537 results on '"Chan, Q"'
Search Results
2. Attending to Race (or Gender) Does Not Increase Race (or Gender) Aftereffects
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Davidenko, Nicolas, Vu, Chan Q, Heller, Nathan H, and Collins, John M
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Biological Psychology ,Social and Personality Psychology ,Psychology ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,face adaptation ,attention ,race ,gender ,aftereffects ,Cognitive Sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
Recent research has shown that attention can influence the strength of face aftereffects. For example, attending to changes in facial features increases the strength of identity and figural aftereffects relative to passive viewing (Rhodes et al., 2011). Here, we ask whether attending to a specific social dimension of a face (such as race or gender) influences the strength of face aftereffects along that dimension. Across three experiments, participants completed many single-shot face adaptation trials. In each trial, participants observed a computer-generated adapting face for 5 s while instructed to focus on either the race or gender of that adapting face. Adapting faces were either Asian and female or Caucasian and male. In Experiment 1, all trials included an intermediate question (IQ) following each adaptation period, soliciting a rating of the adapting face on the attended dimension (e.g., race). In Experiment 2, only half of the trials included this IQ, and in Experiment 3 only a quarter of the trials did. In all three experiments, participants were subsequently presented with a race- and gender-neutral face and asked to rate it on either the attended dimension (e.g., race, attention-congruent trials) or the unattended dimension (e.g., gender, attention-incongruent trials) using a seven-point scale. Overall, participants showed significant aftereffects in all conditions, manifesting as (i) higher Asian ratings of the neutral faces following Caucasian vs. Asian adapting faces and (ii) higher female ratings of neutral faces following male vs. female adapting faces. Intriguingly, although reaction times were shorter during attention-congruent vs. attention-incongruent trials, aftereffects were not stronger along attention-congruent than attention-incongruent dimensions. Our results suggest that attending to a facial dimension such as race or gender does not result in increased adaptation to that dimension.
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- 2016
3. Publisher Correction: Organic matter and water from asteroid Itokawa
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Chan, Q. H. S., Stephant, A., Franchi, I. A., Zhao, X., Brunetto, R., Kebukawa, Y., Noguchi, T., Johnson, D., Price, M. C., Harriss, K. H., Zolensky, M. E., and Grady, M. M.
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- 2021
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4. Organic matter and water from asteroid Itokawa
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Chan, Q. H. S., Stephant, A., Franchi, I. A., Zhao, X., Brunetto, R., Kebukawa, Y., Noguchi, T., Johnson, D., Price, M. C., Harriss, K. H., Zolensky, M. E., and Grady, M. M.
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- 2021
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5. Characteristics of patients initiating PCSK9i mAb following myocardial infarction and comparability of treatment groups in the Netherlands
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Chan, Q, primary, Wouter Jukema, J, additional, Heintjes, E M, additional, Smits, L, additional, Lemmens, L, additional, Herings, R, additional, Dhalwani, N, additional, O'kelly, J, additional, Sibartie, M, additional, Vollebregt, R, additional, Cars, T, additional, James, S, additional, Brookhart, A, additional, and Hagstrom, E, additional
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- 2023
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6. Divergent survival outcomes associated with elevated branched-chain amino acid levels among older adults with or without hypertension and aiabetes:a validated, prospective, longitudinal follow-up study
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Fung, E. (Erik), Ng, K. H. (Kwan Hung), Kwok, T. (Timothy), Lui, L.-T. (Leong-Ting), Palaniswamy, S. (Saranya), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Lim, L.-L. (Lee-Ling), Wiklund, P. (Petri), Xie, S. (Suyi), Turner, C. (Cheryl), Elshorbagy, A. K. (Amany K.), Refsum, H. (Helga), Leung, J. C. (Jason C. S.), Kong, A. P. (Alice P. S.), Chan, J. C. (Juliana C. N.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Woo, J. (Jean), Fung, E. (Erik), Ng, K. H. (Kwan Hung), Kwok, T. (Timothy), Lui, L.-T. (Leong-Ting), Palaniswamy, S. (Saranya), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Lim, L.-L. (Lee-Ling), Wiklund, P. (Petri), Xie, S. (Suyi), Turner, C. (Cheryl), Elshorbagy, A. K. (Amany K.), Refsum, H. (Helga), Leung, J. C. (Jason C. S.), Kong, A. P. (Alice P. S.), Chan, J. C. (Juliana C. N.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), and Woo, J. (Jean)
- Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids are critical metabolic intermediates that can indicate increased risk of cardiometabolic disease when levels are elevated or, alternatively, suggest sufficient mitochondrial energy metabolism and reserve in old age. The interpretation of BCAA levels can be context-dependent, and it remains unclear whether abnormal levels can inform prognosis. This prospective longitudinal study aimed to determine the interrelationship between mortality hazard and fasting serum BCAA levels among older men and women aged ≥65 years with or without hypertension and diabetes mellitus. At baseline (0Y), fasting serum BCAA concentration in 2997 community-living older men and women were measured. Approximately 14 years later (14Y), 860 study participants returned for repeat measurements. Deaths were analysed and classified into cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes using International Classification of Diseases codes. Survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression were performed. During a median follow-up of 17Y, 971 (78.6%) non-cardiovascular and 263 (21.4%) cardiovascular deaths occurred among 1235 (41.2%) deceased (median age, 85.8 years [IQR 81.7–89.7]). From 0Y to 14Y, BCAA levels declined in both sexes, whereas serum creatinine concentration increased (both p < 0.0001). In older adults without hypertension or diabetes mellitus, the relationship between mortality hazard and BCAA level was linear and above-median BCAA levels were associated with improved survival, whereas in the presence of cardiometabolic disease the relationship was U-shaped. Overall, adjusted Cox regression determined that each 10% increment in BCAA concentration was associated with a 7% (p = 0.0002) and 16% (p = 0.0057) reduction in mortality hazard estimated at 0Y and 14Y, respectively. Our findings suggested that abnormally high or low (dyshomeostatic) BCAA levels among older adults with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus were associated with increased mortality
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- 2023
7. Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples
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Nakamura, T., primary, Matsumoto, M., additional, Amano, K., additional, Enokido, Y., additional, Zolensky, M. E., additional, Mikouchi, T., additional, Genda, H., additional, Tanaka, S., additional, Zolotov, M. Y., additional, Kurosawa, K., additional, Wakita, S., additional, Hyodo, R., additional, Nagano, H., additional, Nakashima, D., additional, Takahashi, Y., additional, Fujioka, Y., additional, Kikuiri, M., additional, Kagawa, E., additional, Matsuoka, M., additional, Brearley, A. J., additional, Tsuchiyama, A., additional, Uesugi, M., additional, Matsuno, J., additional, Kimura, Y., additional, Sato, M., additional, Milliken, R. E., additional, Tatsumi, E., additional, Sugita, S., additional, Hiroi, T., additional, Kitazato, K., additional, Brownlee, D., additional, Joswiak, D. J., additional, Takahashi, M., additional, Ninomiya, K., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Osawa, T., additional, Terada, K., additional, Brenker, F. E., additional, Tkalcec, B. J., additional, Vincze, L., additional, Brunetto, R., additional, Aléon-Toppani, A., additional, Chan, Q. H. S., additional, Roskosz, M., additional, Viennet, J.-C., additional, Beck, P., additional, Alp, E. E., additional, Michikami, T., additional, Nagaashi, Y., additional, Tsuji, T., additional, Ino, Y., additional, Martinez, J., additional, Han, J., additional, Dolocan, A., additional, Bodnar, R. J., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Yoshida, H., additional, Sugiyama, K., additional, King, A. J., additional, Fukushi, K., additional, Suga, H., additional, Yamashita, S., additional, Kawai, T., additional, Inoue, K., additional, Nakato, A., additional, Noguchi, T., additional, Vilas, F., additional, Hendrix, A. R., additional, Jaramillo-Correa, C., additional, Domingue, D. L., additional, Dominguez, G., additional, Gainsforth, Z., additional, Engrand, C., additional, Duprat, J., additional, Russell, S. S., additional, Bonato, E., additional, Ma, C., additional, Kawamoto, T., additional, Wada, T., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, Endo, R., additional, Enju, S., additional, Riu, L., additional, Rubino, S., additional, Tack, P., additional, Takeshita, S., additional, Takeichi, Y., additional, Takeuchi, A., additional, Takigawa, A., additional, Takir, D., additional, Tanigaki, T., additional, Taniguchi, A., additional, Tsukamoto, K., additional, Yagi, T., additional, Yamada, S., additional, Yamamoto, K., additional, Yamashita, Y., additional, Yasutake, M., additional, Uesugi, K., additional, Umegaki, I., additional, Chiu, I., additional, Ishizaki, T., additional, Okumura, S., additional, Palomba, E., additional, Pilorget, C., additional, Potin, S. M., additional, Alasli, A., additional, Anada, S., additional, Araki, Y., additional, Sakatani, N., additional, Schultz, C., additional, Sekizawa, O., additional, Sitzman, S. D., additional, Sugiura, K., additional, Sun, M., additional, Dartois, E., additional, De Pauw, E., additional, Dionnet, Z., additional, Djouadi, Z., additional, Falkenberg, G., additional, Fujita, R., additional, Fukuma, T., additional, Gearba, I. R., additional, Hagiya, K., additional, Hu, M. Y., additional, Kato, T., additional, Kawamura, T., additional, Kimura, M., additional, Kubo, M. K., additional, Langenhorst, F., additional, Lantz, C., additional, Lavina, B., additional, Lindner, M., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Vekemans, B., additional, Baklouti, D., additional, Bazi, B., additional, Borondics, F., additional, Nagasawa, S., additional, Nishiyama, G., additional, Nitta, K., additional, Mathurin, J., additional, Matsumoto, T., additional, Mitsukawa, I., additional, Miura, H., additional, Miyake, A., additional, Miyake, Y., additional, Yurimoto, H., additional, Okazaki, R., additional, Yabuta, H., additional, Naraoka, H., additional, Sakamoto, K., additional, Tachibana, S., additional, Connolly, H. C., additional, Lauretta, D. S., additional, Yoshitake, M., additional, Yoshikawa, M., additional, Yoshikawa, K., additional, Yoshihara, K., additional, Yokota, Y., additional, Yogata, K., additional, Yano, H., additional, Yamamoto, Y., additional, Yamamoto, D., additional, Yamada, M., additional, Yamada, T., additional, Yada, T., additional, Wada, K., additional, Usui, T., additional, Tsukizaki, R., additional, Terui, F., additional, Takeuchi, H., additional, Takei, Y., additional, Iwamae, A., additional, Soejima, H., additional, Shirai, K., additional, Shimaki, Y., additional, Senshu, H., additional, Sawada, H., additional, Saiki, T., additional, Ozaki, M., additional, Ono, G., additional, Okada, T., additional, Ogawa, N., additional, Ogawa, K., additional, Noguchi, R., additional, Noda, H., additional, Nishimura, M., additional, Namiki, N., additional, Nakazawa, S., additional, Morota, T., additional, Miyazaki, A., additional, Miura, A., additional, Mimasu, Y., additional, Matsumoto, K., additional, Kumagai, K., additional, Kouyama, T., additional, Kikuchi, S., additional, Kawahara, K., additional, Kameda, S., additional, Iwata, T., additional, Ishihara, Y., additional, Ishiguro, M., additional, Ikeda, H., additional, Hosoda, S., additional, Honda, R., additional, Honda, C., additional, Hitomi, Y., additional, Hirata, N., additional, Hayashi, T., additional, Hayakawa, M., additional, Hatakeda, K., additional, Furuya, S., additional, Fukai, R., additional, Fujii, A., additional, Cho, Y., additional, Arakawa, M., additional, Abe, M., additional, and Tsuda, Y., additional
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- 2023
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8. Evaluation of lifestyle scores in relation to blood pressure in young and older adults of the airwave health monitoring study of British police force employees
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Aljuraiban, G.S., primary, Gibson, R., additional, Chan, D.S.M., additional, Chan, Q., additional, and Oude Griep, L.M., additional
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- 2023
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9. Host genomic influence on the gut microbial metabolite-blood pressure relationship
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Posma, JM, Perez, IG, Karaman, I, Gao, H, Chan, Q, Daviglus, M, Van Horn, L, Holmes, E, Nicholson, JK, and Elliott, P
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- 2023
10. Organic Compounds in Early Solar System Aqueous Fluids
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Bodnar, R. J, Dolocan, A, Zolensky, M. E, Lamadrid, H, Kebukawa, Y, Chan, Q. H.-S, and Rahman, Z
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Space Sciences (General) - Abstract
thermally-metamorphosed ordinary chondrite regolith breccias (Monahans 1998, hereafter simply “Monahans” ( 5) and Zag (H3-6)) contain fluid inclusion-bearing halite (NaCl) crystals dated to be ~4.5 billion years old. Thus, compositional data on fluid inclusions in these halites will reveal unique information regarding the origin and activity of aqueous fluids in the early solar system, and especially their interactions with organic mate- rial. Our initial analyses of solid inclusions in Monahans halite has shown the presence of olivine, high- and low- Ca pyroxene, feldspars, magnetite, sulfides, phyllosilicates, zeolites, metal, phosphates and abundant organics. We age of carbon, carbonates and organics in these residues, and low but significant amino acids concentrations in Monahans and Zag halite.
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- 2019
11. Parametric Study of Autoigniting Hydrogen–Methane Jets in Direct-Injection Engine Conditions
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Wan, Q., primary, Zhai, G., additional, Wang, C., additional, Evans, M. J., additional, Medwell, P. R., additional, Yuen, A. C. Y., additional, Kook, S., additional, Yeoh, G. H., additional, and Chan, Q. N., additional
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- 2022
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12. Outer Solar System Material in Inner Solar System Regolith Breccias
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Zolensky, M, Fries, M, Chan, Q. H.-S, Kebukawa, Y, Steele, A, Bodnar, R. J, Ito, M, Nakashima, D, Nakamura, T, Greenwood, R, Rahman, Z, Le, L, Ross, D. K, Ziegler, K, Bottke, W, and Martinez, J
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Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ,Geosciences (General) - Abstract
There is excellent evidence that a dynamical instability in the early solar system led to gravitational interactions between the giant planets and trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Giant planetary migration triggered by the instability dispersed a disk of primordial TNOs and created a number of small body reservoirs (e.g. the Kuiper Belt, scattered disk, irregular satellites, and the Jupiter/Neptune Trojan populations). It also injected numerous bodies into the main asteroid belt, where modeling shows they can successfully reproduce the observed P and D-type asteroid populations. During the injection era and after implantation, some of these “main belt TNOs” would have collided with S-class asteroids. Some of this material may have survived as a component of asteroid regolith breccias. Thus, we have been searching for evidence of these impact events in the form of carbonaceous xenoliths in brecciated ordinary chondrites. These xenoliths would have experienced a wide range of impact velocities, and therefore we should expect to see everything between relatively unaltered material to completely shock-melted lithologies. This material might also be different from the carbonaceous chondrites that represent standard C-complex asteroids. A goal of this research is to define useful criteria for distinguishing between these two classes of materials, including O, Cr, N and C isotopes, petrographic characteristics, and chronology.
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- 2018
13. Hydrovolcanic Astromaterials in the Lab
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Zolensky, M. E, Fries, M, Chan, Q. H.-S, Kebukawa, Y, Steele, A, Yurimoto, Y, Itoh, S, Ito, M, and Bodnar, R. J
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Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ,Geosciences (General) - Abstract
Zag and Monahans (1998) are H chondrite regolith breccias that contain 4.5 GY old halite crystals which in turn contain abundant inclusions of aqueous fluids, solids and organics. We have previously proposed that these halites originated on a hydrovolcanically-active C class asteroid, probably Ceres, or a trans-neptunian object (TNO - or P- or D-class asteroid) injected into the inner solar system during giant planet migration. We have begun a detailed analysis of organics and other solids trapped within the halite, which we hypothesize sample the mantle of the halite parent object, and are examining a halite-bearing C1 chondrite clast also found in Zag, which is similar to the solids in the halite. These investigations will reveal the water-rock interactions on the hydrovolcanically-active parent world.
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- 2018
14. Primitive Oxygen-, Nitrogen-, and Organic-Rich Vein Preserved in a Xenolith Hosted in the Metamorphosed Carancas Meteorite
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, Kebukawa, Y, Franchi, I, Wright, I, Zhao, I, Rahman, Z, and Utas, J
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Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Primitive xenolithic CI-like carbonaceous (C) clasts are sometimes hosted within meteorites of a different origin (ordinary chondrite, ureilite, howardite, and eucrite). These xenoliths contain aggregates of macromolecular carbon (MMC), which are often present as discrete grains and exhibit a wide range of structural order and chemical compositions. The Carancas meteorite is a H4-5 that impacted south of Lake Titicaca, Peru in 2007. While the meteorite exhibits extensive recrystallization of the matrix indicating metamorphism, it contains dark, CI-like clasts that show no evidence of heating. Similar to other xenolithic clasts, the examined C clast of Carancas contains MMC, which however exists in the form of a vein-like structure dissimilar to the typical occurrence of MMC in meteorites. We investigated the organic and isotopic compositions of the organic-rich vein with C,N,O-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), Raman spectroscopy, and NanoSIMS, in order to constrain its possible origin.
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- 2018
15. Meteoritic Evidence for Injection of Trans-Neptunian Objects into the Inner Solar System
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Zolensky, M, Johnson, J, Ziegler, K, Chan, Q, Kebukawa, Y, Bottke, W, Fries, M, Martinez, J, and Le, L
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Space Sciences (General) - Abstract
There is excellent evidence that a dynamical instability in the early solar system led to gravitational interactions between the giant planets and trans-Neptunian planetesimals. Giant planetary migration triggered by the instability dispersed a disk of primordial trans-Neptunian object (TNOs) and created a number of small body reservoirs (e.g. the Kuiper Belt, scattered disk, irregular satellites, and the Jupiter/Neptune Trojan populations). It also injected numerous bodies into the main asteroid belt, where modeling shows they can successfully reproduce the observed P and D-type asteroid populations.
- Published
- 2018
16. Investigation of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio target level based on the recommended dietary intake goals for the Japanese population: The INTERMAP Japan
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Salman, E, Kadota, A, Okami, Y, Kondo, K, Yoshita, K, Okuda, N, Nakagawa, H, Saitoh, S, Sakata, K, Okayama, A, Chan, Q, Elliott, P, Stamler, J, Ueshima, H, and Miura, K
- Abstract
Growing epidemiological evidence has shown an association of the urinary sodium (Na) to potassium (K) ratio (Na/K ratio) with blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. However, no clear cutoff level has been defined. We investigated the cutoff level of the urinary Na/K ratio under different dietary guidelines for Japanese individuals, especially that endorsed by the 2020 revised Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). A population of 1145 Japanese men and women aged 40 to 59 years from the INTERMAP study was examined. Using high-quality standardized data, the averages of two 24 h urinary collections and four 24 h dietary recalls were used to calculate the 24 h urinary and dietary Na/K ratios, respectively. Associations between the urinary and dietary Na/K ratios were tested by sex- and age-adjusted partial correlation. The optimal urinary Na/K ratio cutoff level was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and sex-specific cross tables for recommended dietary K and salt. Overall, the average molar ratio of 24 h urinary Na/K was 4.3. We found moderate correlations (P
- Published
- 2022
17. An optimised repetition time (TR) for cine imaging of uterine peristalsis on 3 T MRI
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Liu, S., Zhang, Q., Yin, C., Chen, W., Chan, Q., He, J., and Zhu, B.
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- 2018
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18. Household air pollution from solid fuel use as a dose-dependent risk factor for cognitive impairment in northern China
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Tseng, T-WJ, Carter, E, Yan, L, Chan, Q, Elliott, P, Ezzati, M, Kelly, F, Schauer, JJ, Wu, Y, Yang, X, Zhao, L, Baumgartner, J, and Wellcome Trust
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China ,Multidisciplinary ,Risk Factors ,Air Pollution ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Cooking ,Environmental Exposure ,Prospective Studies ,Aged - Abstract
The relationship between exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use and cognition remains poorly understood. Among 401 older adults in peri-urban northern China enrolled in the INTERMAP-China Prospective Study, we estimated the associations between exposure to HAP and z-standardized domain-specific and overall cognitive scores from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Interquartile range increases in exposures to fine particulate matter (53.2-µg/m3) and black carbon (0.9-µg/m3) were linearly associated with lower overall cognition [− 0.13 (95% confidence interval: − 0.22, − 0.04) and − 0.10 (− 0.19, − 0.01), respectively]. Using solid fuel indoors and greater intensity of its use were also associated with lower overall cognition (range of point estimates: − 0.13 to − 0.03), though confidence intervals included zero. Among individual cognitive domains, attention had the largest associations with most exposure measures. Our findings indicate that exposure to HAP may be a dose-dependent risk factor for cognitive impairment. As exposure to HAP remains pervasive in China and worldwide, reducing exposure through the promotion of less-polluting stoves and fuels may be a population-wide intervention strategy to lessen the burden of cognitive impairment.
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- 2022
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19. Balancing the Equation: A Natural History of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine-N-oxide
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Loo, R.L., Chan, Q., Nicholson, J.K., Holmes, E., Loo, R.L., Chan, Q., Nicholson, J.K., and Holmes, E.
- Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) and its N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in prokaryote and eukaryote organisms as well as in the environment, reflecting their fundamental importance in evolutionary biology, and their diverse biochemical functions. Both metabolites have multiple biological roles including cell-signaling. Much attention has focused on the significance of serum and urinary TMAO in cardiovascular disease risk, yet this is only one of the many facets of a deeper TMA–TMAO partnership that reflects the significance of these metabolites in multiple biological processes spanning animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. We report on analytical methods for measuring TMA and TMAO and attempt to critically synthesize and map the global functions of TMA and TMAO in a systems biology framework.
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- 2022
20. Blood pressure interactions with the DASH dietary pattern, sodium, and potassium: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)
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Chan, Q., Wren, G.M., Lau, C-H.E., Ebbels, T.M.D., Gibson, R., Loo, R.L., Aljuraiban, G.S., Posma, J.M., Dyer, A.R., Steffen, L.M., Rodriguez, B.L., Appel, L.J., Daviglus, M.L., Elliott, P., Stamler, J., Holmes, E., Van Horn, L., Chan, Q., Wren, G.M., Lau, C-H.E., Ebbels, T.M.D., Gibson, R., Loo, R.L., Aljuraiban, G.S., Posma, J.M., Dyer, A.R., Steffen, L.M., Rodriguez, B.L., Appel, L.J., Daviglus, M.L., Elliott, P., Stamler, J., Holmes, E., and Van Horn, L.
- Abstract
Background Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet enhances potassium intake and reduces sodium intake and blood pressure (BP), but the underlying metabolic pathways are unclear. Objectives Among free-living populations, we delineated metabolic signatures associated with the DASH diet adherence, 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretions, and the potential metabolic pathways involved. Methods We used 24-hour urinary metabolic profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize the metabolic signatures associated with the DASH dietary pattern score (DASH score) and 24-hour excretion of sodium and potassium among participants in the United States (n = 2164) and United Kingdom (n = 496) enrolled in the International Study of Macro- and Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). Multiple linear regression and cross-tabulation analyses were used to investigate the DASH-BP relation and its modulation by sodium and potassium. Potential pathways associated with DASH adherence, sodium and potassium excretion, and BP were identified using mediation analyses and metabolic reaction networks. Results Adherence to the DASH diet was associated with urinary potassium excretion (correlation coefficient, r = 0.42; P < 0.0001). In multivariable regression analyses, a 5-point higher DASH score (range, 7 to 35) was associated with a lower systolic BP by 1.35 mmHg (95% CI, −1.95 to −0.80 mmHg; P = 1.2 × 10−5); control of the model for potassium but not sodium attenuated the DASH-BP relation. Two common metabolites (hippurate and citrate) mediated the potassium-BP and DASH-BP relationships, while 5 metabolites (succinate, alanine, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, 4-hydroxyhippurate, and phenylacetylglutamine) were found to be specific to the DASH-BP relation. Conclusions Greater adherence to the DASH diet is associated with lower BP and higher potassium intake across levels of sodium intake. The DASH diet recommends greater intake o
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- 2022
21. Organic Matter in Extraterrestrial Water-Bearing Salt Crystals
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, Kebukwa, Y, Fries, M, and Steele, A
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Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Introduction: Direct samples of early Solar System fluids are present in two thermally-metamorphosed ordinary chondrite regolith breccias (Monahans (1998) [H5] and Zag [H3-6]), which were found to contain brine-bearing halite (NaCl) crystals that have been added to the regolith of an S-type asteroid following asteroidal metamorphism [1, 2]. The brine-bearing halite grains were proposed to be formed on an icy C-type asteroids (possibly Ceres), and transferred to an S-type asteroid via cryovolcanic event(s) [3]. A unique aspect of these halites is that they contain abundant organic rich solid inclusions hosted within the halites alongside the water inclusions. Methods: We analyzed in detail the compositions of the organic solids and the amino acid content of the halite crystals with two-step laser desorption/laser ionization mass spectrometry (L(sup 2) MS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection and quadrupole time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry (UPLC-FD/QToF-MS). Results and Discussion: The L(sup 2) MS results show signatures of low-mass polyaromatic hydro-carbons (PAHs) indicated by sequences of peaks separated by 14 atomic mass units (amu) due to successive addition of methylene (CH2) groups to the PAH skeletons [4]. Raman spectra of the micron-sized solid inclusions of the halites indicate the presence of abundant and highly variable organic matter that include a mixture of short-chain aliphatic compounds and macromolecular carbon. C-XANES analysis identified C-rich areas with peaks at 285.0 eV (aromatic C=C) and 286.6 eV (vinyl-keto C=O). However, there is no 1s-sigma* exciton peak (291.7 eV) that is indicative of the development of graphene structure [5], which suggests the organics were synthesized cold. Na-noSIMS analyses show C-rich and N-rich areas that exhibit similar isotopic values with that of the IOM in the unweathered CR chondrites and less metamorphosed meteorites [6], and are moderately enriched in N-15 (delta N-15 = 106.1-164.5 per mille). The total amino acid distribution and abundance of the Zag matrix (approximately 1,940 parts per billion [ppb]) is comparable to other ordinary chondrites (60-3,330 ppb) [7, 8]. While the Zag matrix is gamma-ABA and EACA-deficient, the halite is shown to exhibit an opposite trend and is almost depleted in amino acids. The striking difference in the amino acid contents between the halite and matrix indicates their separate synthetic origins. Conclusion: Abundant, primitive, and highly-diverse N-15-rich organic compounds were detected in brine-water bearing halite crystals that were synthesized on a cryovolcanically-active asteroid. Our study suggests that the asteroidal parent body where the halite precipitated, potentially Ceres, is a host to abundance large variety organic precursors. Insoluble organic matter and amino acids can be synthesized from similar organic precusors under hydrous conditions [9].We envision that similar organic synthetic processes could have occurred on Ceres that synthesized organic solids as well as biologically relevant molecules.
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- 2017
22. Synthesis of Amino Acid Precursors with Organic Solids in Planetesimals with Liquid Water
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Kebukawa, Y, Misawa, S, Matsukuma, J, Chan, Q. H. S, Kobayashi, J, Tachibana, S, and Zolensky, M. E
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Exobiology - Abstract
Amino acids are important ingredients of life that would have been delivered to Earth by extraterrestrial sources, e.g., comets and meteorites. Amino acids are found in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites in good part in the form of precursors that release amino acids after acid hydrolysis. Meanwhile, most of the organic carbon (greater than 70 weight %) in carbonaceous chondrites exists in the form of solvent insoluble organic matter (IOM) with complex macromolecular structures. Complex macromolecular organic matter can be produced by either photolysis of interstellar ices or aqueous chemistry in planetesimals. We focused on the synthesis of amino acids during aqueous alteration, and demonstrated one-pot synthesis of a complex suite of amino acids simultaneously with IOM via hydrothermal experiments simulating the aqueous processing
- Published
- 2017
23. Effects of Short-Term Thermal Alteration on Organic Matter in Experimentally-Heated Tagish Lake Observed by Raman Spectroscopy
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Nakato, A, Zolensky, M. E, Nakamura, T, Kebukawa, Y, Maisano, J, Colbert, M, and Martinez, J. E
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Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Carbonaceous chondrites exhibit a wide range of aqueous and thermal alteration characteristics, while some are known to demonstrate mineralogical and petrologic evidence of having been thermally metamorphosed after aqueous alteration. This group of meteorites are commonly referred as thermally met-amorphosed carbonaceous chondrites (TMCCs), and their reflectance spectra show resemblances to that of C-type asteroids which typically have low albedos. This suggests that the surfaces of the C-type asteroids are also composed of both hydrous and dehydrated minerals, and thus TMCCs are among the best samples that can be studied in laboratory to reveal the true nature of the C-type asteroids. Although TMCCs are usually meteorites that were previously categorized as CI and CM chondrites, they are not strictly CI/CM because they exhibit isotopic and petrographic characteristics that significantly deviate from typical CI/CM. More appropriately, they are called CI-like and/or CM-like chondrites. Typical examples of TMCCs include the C2-ung/CM2TIV Belgica (B)-7904 and Yamato (Y) 86720. Thermal alteration is virtually complete in these meteorites and thus they are considered typical end-members of TMCCs exhibiting complete dehydration of matrix phyllosilicates. The estimated heating conditions are 10 to 103 days at 700 C to 1 to 100 hours at 890 C, i.e. short-term heating induced by impact and/or solar radiation. While the petrology and chemistry of TMCCs have only recently been extensively characterized, we have just begun to study in detail their organic contents. In order to understand how short-term heating affects the maturity of insoluble organic matter (IOM) in hydrous chondrites, we investigated experimentally-heated Tagish Lake meteorite using Raman spectroscopy, as the chemical and bulk oxygen isotopic compositions of the matrix of the carbonate (CO3)-poor lithology of the Tagish Lake (hereafter Tag) meteorite bears similarities to the TMCCs.
- Published
- 2017
24. Highly Pristine Organic Matter in a Xenolith Clast in the Zag H Chrondrite
- Author
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Kebukawa, Y, Ito, M, Zolensky, M. E, Nakato, A, Suga, H, Takahashi, Y, Takeichi, Y, Mase, K, Chan, Q, Fries, M, and Kobayashi, K
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
The Zag meteorite is a halite-bearing H3-6 chondrite [1]. We have been studying a dark Zag clast with abundant organic matter [2,3], which was proposed to be from Ceres [4,5]. Therefore, our systematic research of the Zag clast may provide an important linkage to the recent remote sensing observations obtained by the DAWN mission to Ceres. We prepared a new sub-sample of this clast for coordinated organic analysis by STXM-XANES and NanoSIMS, in order to understand the nature and origin of the organic matter.
- Published
- 2017
25. Trends and inequalities in the incidence of acute myocardial 2 infarction among Beijing townships, 2007–2018
- Author
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Ezzati, M, Chan, Q, Wellcome Trust, and British Heart Foundation
- Subjects
inequality ,temporal trends ,incidence ,acute myocardial infarction ,Toxicology - Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses a serious disease burden in China, but studies on small-area characteristics of AMI incidence are lacking. We therefore examined temporal trends and geographic variations in AMI incidence at the township level in Beijing. In this cross-sectional analysis, 259,830 AMI events during 2007–2018 from the Beijing Cardiovascular Disease Surveillance System were included. We estimated AMI incidence for 307 consistent townships during consecutive 3-year periods with a Bayesian spatial model. From 2007 to 2018, the median AMI incidence in townships increased from 216.3 to 231.6 per 100,000, with a greater relative increase in young and middle-aged males (35–49 years: 54.2%; 50–64 years: 33.2%). The most pronounced increases in the relative inequalities was observed among young residents (2.1 to 2.8 for males and 2.8 to 3.4 for females). Townships with high rates and larger relative increases were primarily located in Beijing’s northeastern and southwestern peri-urban areas. However, large increases among young and middle-aged males were observed throughout peri-urban areas. AMI incidence and their changes over time varied substantially at the township level in Beijing, especially among young adults. Targeted mitigation strategies are required for high-risk populations and areas to reduce health disparities across Beijing.
- Published
- 2021
26. Organic Aggregates with (delta)D and delta(sup 15)N Anomalies in the Zag Clast Revealed by STXM and NanoSIMS
- Author
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Kebukawa, Y, Ito, M, Zolensky, M. E, Rahman, Z, Kilcoyne, A. L. D, Nakato, A, Takeichi, Y, Suga, H, Miyamoto, C, Mase, K, Takahashi, Y, Chan, Q, and Fries, M
- Subjects
Geophysics ,Space Sciences (General) - Abstract
Xenolithic clasts are often found in a wide variety of meteorite groups. Some ordinary chondrite clasts are interesting since these clasts might have originated from Ceres which shares crossing orbits with a possible ordinary chondrite parent body, Hebe. The Zag meteorite contains a dark clast dominated by saponite, serpentine, carbonates, sulfides, magnetite, minor olivine and pyroxene, which is consistent with formation on a large, carbonaceous, aqueously active body, e.g., Ceres. Abundant large C-rich grains up to 20 microns were found in the Zag clast as well. Such large C-rich grains are unique among any other meteorites in our knowledge, and will provide important clues to decipher the origin of the clast and accretion history. C-rich grains were selected in the Zag dark clast using SEM and approximately 100 nm-thick sections were prepared using a focused ion beam (FIB) at NASA-JSC. The sections were analyzed using the scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) on beamline 5.3.2.2 at Advanced Light Source, LBNL, and BL-13A at the Photon Factory, KEK. Subsequently, the FIB section was analyzed for H, C and N isotopic compositions using a CAMECA NanoSIMS 50L ion microprobe at Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC
- Published
- 2016
27. C Chondrite Clasts in H Chondrite Regolith Breccias: Something Different
- Author
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Zolensky, M. E, Fries, M, Utas, J, Chan, Q. H.-S, Kebukawa, Y, Steele, A, Bodnar, R. J, Ito, M, Nakashima, D, Greenwood, R, Rahman, Z, Le, L, and Ross, D. K
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Zag (H3-6) and Monahans (1998) (H5) are regolith breccias that contain 4.5 GY old halite crystals which in turn contain abundant inclusions of aqueous fluids, solids and organics [1-4]. We have previously proposed that these halites originated on a hydro-volcanically-active C-class asteroid, probably Ceres [3-7]. We have begun a detailed analysis of the included solids and organics and are re-examining the related carbonaceous (C)) chondrite clast we previously reported in Zag [5-7]. These new investigations will potentially reveal the mineralogy of asteroid Ceres. We report here on potentially identical C chondrite clasts in the H chondrite regolith breccias Tsukuba (H5-6) and Carancas (H4-5). The clast in Tsukuba was known before [8], but the Carancas clast is newly recognized.
- Published
- 2016
28. Transmission Electron Microscopy of Magnetite Plaquettes in Orgueil
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Chan, Q. H. S, Han, J, and Zolensky, M
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ,Electronics And Electrical Engineering - Abstract
Magnetite sometimes takes the form of a plaquette - barrel-shaped stack of magnetite disks - in carbonaceous chondrites (CC) that show evidence of aqueous alteration. The asymmetric nature of the plaquettes caused Pizzarello and Groy to propose magnetite plaquettes as a naturally asymmetric mineral that can indroduce symmetry-breaking in organic molecules. Our previous synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (SXRCT) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses of the magnetite plaquettes in fifteen CCs indicate that magnetite plaquettes are composed of nearly parallel discs, and the crystallographic orientations of the discs change around a rotational axis normal to the discs surfaces. In order to further investigate the nanostructures of magnetite plaquettes, we made two focused ion beam (FIB) sections of nine magnetite plaquettes from a thin section of CI Orgueil for transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. The X-ray spectrum imaging shows that the magnetite discs are purely iron oxide Fe3O4 (42.9 at% Fe and 57.1 at% O), which suggest that the plaquettes are of aqueous origin as it is difficult to form pure magnetite as a nebular condensate. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns acquired across the plaquettes show that the magnetite discs are single crystals. SEM and EBSD analyses suggest that the planar surfaces of the magnetite discs belong to the {100} planes of the cubic inverse spinel structure, which are supported by our TEM observations. Kerridge et al. suggested that the epitaxial relationship between magnetite plaquette and carbonate determines the magnetite face. However, according to our TEM observation, the association of magnetite with porous networks of phyllosilicate indicates that the epitaxial relationship with carbonate is not essential to the formation of magnetite plaquettes. It was difficult to determine the preferred rotational orientation of the plaquettes due to the symmetry of the cubic structure, however, we are able to observe small but consistent rotational orientation across several discs within a plaquette.
- Published
- 2016
29. Ceres Revealed in a Grain of Salt
- Author
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Zolensky, M. E, Bodnar, R. J, Fries, M, Chan, Q. H.-S, Kebukawa, Y, Mikouchi, T, Hagiya, K, Komatsu, M, Ohsumi, K, and Steele, A
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Introduction: Zag and Monahans (1998) are H chondrite regolith breccias containing 4.5 giga-year-old halite crystals which contain abundant inclusions of aqueous fluids, solids and organics. These all originated on a cryo-volcanically-active C class asteroid, probably 1 Ceres; the halite was transported to the regolith of the H chondrite parent asteroid, potentially 6 Hebe. Detailed analysis of these solids will thus potentially reveal the mineralogy of Ceres. Mineralogy of solids in the Monahans Halite Solid grains are present in the halites, which were entrained within the mother brines during eruption, including material from the interior and surface of the erupting body. The solids include abundant, widely variable organics that could not have been significantly heated (which would have resulted in the loss of fluids from the halite). Our analyses by Raman microprobe, SEM/EDX, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, UPLC-FD/QToF-MS, C-XANES and TEM reveal that these trapped grains include macromolecular carbon (MMC) similar in structure to CV3 chondrite matrix carbon, aliphatic carbon compounds, olivine (Fo99-59), high- and low-Ca pyroxene, feldspars, phyllosilicates, magnetite, sulfides, metal, lepidocrocite, carbonates, diamond, apatite and zeolites. Conclusions: The halite in Monahans and Zag derive from a water and carbon-rich object that was cryo-volcanically active in the early solar system, probably Ceres. The Dawn spacecraft found that Ceres includes C chondrite materials. Our samples include both protolith and aqueously-altered samples of the body, permitting understanding of alteration conditions. Whatever the halite parent body, it was rich in a wide variety of organics and warm, liquid water at the solar system's dawn.
- Published
- 2016
30. A Raman Study of Carbonates and Organic Contents in Five CM Chondrites
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, Bodnar, R. J, Farley, C, and Cheung, J. C. H
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Carbonates comprise the second most abundant class of carbon-bearing phases in carbonaceous chondrites after organic matter (approximately 2 wt.%), followed by other C-bearing phases such as diamond, silicon carbide, and graphite. Therefore, understanding the abundances of carbonates and the associated organic matter provide critical insight into the genesis of major carbonaceous components in chondritic materials. Carbonates in CM chondrites mostly occur as calcite (of varying composition) and dolomite. Properly performed, Raman spectroscopy provides a non-destructive technique for characterizing meteorite mineralogy and organic chemistry. It is sensitive to many carbonaceous phases, allows the differentiation of organic from inorganic materials, and the interpretation of their spatial distribution. Here, with the use of Raman spectroscopy, we determine the structure of the insoluble organic matter (IOM) in the matrix and carbonate phases in five CM chondrites: Jbilet Winselwan, Murchison, Nogoya, Santa Cruz, and Wisconsin Range (WIS) 91600, and interpret the relative timing of carbonate precipitation and the extent of the associated alteration events.
- Published
- 2016
31. Amino Acids in the Asteroidal Water-Bearing Salt Crystals Hosted in the Zag Meteorite
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, Burton, A. S, and Locke, D. R
- Subjects
Geophysics - Abstract
Solid evidence of liquid water in primitive meteorites is given by the ordinary chondrites H5 Monahans (1998) and H3-6 Zag. Aqueous fluid inclusion-bearing halite (NaCl) crystals were shown to be common in Zag. These striking blue/purple crystals (Figure 1), which gained the coloration from electron-trapping in the Cl-vacancies through exposure to ionizing radiation, were determined to be over 4.0-4.7 billion years old by I-Xe dating. The halite grains are present as discrete grains within an H-chondrite matrix with no evidence for aqueous alteration that indicates a xenogenic source, possibly ancient cryovolcanism. They were proposed to be formed from the cryovolcanic plumes on icy C-type asteroids (possibly Ceres), and were transferred and incorporated into the H chondrite parent asteroid following the eruption event(s). A unique aspect of these halites is that they contain abundant solid inclusions hosted within the halites alongside the water inclusions. The solid inclusions were suggested to be entrained within the fluid erupted from the cryovolcanic event(s), and were shown to be comprised of abundant organics. Spectrofluorometric study and Raman imaging of the halites have identified macromolecular carbon and aliphatic carbon compounds. In order to investigate the type of organics present in Zag and in particular within the fluid-bearing halites, we studied for the first time the amino acid contents of a selected mineral (halite) phase in a meteorite sample.
- Published
- 2016
32. Mineralogy of Experimentally Heated Tagish Lake
- Author
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Nakato, A, Chan, Q. H. S, Nakamura, T, Kebukawa, Y, and Zolensky, M. E
- Subjects
Geophysics - Abstract
Since the 1980s, more than 20 thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites (TMCCs) have been found in Antarctica and in hot deserts. The petrology of TMCCs suggests that some C-type asteroids were heated and dehydrated after aqueous alteration. Besides, previous studies indicate that the conditions of thermal metamorphism experienced by these meteorites may have been quite variable. It reflects that metamorphism of the TMCCs was complex.
- Published
- 2016
33. A Combined Study Investigating the Insoluble and Soluble Organic Compounds in Category 3 Carbonaceous Itokawa Particles Recovered by the Hayabusa Mission
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M, Burton, A, Clemett, S, Fries, M, and Kebukawa, Y
- Subjects
Exobiology ,Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
At the 3rd International Announcement of Opportunity (AO), we have been approved for five Category 3 carbonaceous Itokawa particles (RA-QD02-0012, RA-QD02-0078, RB-CV-0029, RB-CV-0080 and RB-QD04-0052) recovered by the first Hayabusa mission of JAXA. In this investigation, we aim to provide a comprehensive study to characterize and account for the presence of carbon-bearing phases as suggested by the initial Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis carried out by JAXA at the curation facility, and to describe the mineralogical components of the particles. The insoluble organic content of Itokawa particle has been investigated with the use of micro-Raman spectroscopy by Kitajima and co-workers [1]. The Raman spectra of Itokawa particles show broad G- and D-bands typical of low temperature material which offers an interesting contrast to the high metamorphic grade (LL4-6) of the Itokawa parent body. Amino acid analysis has been conducted by Naraoka et al. [2] to study the soluble organic component of Itokawa particles, but since it was a preliminary study and thus did not have the opportunity to target on Category 3 carbonaceous particles, only terrestrial contaminants were identified. The investigation will be carried out in the following order prioritized according to the progressive damage the analytical techniques can induce: (1) micro-Raman spectrometry, (2) two-step laser mass spectrometry (micro-L2MS), (3) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-FD/ToF-MS), and optimally if we can recover the particles after wet chemistry analysis, we will mount the samples and perform (4) electron beam microscopy (SEM, electron back-scattered diffraction [EBSD]) and (5) carbon X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (C-XANES). We will begin the analytical procedures upon receiving the samples in September/October. This work will provide us with an understanding of the variety and origins of the carbon-bearing phases present in primitive solar system bodies from a direct sample-returned mission, which is less likely hampered by risks of terrestrial contamination as compared to meteorite finds and falls.
- Published
- 2015
34. Understanding the Organo-Carbonate Associations in Carbonaceous Chondrites with the Use of Micro-Raman Analysis
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S and Zolensky, M. E
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ,Inorganic, Organic And Physical Chemistry ,Instrumentation And Photography - Abstract
Carbonates can potentially provide sites for organic materials to accrue and develop into complex macromolecules. This study examines the organics associated with carbonates in carbonaceous chondrites using micron-Raman imaging.
- Published
- 2015
35. Crystallography of Magnetite Plaquettes and their Significance as Asymmetric Catalysts for the Synthesis of Chiral Organics in Carbonaceous Chondrites
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S and Zolensky, M. E
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ,Instrumentation And Photography - Abstract
We have previously observed the magnetite plaquettes in carbonaceous chondrites using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, examined the crystal orientation of the polished surfaces of magnetite plaquettes in CI Orgueil using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, and concluded that these magnetite plaquettes are likely naturally asymmetric materials. In this study, we expanded our EBSD observation to other magnetite plaquettes in Orgueil, and further examined the internal structure of these remarkable crystals with the use of X-ray computed microtomography.
- Published
- 2015
36. Characterization of Organic Materials in the Xenolithic Clasts in Sharps (H3.4) Meteorite Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, Bodnar, R. J, and Kebukawa, Y
- Subjects
Chemistry And Materials (General) ,Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ,Instrumentation And Photography - Abstract
Graphitization of carbon is an irreversible process which alters the structure of graphitic materials in response to the increase in metamorphic grade (temperature and/or pressure). Carbonaceous materials offer a reliable geothermometer as their Raman spectra change systematically with increasing metamorphic grade. In this study, we identified carbonaceous materials in the xenolithic clasts in Sharps and interpreted their metamorphic history by revealing the structural organization (order) of the polyaromatic organic phases using micro-Raman spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2015
37. Characterization of Organic Materials in the Xenolithic Clasts in Sharps (H3.4) Meteorite Using Microraman Spectroscopy
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, Bodnar, R. J, and Kebukawa, Y
- Subjects
Chemistry And Materials (General) - Abstract
Graphitization of carbon is an irreversible process which alters the structure of graphitic materials in response to the increase in metamorphic grade (temperature and/or pressure). Carbonaceous materials offer a reliable geothermometer as their Raman spectra change systematically with increasing metamorphic grade [1-3]. In this study, we identified carbonaceous materials in the xenolithic clasts in Sharps and interpreted their metamorphic history by revealing the structural organization (order) of the polyaromatic organic phases using μ-Raman spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2015
38. Magnetite Plaquettes Provide an Extraterrestrial Source of Asymmetric Components
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, and Martinez, J. E
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Molecular selectivity is a crucial criterion for life. A possible abiotic mechanism that can produce chiral asymmetry in meteoritic amino acids is their formation with the presence of asymmetric catalysts. Magnetite (Fe3O4), a common mineral in some carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the formation of amino acids that are commonly found in these meteorites. Magnetite sometimes takes the form of plaquettes that consist of barrel-shaped stacks of magnetite disks that resemble a spiral. However, a widely accepted description of the internal morphology of this particular magnetite form is still lacking, which is necessary in order to confirm or disprove the spiral configuration.
- Published
- 2015
39. Scaffold of Asymmetric Organic Compounds - Magnetite Plaquettes
- Author
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Chan, Q. H. S, Zolensky, M. E, and Martinez, J
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration - Abstract
Life on Earth shows preference towards the set of organics with particular spatial configurations, this 'selectivity' is a crucial criterion for life. With only rare exceptions, life prefers the left- (L-) form over the right- (D-) form of amino acids, resulting in an L-enantiomeric excess (L-ee). Recent studies have shown Lee for alpha-methyl amino acids in some chondrites. Since these amino acids have limited terrestrial occurrence, the origin of their stereoselectivity is nonbiological, and it seems appropriate to conclude that chiral asymmetry, the molecular characteristic that is common to all terrestrial life form, has an abiotic origin. A possible abiotic mechanism that can produce chiral asymmetry in meteoritic amino acids is their formation with the presence of asymmetric catalysts, as mineral crystallization can produce spatially asymmetric structures. Magnetite is shown to be an effective catalyst for the formation of amino acids that are commonly found in chondrites. Magnetite 'plaquettes' (or 'platelets'), first described by Jedwab, show an interesting morphology of barrel-shaped stacks of magnetite disks with an apparent dislocation-induced spiral growth that seem to be connected at the center. A recent study by Singh et al. has shown that magnetites can self-assemble into helical superstructures. Such molecular asymmetry could be inherited by adsorbed organic molecules. In order to understand the distribution of 'spiral' magnetites in different meteorite classes, as well as to investigate their apparent spiral configurations and possible correlation to molecular asymmetry, we observed polished sections of carbonaceous chondrites (CC) using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. The sections were also studied by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) in order to reconstruct the crystal orientation along the stack of magnetite disks.
- Published
- 2015
40. Survival of Organic Materials in Ancient Cryovolcanically-Produced Halite Crystals
- Author
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Zolensky, M, Fries, M, Chan, Q. H.-S, Kebukawa, Y, Bodnar, R, Burton, A, Callahan, M, Steele, A, and Sandford, S
- Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration ,Earth Resources And Remote Sensing ,Geophysics - Abstract
Spectroscopic evidence supports the presence of Mg-Na-K salts derived from cryovolcanism on the surface of Europa. Halite (NaCl) is effective at very long-term preservation of organic phases and structures. Collection of salt crystals from Europan plumes would provide solid inclusions of organics, potentially also biomaterials, all suitable for analysis. Two thermally-metamorphosed ordinary chondrite regolith breccias (Monahans 1998 (H5) and Zag (H3-6)) contain fluid and solid inclusion-bearing halite crystals, dated to approximately 4.5 billion years, and thus the trapped aqueous fluids and solids are at least as old. Heating/freezing studies of the aqueous fluid inclusions in these halites demonstrated that they were trapped near 25 degrees Centigrade, and their continued presence in the halite grains requires that their incorporation into the H chondrite asteroid occurred after that body's metamorphism ended, since heating would have dessicated the halite. O and H isotopes of the trapped fluids are consistent with mixing of asteroidal and cometary water. Cryovolcanic Origin of the Halite: We hypothesize that these meteoritic halites derive from ancient cryovolcanism based on the following points. (1) Salts crystals are observed as products of current cryovolcanism on Enceladus. (2) In-situ spacecraft analysis of some of the icy grains associated with the Enceladus salt found minor organic or siliceous components, including methane, also found in the Monahans halite. (3) Cryovolcanic fluids are observed to be in chemical disequilibrium, reflecting incomplete reactions between interior volatiles and rocky materials. The coexistence of N2 and HCN in Enceladus' cryovolcanic fluids requires that the plume consists of a mixture of materials whose sources experienced different degrees of aqueous processing, including primordial material trapped in ice that has not been in contact with liquid water. The observed mineral assemblage within the Monahans and Zag halites is also far from equilibrium. Cryovolcanoes on Ceres are a potential source of our halite, however the processes that form halite should also be operating within Europa. Dissolution of Monahans halite grains has revealed a remarkable variety of organics, which dominate the population of solid inclusions. Thermal alteration of this macromolecular carbon (measured by Raman spectroscopy) shows remarkable diversity. We have identified highly-condensed aromatics, diamond, carbonates and chloromethane. Light organic compounds like methane tend to be water soluble and require cold formation temperatures at high hydrogen fugacity - i.e. require water ice. Another indication that these halites have not been heated is that light organics readily volatilize or aromaticize into PAHs. We are currently analyzing the organics by Raman and C-XANES, and measuring the content and exploring the potential chirality of amino acids in the halite. Implications for Europa Plumes: Organic materials and structures erupted by a Europa cryovolcano should be similarly preserved within halite, and other salts, which will be a convenient form for capture and analysis, since halite will serve to encapsulate and protect the organics from spacecraft contamination. Also, being transparent at many wavelengths halite will permit analysis by spacecraft-mounted spectroscopic techniques. In addition, halite is readily dissolved, permitting further analysis of entrained organics.
- Published
- 2015
41. Characterising frailty, metrics of continuous glucose monitoring, and mortality hazards in older adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy (HARE):a prospective, observational cohort study
- Author
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Fung, E. (Erik), Lui, L.-T. (Leong-Ting), Huang, L. (Lei), Cheng, K. F. (King Fai), Lau, G. H. (Gloria H. W.), Chung, Y. T. (Yi Ting), Ahmadabadi, B. N. (Behzad Nasiri), Xie, S. (Suyi), Lee, J. S. (Jenny S. W.), Hui, E. (Elsie), So, W. Y. (Wing Yee), Sung, J. J. (Joseph J. Y.), King, I. (Irwin), Goggins, W. B. (William B.), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Ma, R. C. (Ronald C. W.), Chow, E. (Elaine), and Kwok, T. (Timothy)
- Abstract
Summary Background: To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the inter-relationship between frailty, dysglycaemia, and mortality in frail older adults with type 2 diabetes who are on insulin therapy. We used continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) to profile this patient population and determine the prognostic value of CGM metrics. We hypothesised that incremental frailty was associated with increased hypoglycaemia or time below range (TBR). Methods: HARE was a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study with mortality hazard analysis carried out in four hospitals in Hong Kong. Eligible participants were community-living adults aged 70 years and older; had had type 2 diabetes for 5 years or more; were on insulin therapy; were frail; and were not hospitalised at the time of frailty assessment and CGM recording. Glucose control was characterised according to the Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes 2019 international consensus clinical targets. Frailty index was computed, and comprehensive frailty assessments and targeted serum metabolic profiling were performed. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend was used to analyse frailty index tertiles and variables. Inter-relationships between CGM metrics and frailty, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and serum albumin were characterised using adjusted regression models. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard modelling were performed. Findings: Between July 25, 2018, and Sept 27, 2019, 225 participants were recruited, 222 of whom had CGMs fitted and 215 of whom had analysable CGM data (190 were frail, 25 were not frail). Incremental frailty was associated with older age, greater HbA1c, worse renal function, and history of stroke. Eight of 11 CGM metrics were significantly associated with frailty. Decreased time in range (TIR; glucose concentration 3·9–10·0 mmol/L) and increased time above range (TAR) metrics were strongly correlated with increased frailty and hyperglycaemia, whereas TBR metrics were marginally or not different between frailty levels. Glucose-lowering agents did not significantly affect regression estimates. In patients with HbA1c of 7·5% or more, reduced serum albumin was associated with level 2 TAR (glucose concentration >13·9 mmol/L) and dysglycaemia. During a median follow-up of 28·0 months (IQR 25·3–30·4), increased level 2 TAR was predictive of mortality explainable by frailty in the absence of detectable interaction. Each 1% increment of level 2 TAR was associated with 1·9% increase in mortality hazard. Interpretation: In older adults with type 2 diabetes who are on insulin therapy, incremental frailty was associated with increased dysglycaemia and hyperglycaemia rather than hypoglycaemia. Mortality hazard was increased with severe hyperglycaemia. Future clinical studies and trials targeting actionable CGM metrics highlighted in this study could translate into improved care and outcomes. Funding: Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
- Published
- 2021
42. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
- Author
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Zhou, B, Carrillo-Larco, Rm, Danaei, G, Riley, Lm, Paciorek, Cj, Stevens, Ga, Gregg, Ew, Bennett, Je, Solomon, B, Singleton, Rk, Sophiea, Mk, Iurilli, Mlc, Lhoste, Vpf, Cowan, Mj, Savin, S, Woodward, M, Balanova, Y, Cifkova, R, Damasceno, A, Elliott, P, Farzadfar, F, He, J, Ikeda, N, Kengne, Ap, Khang, Yh, Kim, Hc, Laxmaiah, A, Lin, Hh, Maira, Pm, Miranda, Jj, Neuhauser, H, Sundstrom, J, Varghese, C, Widyahening, Is, Zdrojewski, T, Ezzati, M, Abarca-Gomez, L, Abdeen, Za, Rahim, Hfa, Abu-Rmeileh, Nm, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, Rj, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Afzal, S, Agdeppa, Ia, Aghazadeh-Attari, J, Aguilar-Salinas, Ca, Agyemang, C, Ahmad, Na, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, N, Ahmadizar, F, Ahmed, Sh, Ahrens, W, Ajlouni, K, Al-Raddadi, R, Alarouj, M, Albuhairan, F, Aldhukair, S, Ali, Mm, Alkandari, A, Alkerwi, A, Allin, K, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, Dn, Amougou, N, Amouyel, P, Andersen, Lb, Anderssen, Sa, Anjana, Rm, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araujo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arku, Re, Arlappa, N, Aryal, Kk, Aspelund, T, Assah, Fk, Assuncao, Mcf, Auvinen, J, Avdicova, M, Azevedo, A, Azimi-Nezhad, M, Azizi, F, Azmin, M, Babu, Bv, Bahijri, S, Balakrishna, N, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Banadinovic, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas, Jr, Baran, J, Barbagallo, Cm, Barcelo, A, Barkat, A, Barreto, M, Barros, Ajd, Barros, Mvg, Bartosiewicz, A, Basit, A, Bastos, Jld, Bata, I, Batieha, Am, Batyrbek, A, Baur, La, Beaglehole, R, Belavendra, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Benet, M, Benson, Ls, Berkinbayev, S, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bettiol, H, Bezerra, J, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bhargava, Sk, Bia, D, Biasch, K, Lele, Ecb, Bikbov, Mm, Bista, B, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertness, E, Bjertness, Mb, Bjorkelund, C, Bloch, Kv, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boeing, H, Boggia, Jg, Boissonnet, Cp, Bojesen, Se, Bongard, V, Bonilla-Vargas, A, Bopp, M, Borghs, H, Bovet, P, Boyer, Cb, Braeckman, L, Brajkovich, I, Branca, F, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, Lm, Briceno, Y, Brito, M, Bruno, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Hb, Bueno, G, Bugge, A, Burns, C, Bursztyn, M, de Leon, Ac, Cacciottolo, J, Cameron, C, Can, G, Candido, Apc, Capanzana, Mv, Capkova, N, Capuano, E, Capuano, V, Cardoso, Vc, Carlsson, Ac, Carvalho, J, Casanueva, Ff, Censi, L, Cervantes-Loaiza, M, Chadjigeorgiou, Ca, Chamukuttan, S, Chan, Aw, Chan, Q, Chaturvedi, Hk, Chaturvedi, N, Chee, Ml, Chen, Cj, Chen, Ff, Chen, Hs, Chen, Sh, Chen, Zm, Cheng, Cy, Cheraghian, B, Dekkaki, Ic, Chetrit, A, Chien, Kl, Chiolero, A, Chiou, St, Chirita-Emandi, A, Chirlaque, Md, Cho, B, Christensen, K, Christofaro, Dg, Chudek, J, Cinteza, E, Claessens, F, Clarke, J, Clays, E, Cohen, E, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Coppinger, Tc, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Craig, Cl, Crampin, Ac, Crujeiras, Ab, Cruz, Jj, Csilla, S, Cui, Lf, Cureau, Fv, Cuschieri, S, D'Arrigo, G, D'Orsi, E, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dantoft, Tm, Dauchet, L, Davletov, K, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, De Curtis, A, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, de Oliveira, Pd, De Ridder, D, De Smedt, D, Deepa, M, Deev, Ad, Degennaro, V, Delisle, H, Demarest, S, Dennison, E, Deschamps, V, Dhimal, M, Di Castelnuovo, Af, Dias-da-Costa, Js, Diaz, A, Dickerson, Tt, Dika, Z, Djalalinia, S, Htp, Do, Dobson, Aj, Donfrancesco, C, Donoso, Sp, Doring, A, Dorobantu, M, Dorr, M, Doua, K, Dragano, N, Drygas, W, Duante, Ca, Duboz, P, Duda, Rb, Dulskiene, V, Dushpanova, A, Dzakula, A, Dzerve, V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Eddie, R, Eftekhar, E, Eggertsen, R, Eghtesad, S, Eiben, G, Ekelund, U, El-Khateeb, M, El Ati, J, Eldemire-Shearer, D, Eliasen, M, Elosua, R, Erasmus, Rt, Erbel, R, Erem, C, Eriksen, L, Eriksson, Jg, Escobedo-de la Pena, J, Eslami, S, Esmaeili, A, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Fakhretdinova, Aa, Fall, Ch, Faramarzi, E, Farjam, M, Fattahi, Mr, Fawwad, A, Felix-Redondo, Fj, Felix, Sb, Ferguson, Ts, Fernandes, Ra, Fernandez-Berges, D, Ferrante, D, Ferrao, T, Ferrari, M, Ferrario, Mm, Ferreccio, C, Ferreira, Hs, Ferrer, E, Ferrieres, J, Figueiro, Th, Fink, G, Fischer, K, Foo, Lh, Forsner, M, Fouad, Hm, Francis, Dk, Grego, Franco, Frikke-Schmidt, R, Frontera, G, Fuchs, Fd, Fuchs, Sc, Fujita, Y, Fumihiko, M, Furdela, V, Furer, A, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Galbarczyk, A, Galenkamp, H, Galvano, F, Gao, Jl, Gao, P, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, Garcia, P, Gareta, D, Garnett, Sp, Gaspoz, Jm, Gasull, M, Gazzinelli, A, Gehring, U, Geleijnse, Jm, George, R, Ghanbari, A, Ghasemi, E, Gheorghe-Fronea, Of, Ghimire, A, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gieger, C, Gill, Tk, Giovannelli, J, Gironella, G, Giwercman, A, Gkiouras, K, Goldberg, M, Goldsmith, Ra, Gomez, Lf, Gomula, A, da Silva, Bgc, Goncalves, H, Goncalves, M, Gonzalez-Chica, Da, Gonzalez-Gross, M, Gonzalez-Rivas, Jp, Gonzalez-Villalpando, C, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Me, Gonzalez, Ar, Gorbea, Mb, Gottrand, F, Graff-Iversen, S, Grafnetter, D, Grajda, A, Grammatikopoulou, Mg, Gregor, Rd, Grodzicki, T, Grosso, G, Gruden, G, Df, Gu, Guan, Op, Gudmundsson, Ef, Gudnason, V, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, Al, Gulliford, Mc, Gunnlaugsdottir, J, Gunter, Mj, Gupta, Pc, Gupta, R, Gureje, O, Gurzkowska, B, Gutierrez, L, Gutzwiller, F, Ha, S, Hadaegh, F, Haghshenas, R, Hakimi, H, Halkjaer, J, Hambleton, Ir, Hamzeh, B, Hange, D, Hanif, Aam, Hantunen, S, Hao, J, Hardman, Cm, Kumar, Rh, Hashemi-Shahri, Sm, Hata, J, Haugsgjerd, T, Hayes, Aj, Yn, He, Heier, M, Hendriks, Me, Henrique, Rd, Henriques, A, Cadena, Lh, Herrala, S, Heshmat, R, Hill, Ag, Sy, Ho, Sc, Ho, Hobbs, M, Holdsworth, M, Homayounfar, R, Dinc, Gh, Horimoto, Arvr, Hormiga, Cm, Horta, Bl, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, Tt, Htet, As, Htike, Mmt, Yh, Hu, Huerta, Jm, Huhtaniemi, It, Huiart, L, Huisman, M, Husseini, As, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, Ag, Ibrahim, Mm, Wong, Ni, Ikram, Ma, Iotova, V, Irazola, Ve, Ishida, T, Isiguzo, Gc, Islam, M, Islam, Sms, Iwasaki, M, Jackson, Rt, Jacobs, Jm, Jaddou, Hy, Jafar, T, James, K, Jamrozik, K, Janszky, I, Janus, E, Jarvelin, Mr, Jasienska, G, Jelakovic, A, Jelakovic, B, Jennings, G, Jha, Ak, Jiang, Cq, Jimenez, Ro, Jockel, Kh, Joffres, M, Johansson, M, Jokelainen, Jj, Jonas, Jb, Jorgensen, T, Joshi, P, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Juolevi, A, Jurak, G, Juresa, V, Kaaks, R, Kafatos, A, Kajantie, Eo, Kalmatayeva, Z, Kalpourtzi, N, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kampmann, Fb, Kannan, S, Karaglani, E, Karhus, Ll, Karki, Kb, Katibeh, M, Katz, J, Kauhanen, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kazakbaeva, Gm, Keil, U, Boker, Lk, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kemper, Hcg, Keramati, M, Kerimkulova, A, Kersting, M, Key, T, Khader, Ys, Khalili, D, Khaw, Kt, Kheiri, B, Kheradmand, M, Khosravi, A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U, Kiechl, S, Killewo, J, Kim, Dw, Kim, J, Klakk, H, Klimek, M, Klumbiene, J, Knoflach, M, Kolle, E, Kolsteren, P, Kontto, Jp, Korpelainen, R, Korrovits, P, Kos, J, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Kowlessur, S, Koziel, S, Kratenova, J, Kriaucioniene, V, Kristensen, Pl, Krokstad, S, Kromhout, D, Kruger, Hs, Kubinova, R, Kuciene, R, Kujala, Um, Kulaga, Z, Kumar, Rk, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Ys, Kutsenko, V, Kuulasmaa, K, Kyobutungi, C, Laatikainen, T, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, Th, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Larijani, B, Latt, Ts, Le Coroller, G, Bao, Kln, Le, THUY DUNG, Lee, J, Lehmann, N, Lehtimaki, T, Lemogoum, D, Levitt, Ns, Yp, Li, Lilly, Cl, Lim, Wy, Lima-Costa, Mf, Lin, X, Lin, Yt, Lind, L, Lingam, V, Linneberg, A, Lissner, L, Litwin, M, Wc, Lo, Loit, Hm, Lopez-Garcia, E, Lopez, T, Lotufo, Pa, Lozano, Je, Lovrencic, Il, Lukrafka, Jl, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lundqvist, R, Lunet, N, Lustigova, M, Luszczki, E, Gs, Ma, Ma, J, Machado-Coelho, Gll, Machado-Rodrigues, Am, Macia, E, Macieira, Lm, Madar, Aa, Maggi, S, Magliano, Dj, Magriplis, E, Mahasampath, G, Maire, B, Majer, M, Makdisse, M, Malekzadeh, F, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Mallikharjuna, K, Malyutina, Sk, Maniego, Lv, Manios, Y, Mann, Ji, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Manzato, E, Marcil, A, Margozzini, P, Marild, Sb, Glavic, Mm, Marques-Vidal, P, Marques, Lp, Marrugat, J, Martorell, R, Mascarenhas, Lp, Matasin, M, Mathiesen, Eb, Mathur, P, Matijasevich, A, Matlosz, P, Matsha, Te, Mavrogianni, C, Mbanya, Jcn, Posso, Ajm, Mcfarlane, Sr, Mcgarvey, St, Mclachlan, S, Mclean, Rm, Mclean, Sb, Mcnulty, Ba, Benchekor, Sm, Medzioniene, J, Mehdipour, P, Mehlig, K, Mehrparvar, Ah, Meirhaeghe, A, Meisinger, C, Montano, Cm, Menezes, Amb, Menon, Gr, Mereke, A, Meshram, Ii, Metspalu, A, Meyer, He, Mi, J, Michels, N, Mikkel, K, Milkowska, K, Miller, Jc, Minderico, Cs, Mini, Gk, Mirjalili, Mr, Mirrakhimov, E, Misigoj-Durakovic, M, Modesti, Pa, Moghaddam, Ss, Mohajer, B, Mohamed, Mk, Mohamed, Sf, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, Mr, Mohammadi, Z, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Yusoff, Mfm, Mohebbi, I, Mohebi, F, Moitry, M, Mollehave, Lt, Molnar, D, Momenan, A, Mondo, Ck, Monterrubio-Flores, E, Monyeki, Kdk, Moon, Js, Moosazadeh, M, Moreira, Lb, Morejon, A, Moreno, La, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafavi, Sa, Mota, J, Motlagh, Me, Motta, J, Moura-dos-Santos, Ma, Mridha, Mk, Msyamboza, Kp, Tt, Mu, Muhihi, Aj, Muiesan, Ml, Muller-Nurasyid, M, Murphy, N, Mursu, J, Musa, Ki, Milanovic, Sm, Musil, V, Mustafa, N, Nabipour, I, Naderimagham, S, Nagel, G, Naidu, Bm, Najafi, F, Nakamura, H, Namesna, J, Nang, Eek, Nangia, Vb, Narake, S, Ndiaye, Nc, Neal, Wa, Nejatizadeh, A, Nenko, I, Neovius, M, Neuhauser, Hk, Nguyen, Ct, Nguyen, Nd, Nguyen, Qv, Nguyen, Qn, Nieto-Martinez, Re, Niiranen, Tj, Nikitin, Yp, Ninomiya, T, Nishtar, S, Njelekela, Ma, Noale, M, Noboa, Oa, Noorbala, Aa, Norat, T, Nordendahl, M, Nordestgaard, Bg, Noto, D, Nowak-Szczepanska, N, Al Nsour, M, Nunes, B, O'Neill, Tw, O'Reilly, D, Ochimana, C, Oda, E, Odili, An, Oh, K, Ohara, K, Ohtsuka, R, Olie, V, Olinto, Mta, Oliveira, Io, Omar, Ma, Onat, A, Ong, Sk, Ono, Lm, Ordunez, P, Ornelas, R, Ortiz, Pj, Osmond, C, Ostojic, Sm, Ostovar, A, Otero, Ja, Overvad, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Paccaud, Fm, Padez, C, Pahomova, E, de Paiva, Km, Pajak, A, Palli, D, Palmieri, L, Pan, Wh, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Paoli, M, Papandreou, D, Park, Sw, Park, S, 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Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Han Cg Kemper, Maryam Keramati, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Kay-Tee Khaw, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Dong Wook Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Heidi Klakk, Magdalena Klimek, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jukka P Kontto, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Jana Kratenova, Vilma Kriaucioniene, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steiner Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Urho M Kujala, Zbigniew Kulaga, R Krishna Kumar, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S Kusuma, Vladimir Kutsenko, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Tint Swe Latt, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Naomi S Levitt, Yanping Li, Christa L Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M Fernanda Lima-Costa, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Lars Lind, Vijaya Lingam, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Wei-Cheng Lo, Helle-Mai Loit, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, Paulo A Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Iva Lukačević Lovrenčić, Janice L Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Michala Lustigová, Edyta Luszczki, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George Ll Machado-Coelho, Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues, Enguerran Macia, Luisa M Macieira, Ahmed A Madar, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia K Malyutina, Lynell V Maniego, Yannis Manios, Jim I Mann, Fariborz 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D. A., Peres, Marco A., Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Son Thai Pham, Pichardo, Rafael N., Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N., Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Poudyal, Anil, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J., Price, Jacqueline F., Providencia, Rui, Puhakka, Soile E., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Queiroz, Daniel, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina M., Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A., Rarra, Vayia, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Regecova, Valeria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L., Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Rusakova, Iuliia A., Russo, Paola, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sabbaghi, Hamideh, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saidi, Olfa, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Santos, Lelita C., Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D., Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schnohr, Peter, Schoettker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sebert, Sylvain, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servais, Jennifer, Shalnova, Svetlana A., Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. 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Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Andrew, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Wyszynska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Elisa Zapata, Maria, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Zoghlami, Nada, Zuniga Cisneros, Julio., School of Medicine, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Global Health, Pulmonology, Medical Informatics, Adult Psychiatry, Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Methodology, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Anesthesiology, Graduate School, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias
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Male ,Latin Americans ,Nutrition and Disease ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Medizin ,BLOOD-PRESSURE ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants ,Hypertension ,Prevalence ,Control ,Tretament ,GUIDELINES ,Global Health ,Worldwide trends ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hypertension prevalence ,Voeding en Ziekte ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,kohonnut verenpaine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prevention and Control ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,education.field_of_study ,food and beverages ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Noncommunicable diseases ,Period prevalence ,Middle Aged ,kansainvälinen vertailu ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,MIDDLE-INCOME ,Pooled analysis ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,INCOME COUNTRIES ,ADULTS ,PREVENTION ,MANAGEMENT ,ADHERENCE ,DIAGNOSIS ,Western europe ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Hypertension/diagnosis ,NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) ,Female ,B990 Subjects Allied to Medicine not elsewhere classified ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Adult ,health-care ,esiintyvyys ,Central asia ,Population ,Nursing ,3121 Internal medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,Drug Therapy ,General & Internal Medicine ,Life Science ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,education ,Antihypertensive Agents ,VLAG ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ,business.industry ,Omvårdnad ,fungi ,General and internal medicine ,Estados de Saúde e de Doença ,Taking medication ,Treatment ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Blood pressure ,Faculdade de Ciências Sociais ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,lääkehoito ,1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background: hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods: we used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings: the number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings., British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Grant; World Health Organization (WHO); Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Fellowship
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- 2021
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43. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight
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Tolonen, H.K. Tolstrup, J.S. Topbas, M. Topór-Madry, R. Torheim, L.E. Tormo, M.J. Tornaritis, M.J. Torrent, M. Torres-Collado, L. Toselli, S. Touloumi, G. Traissac, P. Tran, T.T.-H. Trichopoulos, D. Trichopoulou, A. Trinh, D.T.H. Trivedi, A. Tshepo, L. Tsigga, M. Tsugane, S. Tuliakova, A.M. Tulloch-Reid, M.K. Tullu, F. Tuomainen, T.-P. Tuomilehto, J. Turley, M.L. Twig, G. Tynelius, P. Tzotzas, T. Tzourio, C. Ueda, P. Ugel, E. Ukoli, F.A.M. Ulmer, H. Unal, B. Usupova, Z. Uusitalo, H.M.T. Uysal, N. Vaitkeviciute, J. Valdivia, G. Vale, S. Valvi, D. van Dam, R.M. Van der Heyden, J. van der Schouw, Y.T. Van Herck, K. Van Minh, H. Van Schoor, N.M. van Valkengoed, I.G.M. Vanderschueren, D. Vanuzzo, D. Varbo, A. Varela-Moreiras, G. Varona-Pérez, P. Vasan, S.K. Vega, T. Veidebaum, T. Velasquez-Melendez, G. Velika, B. Veronesi, G. Verschuren, W.M.M. Victora, C.G. Viegi, G. Viet, L. Villalpando, S. Vineis, P. Vioque, J. Virtanen, J.K. Visser, M. Visvikis-Siest, S. Viswanathan, B. Vladulescu, M. Vlasoff, T. Vocanec, D. Vollenweider, P. Völzke, H. Voutilainen, A. Voutilainen, S. Vrijheid, M. Vrijkotte, T.G.M. Wade, A.N. Wagner, A. Waldhör, T. Walton, J. Wambiya, E.O.A. Bebakar, A.M.W. Mohamud, W.N.W. de Souza Wanderley Júnior, R. Wang, M.-D. Wang, N. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, Y.X. Wang, Y.-W. Wannamethee, S.G. Wareham, N. Weber, A. Wedderkopp, N. Weerasekera, D. Weghuber, D. Wei, W. Weres, A. Werner, B. Whincup, P.H. Widhalm, K. Widyahening, I.S. Wiecek, A. Wilks, R.J. Willeit, J. Willeit, P. Williams, J. Wilsgaard, T. Wojtyniak, B. Wong-McClure, R.A. Wong, A. Wong, J.E. Wong, T.Y. Woo, J. Woodward, M. Wu, F.C. Wu, J. Wu, L.J. Wu, S. Xu, H. Xu, L. Yaacob, N.A. Yamborisut, U. Yan, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yardim, N. Yaseri, M. Yasuharu, T. Ye, X. Yiallouros, P.K. Yoosefi, M. Yoshihara, A. You, Q.S. You, S.-L. Younger-Coleman, N.O. Yusof, S.M. Yusoff, A.F. Zaccagni, L. Zafiropulos, V. Zainuddin, A.A. Zakavi, S.R. Zamani, F. Zambon, S. Zampelas, A. Zamrazilová, H. Zapata, M.E. Zargar, A.H. Zaw, K.K. Zdrojewski, T. Zejglicova, K. Vrkic, T.Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, Z.-Y. Zhao, D. Zhao, M.-H. Zhao, W. Zhen, S. Zheng, W. Zheng, Y. Zholdin, B. Zhou, M. Zhu, D. Zins, M. Zitt, E. Zocalo, Y. Cisneros, J.Z. Zuziak, M. Ezzati, M. Filippi, S. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
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nutritional and metabolic diseases ,sense organs ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright.
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- 2021
44. Urinary metabolic phenotype of blood pressure
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Posma, J.M., Stamler, J., Garcia-Perez, I., Chan, Q., Wijeyesekera, A., Daviglus, M., Van Horn, L., Holmes, E., Nicholson, J., Elliott, P., Posma, J.M., Stamler, J., Garcia-Perez, I., Chan, Q., Wijeyesekera, A., Daviglus, M., Van Horn, L., Holmes, E., Nicholson, J., and Elliott, P.
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Objective: Metabolic phenotyping (metabolomics) captures systems-level information on metabolic processes by simultaneously measuring hundreds of metabolites using spectroscopic techniques. Concentrations of these metabolites are affected by genetic (host, microbiome), environmental and dietary factors and may provide insights into biochemical pathways underlying raised blood pressure (BP) in populations. Design and method: Two separate, timed 24hr urine specimens were obtained from 2,031 women and men, aged 40–59, from 8 USA population samples in the INTERMAP Study. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) was used to characterize a urinary metabolic signature; this was unaffected by diurnal variability and sampling time as it captures end-products of metabolism over a 24hr period. Demographic, population, medical, lifestyle and anthropometric factors were accounted for in regression models to define a urinary metabolic phenotype associated with BP. Results: 29 structurally identified urinary metabolites covaried with systolic BP (SBP), after adjustment for demographic variables, and 18 metabolites with diastolic BP (DBP), with 16 metabolites overlapping between SBP and DBP. These included metabolites related to energy metabolism, renal function, diet and gut microbiota. After adjustment for medical and lifestyle covariates, 22/14 metabolites remained associated with SBP/DBP. Joint covariate-metabolite penalized regression models identified Body Mass Index, age and family history as most important contributors, with 14 metabolites, including gut microbial co-metabolites, also included in the model. Metabolites were mapped in a symbiotic metabolic reaction network, that includes reactions mediated by 3,344 commensal gut microbial species, to highlight affected pathways (Figure). Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide association studies on cardiometabolic risk factors were mapped to genes in this network. This revealed multiple subnetw
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- 2021
45. Outcomes for emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19: An analysis of the Australian experience in 2020 (COVED-5)
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O'Reilly, GM, Mitchell, RD, Mitra, B, Akhlaghi, H, Tran, V, Furyk, Jeremy, Buntine, P, Wong, A, Gangathimmaiah, V, Knott, J, Moore, A, Ahn, JR, Chan, Q, Wang, A, Goh, H, Loughman, A, Lowry, N, Hackett, L, Sri-Ganeshan, M, Chapman, N, Raos, M, Noonan, MP, Smit, DV, Cameron, PA, O'Reilly, GM, Mitchell, RD, Mitra, B, Akhlaghi, H, Tran, V, Furyk, Jeremy, Buntine, P, Wong, A, Gangathimmaiah, V, Knott, J, Moore, A, Ahn, JR, Chan, Q, Wang, A, Goh, H, Loughman, A, Lowry, N, Hackett, L, Sri-Ganeshan, M, Chapman, N, Raos, M, Noonan, MP, Smit, DV, and Cameron, PA
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- 2021
46. Author Correction: Nutriome–metabolome relationships provide insights into dietary intake and metabolism
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Posma, J.M., Garcia-Perez, I., Frost, G., Aljuraiban, G.S., Chan, Q., Van Horn, L., Daviglus, M., Stamler, J., Holmes, E., Elliott, P., Nicholson, J.K., Posma, J.M., Garcia-Perez, I., Frost, G., Aljuraiban, G.S., Chan, Q., Van Horn, L., Daviglus, M., Stamler, J., Holmes, E., Elliott, P., and Nicholson, J.K.
- Abstract
Correction to: Nature Food https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0093-y, published online 22 June 2020.
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- 2021
47. Outcomes for emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19: An analysis of the Australian experience in 2020 (COVED-5).
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O'Reilly G.M., Mitchell R.D., Mitra B., Akhlaghi H., Tran V., Furyk J., Buntine P., Wong A., Gangathimmaiah V., Knott J., Moore A., Ahn J., Chan Q., Wang A., Goh H., Loughman A., Lowry N., Hackett L., Sri-Ganeshan M., Chapman N., Raos M., Noonan M.P., Smit D., Cameron P.A., O'Reilly G.M., Mitchell R.D., Mitra B., Akhlaghi H., Tran V., Furyk J., Buntine P., Wong A., Gangathimmaiah V., Knott J., Moore A., Ahn J., Chan Q., Wang A., Goh H., Loughman A., Lowry N., Hackett L., Sri-Ganeshan M., Chapman N., Raos M., Noonan M.P., Smit D., and Cameron P.A.
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients presenting to Australian emergency departments (EDs) with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 during 2020, and to determine the predictors of in-hospital death for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. METHOD(S): This analysis from the COVED Project presents data from twelve sites across four Australian states for the period from 1 April to 30 November 2020. All adult patients who met local criteria for suspected COVID-19 and underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the ED were eligible for inclusion. Study outcomes were mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. RESULT(S): Among 24,405 eligible ED presentations over the whole study period, 423 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. During the "second wave" from 1 July to 30 September 2020, 26 (6%) of 406 SARS-CoV-2 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation, compared to 175 (2%) of the 9,024 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients (OR 3.5; 95% CI: 2.3-5.2, p<0.001), and 41 (10%) SARS-CoV-2 positive patients died in hospital compared to 312 (3%) SARS-CoV-2 negative patients (OR 3.2; 95% CI: 2.2-4.4, p=0.001). For SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, the strongest independent predictors of hospital death were age (OR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.1-1.1, p<0.001), higher triage category (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.3-9.4, p=0.012), obesity (OR 4.2; 95% CI: 1.2-14.3, p=0.024) and receiving immunosuppressive treatment (OR 8.2; 95% CI: 1.8-36.7, p=0.006). CONCLUSION(S): ED patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had higher odds of mechanical ventilation and death in hospital. The strongest predictors of death were age, a higher triage category, obesity and receiving immunosuppressive treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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- 2021
48. Flow seeding with elemental metal species via an optical method
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Medwell, P. R., Chan, Q. N., Dally, B. B., Alwahabi, Z. T., Mahmoud, S., Metha, G. F., and Nathan, G. J.
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- 2012
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49. Assessment of interferences to nonlinear two-line atomic fluorescence (NTLAF) in sooty flames
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Chan, Q. N., Medwell, P. R., Alwahabi, Z. T., Dally, B. B., and Nathan, G. J.
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- 2011
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50. Minichromosome maintenance proteins 2, 3 and 7 in medulloblastoma: overexpression and involvement in regulation of cell migration and invasion
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Lau, K-M, Chan, Q K Y, Pang, J C S, Li, K K W, Yeung, W W, Chung, N Y F, Lui, P C, Tam, Y-S, Li, H-M, Zhou, L, Wang, Y, Mao, Y, and Ng, H-K
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- 2010
- Full Text
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