, Yeh, M., additional, Yeh, Y. S., additional, Young, B. L., additional, Yu, Z. Y., additional, Zhan, L., additional, Zhang, C., additional, Zhang, F. H., additional, Zhang, J. W., additional, Zhang, Q. M., additional, Zhang, S. H., additional, Zhang, Y. C., additional, Zhang, Y. H., additional, Zhang, Y. X., additional, Zhang, Z. J., additional, Zhang, Z. P., additional, Zhang, Z. Y., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhao, Q. W., additional, Zhao, Y. B., additional, Zheng, L., additional, Zhong, W. L., additional, Zhou, L., additional, Zhou, Z. Y., additional, Zhuang, H. L., additional, and Zou, J. H., additional

Published
2013
Full Text
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28. Observation of Electron-Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay

Author

An, F. P., primary, Bai, J. Z., additional, Balantekin, A. B., additional, Band, H. R., additional, Beavis, D., additional, Beriguete, W., additional, Bishai, M., additional, Blyth, S., additional, Boddy, K., additional, Brown, R. L., additional, Cai, B., additional, Cao, G. F., additional, Cao, J., additional, Carr, R., additional, Chan, W. T., additional, Chang, J. F., additional, Chang, Y., additional, Chasman, C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, H. Y., additional, Chen, S. J., additional, Chen, S. M., additional, Chen, X. C., additional, Chen, X. H., additional, Chen, X. S., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Chen, Y. X., additional, Cherwinka, J. J., additional, Chu, M. C., additional, Cummings, J. P., additional, Deng, Z. Y., additional, Ding, Y. Y., additional, Diwan, M. V., additional, Dong, L., additional, Draeger, E., additional, Du, X. F., additional, Dwyer, D. A., additional, Edwards, W. R., additional, Ely, S. R., additional, Fang, S. D., additional, Fu, J. Y., additional, Fu, Z. W., additional, Ge, L. Q., additional, Ghazikhanian, V., additional, Gill, R. L., additional, Goett, J., additional, Gonchar, M., additional, Gong, G. H., additional, Gong, H., additional, Gornushkin, Y. A., additional, Greenler, L. S., additional, Gu, W. Q., additional, Guan, M. Y., additional, Guo, X. H., additional, Hackenburg, R. W., additional, Hahn, R. L., additional, Hans, S., additional, He, M., additional, He, Q., additional, He, W. S., additional, Heeger, K. M., additional, Heng, Y. K., additional, Hinrichs, P., additional, Ho, T. H., additional, Hor, Y. K., additional, Hsiung, Y. B., additional, Hu, B. Z., additional, Hu, T., additional, Huang, H. X., additional, Huang, H. Z., additional, Huang, P. W., additional, Huang, X., additional, Huang, X. T., additional, Huber, P., additional, Isvan, Z., additional, Jaffe, D. E., additional, Jetter, S., additional, Ji, X. L., additional, Ji, X. P., additional, Jiang, H. J., additional, Jiang, W. Q., additional, Jiao, J. B., additional, Johnson, R. A., additional, Kang, L., additional, Kettell, S. H., additional, Kramer, M., additional, Kwan, K. K., additional, Kwok, M. W., additional, Kwok, T., additional, Lai, C. Y., additional, Lai, W. C., additional, Lai, W. H., additional, Lau, K., additional, Lebanowski, L., additional, Lee, J., additional, Lee, M. K. P., additional, Leitner, R., additional, Leung, J. K. C., additional, Leung, K. Y., additional, Lewis, C. A., additional, Li, B., additional, Li, F., additional, Li, G. S., additional, Li, J., additional, Li, Q. J., additional, Li, S. F., additional, Li, W. D., additional, Li, X. B., additional, Li, X. N., additional, Li, X. Q., additional, Li, Y., additional, Li, Z. B., additional, Liang, H., additional, Liang, J., additional, Lin, C. J., additional, Lin, G. L., additional, Lin, S. K., additional, Lin, S. X., additional, Lin, Y. C., additional, Ling, J. J., additional, Link, J. M., additional, Littenberg, L., additional, Littlejohn, B. R., additional, Liu, B. J., additional, Liu, C., additional, Liu, D. W., additional, Liu, H., additional, Liu, J. C., additional, Liu, J. L., additional, Liu, S., additional, Liu, X., additional, Liu, Y. B., additional, Lu, C., additional, Lu, H. Q., additional, Luk, A., additional, Luk, K. B., additional, Luo, T., additional, Luo, X. L., additional, Ma, L. H., additional, Ma, Q. M., additional, Ma, X. B., additional, Ma, X. Y., additional, Ma, Y. Q., additional, Mayes, B., additional, McDonald, K. T., additional, McFarlane, M. C., additional, McKeown, R. D., additional, Meng, Y., additional, Mohapatra, D., additional, Morgan, J. E., additional, Nakajima, Y., additional, Napolitano, J., additional, Naumov, D., additional, Nemchenok, I., additional, Newsom, C., additional, Ngai, H. Y., additional, Ngai, W. K., additional, Nie, Y. B., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., additional, Oh, D., additional, Olshevski, A., additional, Pagac, A., additional, Patton, S., additional, Pearson, C., additional, Pec, V., additional, Peng, J. C., additional, Piilonen, L. E., additional, Pinsky, L., additional, Pun, C. S. J., additional, Qi, F. Z., additional, Qi, M., additional, Qian, X., additional, Raper, N., additional, Rosero, R., additional, Roskovec, B., additional, Ruan, X. C., additional, Seilhan, B., additional, Shao, B. B., additional, Shih, K., additional, Steiner, H., additional, Stoler, P., additional, Sun, G. X., additional, Sun, J. L., additional, Tam, Y. H., additional, Tanaka, H. K., additional, Tang, X., additional, Themann, H., additional, Torun, Y., additional, Trentalange, S., additional, Tsai, O., additional, Tsang, K. V., additional, Tsang, R. H. M., additional, Tull, C., additional, Viren, B., additional, Virostek, S., additional, Vorobel, V., additional, Wang, C. H., additional, Wang, L. S., additional, Wang, L. Y., additional, Wang, L. 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Published
2012
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29. Parental Survey on Expanded Newborn Screening

Author

Mak, C. M., primary, Lam, C. W., additional, Law, C. Y., additional, Siu, W. K., additional, Kwong, L. L. T., additional, Chan, K. L., additional, Chan, W. T., additional, Chow, K. M., additional, Lee, K. W., additional, Chan, W. P., additional, and Chan, A. Y. W., additional

Published
2012
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34. The Role of Systems Thinking in Systems Engineering, Design and Management.

Author

Chan, W. T.

Subjects
*SYSTEMS theory, *SYSTEMS engineering, *ENGINEERING design, *CIVIL engineering, *SERVICE life
Abstract

Systems thinking is a widely recognized and subscribed-to concept. Many benefits are ascribed to systems thinking and its result - the holistic solution. Yet, there is a wide range of opinion as to what systems thinking really is, and how its benefits can be realized in engineering practice. In fact, the concept of what constitutes a „system? is wide and variable. The purpose of the paper is to draw together diverse perspectives of systems thinking useful in engineering, and to present a set of core concepts that are useful in the successful design and operation of engineered systems. These concepts will be illustrated with examples drawn from the author?s experience in teaching and research on engineered systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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