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Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The GO enrichment analysis based on between comparisons of PCa/TFC and CRPC/PCa. Fig. S2. Bar graphs summarize the quantification of APOE levels in each group and ROC curve analysis (A) Untargeted proteomics exhibited the relative quantification of APOE. (B) PRM Validation of APOE by independent cohort TFC=21, PCa=15 and CRPC=12. (C) ROC curve showed the overall performance of the classifier. (D-E) Correlation analysis of APOE as well as metabolites.

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures S1-S5 and Supplementary Tables S1 and S2.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table S1. Oligos used in the study.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. The expression and function of hsa_circ_0003258 in PCa. (A). The heatmap showing some of the differentially expressed circRNAs between normal and prostate cancer patient plasma samples. (B). The representative images of FISH analysis of hsa_circ_0003258 in normal and PCa tissues. (C). The protein coding potential of hsa_circ_0003258. (D). The melting curve of hsa_circ_0003258 amplified product using the divergent primers. (E-H). Transwell assay detecting the migratory capacity of PCa cells after transfecting with siRNAs or vector plasmid. (I-J). Colony formation assays and CCK8 assays were utilized to evaluate the proliferation of PCa cells after knockdown of hsa_circ_0003258 in DU145 and C4���2 cells. ns: Not Significant. Supplementary Figure 2. Hsa_circ_0003258/ miR-653-5p/Arhgap5 pathway in C4-2. (A). The heatmap of differentially expressed mRNAs in DU145/sh-nc and DU145/sh- hsa_circ_0003258 cells. Each sample was mixed in three replicates. (B). Transwell assay detecting the migratory capacity of PCa cells after SCH772984 treatment for 48 h in DU145 Lv- hsa_circ_0003258 cells. (C). The potential binding miRNAs predicted by CircInteractome database. (D). Lysates from C4���2 cells was subjected to biotinylated-hsa_circ_0003258 pull-down assay and the expression levels of hsa_circ_0003258 were measured by qRT-PCR. (E). The expression levels of the top three candidate miRNAs predicted by Circinteractome database quantified by qRT-PCR after biotinylated-hsa_circ_00032583 pull-down assay in C4���2 cells. (F). The relative expression of hsa_circ_0003258 detected by qRT-PCR after the transfection of miR-653-5p mimic or inhibitor. (G-H). The qRT-PCR and Western blot showing the ARHGAP5 mRNA and protein level change of the predicated targets after silencing or overexpression of hsa_circ_0003258. (I-J). The qRT-PCR and Western blot showing the ARHGAP5 mRNA and protein level change of the predicated targets after silencing or overexpression of miR-653-5p. ns: Not Significant; * P

Background: The prognostic value of chromogranin-A (CHGA) as a biomarker of prostate cancer (PCa) has been evaluated extensively. However, to date the results still remain controversial. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis on previous studies in order to determine whether CHGA would be a biomarker for survival in PCa patients. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify eligible studies published before September 2018, regarding the association of CHGA gene expression with survival outcomes in patients with PCa. Multivariate adjusted HRs and associated 95% CIs were calculated using random effects models. Results: Ten cohort studies involving 3,172 patients were finally included. According to the included studies, circulating CHGA levels were tested in serum, plasma, and tissues. The results showed an association between high CHGA expression and worse overall survival (OS) (HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.07–1.44; P=0.004; I2=77.6%) in PCa patients. However, no significant association was observed between increasing CHGA expression and shorter progression-free survival (HR=1.73, 95% CI: 0.92–3.28; P=0.090; I2=73.9%). The results of sensitivity analysis validated the rationality and reliability of our analysis. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that high CHGA expression is a potential marker for poor OS in PCa. Future studies are needed to explore tailored treatments that directly target CHGA for the improvement of survival in men with PCa.