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171 results on '"Champagnon, Jocelyn"'

3. Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents

Author

Assandri, Giacomo, Bazzi, Gaia, Bermejo-Bermejo, Ana, Bounas, Anastasios, Calvario, Enrico, Catoni, Carlo, Catry, Inês, Catry, Teresa, Champagnon, Jocelyn, De Pascalis, Federico, de la Puente, Javier, del Moral, Juan Carlos, Duriez, Olivier, Evangelidis, Angelos, Gameiro, João, García-Silveira, Daniel, Garcés-Toledano, Fernando, Jiguet, Frédéric, Kordopatis, Panagiotis, Lopez-Ricaurte, Lina, Martínez, Juan, Mascara, Rosario, Mellone, Ugo, Molina, Blas, Morinay, Jennifer, Pilard, Philippe, Ramellini, Samuele, Rodríguez-Moreno, Beatriz, Romero, Marta, Sarà, Maurizio, Saulnier, Nicolas, Tsiopelas, Nikos, Urios, Vicente, Morganti, Michelangelo, Rubolini, Diego, and Cecere, Jacopo G.

Published
2024
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8. The future for Mediterranean wetlands: 50 key issues and 50 important conservation research questions

Author

Taylor, Nigel G., Grillas, Patrick, Al Hreisha, Hazem, Balkız, Özge, Borie, Maud, Boutron, Olivier, Catita, Ana, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Cherif, Semia, Çiçek, Kerim, Costa, Luís T., Dakki, Mohamed, Fois, Mauro, Galewski, Thomas, Galli, Alessandro, Georgiadis, Nicholas M., Green, Andy J., Hermoso, Virgilio, Kapedani, Rezart, Lange, Manfred A., Mateljak, Zoran, Osta, Maher, Papastergiadou, Eva, Papazoglou, Clairie, Sabater, Sergi, Samraoui, Boudjéma, Samraoui, Farrah, Bachir, Abdelkrim Si, Tankovic, Eva, Thévenet, Mathieu, Troya, Antonio, and Sutherland, William J.

Published
2021
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9. Planning from scratch: A new modelling approach for designing protected areas in remote, data‐poor regions

Author

Ducros, Delphine, primary, Devillers, Rodolphe, additional, Messager, Antoine, additional, Suet, Marie, additional, Wachoum, Abakar Saleh, additional, Deschamps, Clémence, additional, Breme, Babakar Matar, additional, Petersen, Ib Krag, additional, Kayser, Yves, additional, Vincent‐Martin, Nicolas, additional, Djimasngar, M’Baïti Narcisse, additional, Portier, Bruno, additional, Champagnon, Jocelyn, additional, Mondain‐Monval, Jean‐Yves, additional, and Defos du Rau, Pierre, additional

Published
2023
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14. Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa

Author

Gauld, Jethro G., Silva, João P., Atkinson, Philip W., Record, Paul, Acácio, Marta, Arkumarev, Volen, Blas, Julio, Bouten, Willem, Burton, Niall, Catry, Inês, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Clewley, Gary D., Dagys, Mindaugas, Duriez, Olivier, Exo, Klaus Michael, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Flack, Andrea, Friedemann, Guilad, Fritz, Johannes, Garcia-Ripolles, Clara, Garthe, Stefan, Giunchi, Dimitri, Grozdanov, Atanas, Harel, Roi, Humphreys, Elizabeth M., Janssen, René, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kulikova, Olga, Lameris, Thomas K., López-López, Pascual, Masden, Elizabeth A., Monti, Flavio, Nathan, Ran, Nikolov, Stoyan, Oppel, Steffen, Peshev, Hristo, Phipps, Louis, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Ross-Smith, Viola H., Saravia, Victoria, Scragg, Emily S., Sforzi, Andrea, Stoynov, Emilian, Thaxter, Chris, Van Steelant, Wouter, van Toor, Mariëlle, Vorneweg, Bernd, Waldenström, Jonas, Wikelski, Martin, Žydelis, Ramūnas, Franco, Aldina M.A., Gauld, Jethro G., Silva, João P., Atkinson, Philip W., Record, Paul, Acácio, Marta, Arkumarev, Volen, Blas, Julio, Bouten, Willem, Burton, Niall, Catry, Inês, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Clewley, Gary D., Dagys, Mindaugas, Duriez, Olivier, Exo, Klaus Michael, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Flack, Andrea, Friedemann, Guilad, Fritz, Johannes, Garcia-Ripolles, Clara, Garthe, Stefan, Giunchi, Dimitri, Grozdanov, Atanas, Harel, Roi, Humphreys, Elizabeth M., Janssen, René, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kulikova, Olga, Lameris, Thomas K., López-López, Pascual, Masden, Elizabeth A., Monti, Flavio, Nathan, Ran, Nikolov, Stoyan, Oppel, Steffen, Peshev, Hristo, Phipps, Louis, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Ross-Smith, Viola H., Saravia, Victoria, Scragg, Emily S., Sforzi, Andrea, Stoynov, Emilian, Thaxter, Chris, Van Steelant, Wouter, van Toor, Mariëlle, Vorneweg, Bernd, Waldenström, Jonas, Wikelski, Martin, Žydelis, Ramūnas, and Franco, Aldina M.A.

Abstract

Wind turbines and power lines can cause bird mortality due to collision or electrocution. The biodiversity impacts of energy infrastructure (EI) can be minimised through effective landscape-scale planning and mitigation. The identification of high-vulnerability areas is urgently needed to assess potential cumulative impacts of EI while supporting the transition to zero carbon energy. We collected GPS location data from 1,454 birds from 27 species susceptible to collision within Europe and North Africa and identified areas where tracked birds are most at risk of colliding with existing EI. Sensitivity to EI development was estimated for wind turbines and power lines by calculating the proportion of GPS flight locations at heights where birds were at risk of collision and accounting for species' specific susceptibility to collision. We mapped the maximum collision sensitivity value obtained across all species, in each 5 × 5 km grid cell, across Europe and North Africa. Vulnerability to collision was obtained by overlaying the sensitivity surfaces with density of wind turbines and transmission power lines. Results: Exposure to risk varied across the 27 species, with some species flying consistently at heights where they risk collision. For areas with sufficient tracking data within Europe and North Africa, 13.6% of the area was classified as high sensitivity to wind turbines and 9.4% was classified as high sensitivity to transmission power lines. Sensitive areas were concentrated within important migratory corridors and along coastlines. Hotspots of vulnerability to collision with wind turbines and transmission power lines (2018 data) were scattered across the study region with highest concentrations occurring in central Europe, near the strait of Gibraltar and the Bosporus in Turkey. Synthesis and applications. We identify the areas of Europe and North Africa that are most sensitive for the specific populations of birds for which sufficient GPS tracking data at hig

Published
2022

15. Is hunting nonintentionally selective? A test using game bird capture-dead recoveries

Author

Grzegorczyk, Emilienne, Bezier, Lea, Le-rest, Kevin, Caizergues, Alain, Francesiaz, Charlotte, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Eraud, Cyril, Grzegorczyk, Emilienne, Bezier, Lea, Le-rest, Kevin, Caizergues, Alain, Francesiaz, Charlotte, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, and Eraud, Cyril

Abstract

Selective hunting has various impacts that need to be considered for the conservation and management of harvested populations. The consequences of selective harvest have mostly been studied in trophy hunting and fishing, where selection of specific phenotypes is intentional. Recent studies, however, show that selection can also occur unintentionally. With at least 52 million birds harvested each year in Europe, it is particularly relevant to evaluate the selectivity of hunting on this taxon. Here, we considered 211,806 individuals belonging to 7 hunted bird species to study unintentional selectivity in harvest. Using linear mixed models, we compared morphological traits (mass, wing, and tarsus size) and body condition at the time of banding between birds that were subsequently recovered from hunting during the same year as their banding, and birds that were not recovered. We did not find any patterns showing systematic differences between recovery categories, among our model species, for the traits we studied. Moreover, when a difference existed between recovery categories, it was so small that its biological relevance can be challenged. Hunting of birds in Europe therefore does not show any form of strong selectivity on the morphological and physiological traits that we studied and should hence not lead to any change of these traits either by plastic or by evolutionary response.

Published
2022
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16. Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa

Author

Gauld, Jethro G., primary, Silva, João P., additional, Atkinson, Philip W., additional, Record, Paul, additional, Acácio, Marta, additional, Arkumarev, Volen, additional, Blas, Julio, additional, Bouten, Willem, additional, Burton, Niall, additional, Catry, Inês, additional, Champagnon, Jocelyn, additional, Clewley, Gary D., additional, Dagys, Mindaugas, additional, Duriez, Olivier, additional, Exo, Klaus‐Michael, additional, Fiedler, Wolfgang, additional, Flack, Andrea, additional, Friedemann, Guilad, additional, Fritz, Johannes, additional, Garcia‐Ripolles, Clara, additional, Garthe, Stefan, additional, Giunchi, Dimitri, additional, Grozdanov, Atanas, additional, Harel, Roi, additional, Humphreys, Elizabeth M., additional, Janssen, René, additional, Kölzsch, Andrea, additional, Kulikova, Olga, additional, Lameris, Thomas K., additional, López‐López, Pascual, additional, Masden, Elizabeth A., additional, Monti, Flavio, additional, Nathan, Ran, additional, Nikolov, Stoyan, additional, Oppel, Steffen, additional, Peshev, Hristo, additional, Phipps, Louis, additional, Pokrovsky, Ivan, additional, Ross‐Smith, Viola H., additional, Saravia, Victoria, additional, Scragg, Emily S., additional, Sforzi, Andrea, additional, Stoynov, Emilian, additional, Thaxter, Chris, additional, Van Steelant, Wouter, additional, van Toor, Mariëlle, additional, Vorneweg, Bernd, additional, Waldenström, Jonas, additional, Wikelski, Martin, additional, Žydelis, Ramūnas, additional, and Franco, Aldina M. A., additional

Published
2022
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23. Evaluation of the distance sampling technique to monitor gregarious species: A simulation exercise.

Author

Jacquemin, Arthur, Vallecillo, David, Guillemain, Matthieu, Defos Du Rau, Pierre, and Champagnon, Jocelyn

Subjects
SAMPLING (Process), FLIGHT testing, AERIAL surveys, COST effectiveness, SPECIES
Abstract

Wildlife count data are used to provide estimates of population abundance. To quantify changes in the size of populations, it is necessary to determine the precision of abundance estimates. Ground or aerial survey methods are often intended to be a census and thus do not provide estimates of precision. One solution is to switch approaches to a different sampling and estimation procedure, such as distance sampling. Using an example of the long‐term waterfowl censuses in the Camargue, a major wintering area in southern France, we used simulation to quantify the precision and cost effectiveness of transitioning to a distance sampling approach. Based on abundance and distribution data for 14 species of waterbirds (Anatidae and coot [Fulica atra]) in the Camargue, we evaluated 5 distance sampling scenarios with parallel line transects corresponding to 5 different sampling intensities. Our results suggested that, if the objective of counts is to estimate the abundance of all waterfowl together, switching from pseudo‐total to distance sampling counts would be realistic on both statistical and financial grounds. The most advantageous scenario would correspond to a sampling effort with transect lines spaced 1,000 m apart, which would allow a coefficient of variation of 0.20 for total waterfowl abundance with a 27% increase in flight costs compared to the current method. Heterogeneity in the size of detected bird groups contributed to the variability in our results, however, adjusting sampling effort from 1,750 m spaced transect to 760 m allowed reduced variation by 55%. We recommend proceeding to test flights which would allow some site‐specific parameters to be refined before changing methods. However, the distance sampling method as simulated here would prove impractical to evaluate the abundance and distribution of one species alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Avis du Comité d’Experts sur la Gestion Adaptative (CEGA) sur l’application Chass’Adapt en date du 11 mars 2021

Author

Duncan , Patrick, Aurélien, Besnard, Arnauduc, Jean-Pierre, Bro, Elisabeth, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Czajkowski, Alexandre, Jiguet, Frédéric, Mårell, Anders, Millon, Alexandre, Mourguiart, Philippe, Quaintenne, Gwenael, Claude, Jean, Robin, Frédéric, Farau, Sébastien, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), Comité d'Experts sur la Gestion Adaptative des espèces chassables, La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Chasse, bird, gestion adaptative, hunting, adaptive wildlife management, oiseau, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Avis du Comité d'Experts sur la Gestion Adaptative (CEGA) sur l'application Chass'Adapt en date du 11 mars 2021 Cet avis fait suite à une demande du Ministère de la Transition Ecologique. Après délibération lors de la séance du 11 mars 2021 en présence de 11 membres du CEGA et de son président, il a été voté à l'unanimité par les membres présents (11) et représentés (2).

Published
2021

26. Ten-year evaluation of the implementation of the AEWA Eurasian Spoonbill International Action Plan

Author

Kralj, Jelena, Pigniczki, Csaba, de Goeij, Petra, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Kralj, Jelena, Cano Alonso, Luis Santiago, and Sundar, K. S. Gopi

Subjects
Action plan evaluation, Conservation, Legislation, Management, Research
Abstract

The East Atlantic and Central European populations evaluated 24 and 27 different actions, respectively, and obtained very similar average scores (± SD) of 2.3 ± 1.1 and 2.1 ± 0.9. In both populations, legislation actions had the highest implementation scores. The lowest scores were obtained for management activities in the East Atlantic population and research activities in the Central European one. The comparison of scoring during last three ESIEG meetings showed the increase of legislation activities in the East Atlantic population, but surprisingly, also the decrease in management and research actions. Comparing the implementation scores with priorities, it is visible that for both populations higher priority actions had lower implementation, indicating the need for better implementation of the highest priority actions.

Published
2019

27. An Overview of Eurasian Spoonbill Trends

Author

Champagnon, Jocelyn, Pigniczki, Csaba, Kralj, Jelena, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Kralj, Jelena, Cano Alonso, Luis Santiago, and Sundar, K. S. Gopi

Subjects
Demography, Monitoring, Trajectory
Abstract

The situation of the Eurasian Spoonbill is globally better than ten years ago with an estimation of 8, 886-10, 211 breeding pairs in 2007 vs. 10, 872-11, 134 breeding pairs in 2018. Nevertheless, the situation is contrasted among European populations and the increase is largely driven by Western European population. While Western European population doubled since 2007, the populations of the Central and South eastern Europe decreased. The situation is incomplete for Western Asian population which was estimated to 5350 in 2015 of which 3800 would breed in Russia. The lack of precise information concerned also the small resident subpopulations P.l.balsaci and P.l.archeri.

Published
2019

29. When survival matters: is decreasing survival underlying the decline of common pochard in western Europe?

Author

Folliot, Benjamin, Souchay, Guillaume, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Durham, Maurice, Hearn, Richard, Hofer, Josef, Laesser, Jacques, Sorin, Christophe, Caizergues, Alain, Folliot, Benjamin, Souchay, Guillaume, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Durham, Maurice, Hearn, Richard, Hofer, Josef, Laesser, Jacques, Sorin, Christophe, and Caizergues, Alain

Abstract

In western Europe, common pochard populations have experienced a sharp decline over the last two decades, together with an increasing proportion of males. Both of these changes were suggested to result from decreasing survival of nesting females (i.e. survival of adult females) owing to increasing predation pressure. To test this hypothesis, we used capture–mark–recapture/recovery data of common pochard ringed during autumn–winter (October–February) in three countries of western Europe (Switzerland, United Kingdom and France). We found no evidence for decreasing survival of individuals ringed in the United Kingdom or in Switzerland over the long term (1977–2011). In France, adult males and juvenile females experienced significant decreasing survival over a shorter interval (2004–2017). Overall, females displayed lower survival than males, although this was only weakly supported by the French dataset. In contrast, only sex differences and no age differences in survival rates were recorded in the UK and Switzerland (females 0.67 ± 0.03 and 0.69 ± 0.03; males: 0.81 ± 0.01 and 0.75 ± 0.01, respectively), while both age and sex differences were recorded for France (adult females 0.62 ± 0.07, adult males 0.66 ± 0.07, juvenile females 0.49 ± 0.08, juvenile males 0.54 ± 0.08). Therefore, decreasing survival of adult females was unlikely the underlying cause of the decline of common pochard populations in western Europe. Using an age-structured two-sex matrix population model, we show that when adult males experience higher survival than adult females (as it is the case for common pochards), decreasing survival of nests and/or juveniles can trigger decreasing population size and increasing proportions of males at the same tim

Published
2020
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32. Avis délibéré du Comité d'Experts sur la Gestion Adaptative (CEGA) relatif à l'espèce Courlis cendré Numenius arquata

Author

Duncan, Patrick, Besnard, Aurélien, Bro, Elisabeth, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Jiguet, Frédéric, Mårell, Anders, Millon, Alexandre, Quaintenne, Gwenaël, Robin, Frederic, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), ONCFS - Direction des Etudes et de la Recherche, ONCFS, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), Comité d'Experts sur la Gestion Adaptative des espèces chassables, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Mårell, Anders

Subjects
Numenius arquata, bird, adaptive wildlife management, conservation, biodiversité, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, gestion adaptative, population ecology, avian ecology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, oiseau, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, écologie des populations, biodiversity
Abstract

Avis délibéré le 13 mai 2019, par les 8 membres présents ou représentés et le Président du CEGA; 6 membres ont été absents des deux réunions pour préparer cet avis.

Published
2019

33. Avis du Conseil d'Experts sur la Gestion Adaptative (CEGA) sur la Barge à queue noire Limosa limosa

Author

Duncan, Patrick, Aurélien, Besnard, Bro, Elisabeth, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Jiguet, Frédéric, Mårell, Anders, Millon, Alexandre, Quaintenne, Gwenaël, Robin, Frederic, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), ONCFS - Direction des Etudes et de la Recherche, ONCFS, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), Comité d'Experts sur la Gestion Adapative des espèces chassables, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Mårell, Anders

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Limosa limosa, bird, gestion adaptative, adaptive wildlife management, avian ecology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, conservation, oiseau, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, écologie des populations, biodiversity
Abstract

Délibéré le 13 mai 2019, par les 8 membres présents ou représentés, et le Président du CEGA; 6 membres ont été absents des deux réunions pour préparer cet avis.

Published
2019

34. Monitoring amphibian species with complex chromatophore patterns: a non- invasive approach with an evaluation of software effectiveness and reliability

Author

Renet, Julien, Leprêtre, Lisa, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Lambret, Philippe, UMR INRA 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Ecological Modeling, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Non invasive, Biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Reliability engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, Software, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Reliability (statistics), 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

International audience; The estimation of demographic parameters in wild populations is strengthened by individual identification. For amphibians, various techniques are used to either temporarily or permanently mark individuals for identification. Photo-identification of body patterns offers a non-invasive technique. However, the reliability of photo-recognition software is key to the reliable estimation of the true demographic parameters. In the current study, we assessed the effectiveness of fully-automated and semi-automated software: Wild-ID and APHIS. We used the cryptic salamander Hydromantes strinatii as our study species. We used the False Rejection Rate (FRR) of Top 1, Top 5 and Top 10 matches of chest and cloaca pictures. Finally, we assessed the bias induced by our FRR for the estimation of population size through simulation. Wild-ID FRRs ranged from 0.042 to 0.093 while APHIS' ranged from 0.227 to 0.547. Wild-ID was equally efficient with pictures from the chest and from the cloaca, while APHIS was significantly more efficient with chest pictures than cloaca pictures. Cropping pictures did not significantly improve Wild-ID effectiveness. Our Wild-ID FRRs are among the lowest ever obtained from pictures of an amphibian with a complex chromatophore pattern. Simulation showed that the Top 10 FRR from selected software Wild-ID induced a low bias 2.7% on the estimation of population size. The effectiveness and plasticity of Wild-ID provides opportunities for reliably monitoring amphibian species with complex colour patterns

Published
2019

35. Long-distance Dispersal of the Afro-Eurasian Glossy Ibis From Ring Recoveries

Author

Santoro, Simone, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Kharitonov, Sergey, Zwarts, Leo, Oschadleus, Dieter, Mañez, Manuel, Samraoui, Boudjéma, Nedjah, Riad, Volponi, Stefano, Cano-Alonso, Luis, and Tour du Valat, bibliothèque

Subjects
migratory flyways, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Glossy Ibis, Plegadis falcinellus, Africa, Eurasia, bird ringing programmes, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, gene flow
Abstract

The Glossy Ibis is among the most widespread bird species in the world. However, the Glossy Ibis erratic occurrence and distribution makes it a difficult species to study, and we know little about its dispersal and metapopulation dynamics. This study summarises previously-scattered and unpublished information by collating, in a single database, the largest number of longdistance recoveries ever reached for this species (190 individuals). Our findings suggest that (i) according to old records (about 1910 - 1995) the dispersal from the breeding grounds in East Europe was directed towards the Sahelian floodplains, North-East Africa, the Middle East and India; (ii) West and East Europe populations are probably connected; (iii) the recently (about 1995 onwards) increasing and spreading populations in West Europe do not tend to migrate south and overwinter in Sub-Saharan Africa; and, (iv) the genetic distance between geographically distant populations might be low considering the records of long-distance flights with the most impressive, and unpublished, one being that of an individual moving from Spain to the Virgin Islands (> 6,000 Km). Overall, these findings highlight the need for a research network capable of dealing with the frequent changes in the distribution and dispersal dynamics of the Glossy Ibis and its fast responses to environmental changes.

Published
2019

36. The Settlement of Glossy Ibis in France

Author

Champagnon, Jocelyn, Kayser, Yves, PETIT, Jérémiah, Marion, Loic, Reeber, Sébastien, Rodriguez-Perez, Hector, Blanchon, Thomas, Hilaire, samuel, BADONE, Irene, Crouzier, Pierre, PURENNE, Régis, Gauthier-Clerc, Michel, Tour du Valat, bibliothèque, Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

38. Trois spatules blanches Platalea leucorodia nées en Camargue (Bouches-du-Rhône) contrôlées en hivernage au Soudan du Sud

Author

Blanchon, Thomas, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Kayser, Yves, Lopez-Ricaurte, Lina, Isenmann, Paul, Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Tour du Valat, bibliothèque, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro )

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.BA.ZV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Three nestlings of Spoonbill ringed in spring 2016 in the Camargue were resighted on 30 November 2016 in the Bahr El Ghazal province in South Sudan located at some 4 500 km to the south-east of their birthplace. This wintering site is rather unexpected. Although Sudan (at least its northern part) is known since a long time to be reached by a few birds breeding in southeastern Europe (Hungary), the southernmost part (now belonging to South Sudan) may also belong to the species’ wintering area.

Published
2017

39. When survival matters: is decreasing survival underlying the decline of common pochard in western Europe?

Author

Folliot, Benjamin, Souchay, Guillaume, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Durham, Maurice, Hearn, Richard, Hofer, Josef, Laesser, Jacques, Sorin, Christophe, and Caizergues, Alain

Abstract

In western Europe, common pochard populations have experienced a sharp decline over the last two decades, together with an increasing proportion of males. Both of these changes were suggested to result from decreasing survival of nesting females (i.e. survival of adult females) owing to increasing predation pressure. To test this hypothesis, we used capture--mark--recapture/recovery data of common pochard ringed during autumn--winter (October-February) in three countries of western Europe (Switzerland, United Kingdom and France). We found no evidence for decreasing survival of individuals ringed in the United Kingdom or in Switzerland over the long term (1977--2011). In France, adult males and juvenile females experienced significant decreasing survival over a shorter interval (2004--2017). Overall, females displayed lower survival than males, although this was only weakly supported by the French dataset. In contrast, only sex differences and no age differences in survival rates were recorded in the UK and Switzerland (females 0.67 ± 0.03 and 0.69 ± 0.03; males: 0.81 ± 0.01 and 0.75 ± 0.01, respectively), while both age and sex differences were recorded for France (adult females 0.62 ± 0.07, adult males 0.66 ± 0.07, juvenile females 0.49 ± 0.08, juvenile males 0.54 ± 0.08). Therefore, decreasing survival of adult females was unlikely the underlying cause of the decline of common pochard populations in western Europe. Using an age-structured two-sex matrix population model, we show that when adult males experience higher survival than adult females (as it is the case for common pochards), decreasing survival of nests and/or juveniles can trigger decreasing population size and increasing proportions of males at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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42. Contribution of released captive-bred Mallards to the dynamics of natural populations

Author

Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Mondain-Monval, Jean-Yves, Souchay, Guillaume, Legagneux, Pierre, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Van Ingen, Laura, Bourguemestre, François, Lebreton, Jean-Dominique, Lacalle, Martine, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, CNERA-Avifaune Migratrice, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération Départementale des Chasseurs de l'Indre, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département de Biologie, Centre de la Science et de la Biodiversité du Québec - Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science (CSBQ - QCBS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The consequences of releasing captive-bred game animals into the wild have received little attention, despite their potential demographic impact, as well as costs and/or benefits for recipient populations. If restocking aims at increasing harvest opportunities, increased hunting pressure is expected, which would then be supported by either wild or released individuals. On the other hand, the wild recipient population may benefit from the release of captive-bred conspecifics if this reduces hunting pressure on the former through dilution of risk or selective harvesting of captive-bred individuals. Here, we modelled a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population consisting of wild individuals supplemented by captive-bred conspecifics, a very common practice in Europe over the last 40 years. The objective was to test the effect of an increase of harvest rate on released and wild individuals, respectively. Our results show that, due to the low reproductive value of the released Mal-lards, the population was hardly affected by a change in harvest of these low performance individuals. Conversely, a 15 percent increase in harvest rate of the wild individuals would lead to a quick decline of the population. We discuss these results in the context of the Camargue population, located in the South of France, which has experienced an increase in Mallard harvest without apparent reduction of population size. We suggest that this has only been possible due to the release of captive-bred Mallards.

Published
2016

43. Farmed European mallards are genetically different and cause introgression in the wild population following releases

Author

Elmberg, Johan, Söderquist, Pär, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, H. H. T., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., Kraus, R. H. S., Elmberg, Johan, Söderquist, Pär, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, H. H. T., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., and Kraus, R. H. S.

Abstract

The practice of restocking already viable populations to increase harvest potential has since long been common in forestry, fisheries and wildlife management. The potential risks of restocking native species have long been overshadowed by the related issue of invasive alien species. However, during the last decade releases of native species with potentially non-native genome have received more attention. A suitable model to study genetic effects of large-scale releases of native species is the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, being the most widespread duck in the world, largely migratory, and an important quarry species. More than 3 million unfledged hatchlings are released each year around Europe to increase local harvest. The aims of this study were to determine if wild and released farmed Mallards differ genetically, if there are signs of previous or ongoing introgression between wild and farmed birds, and if the genetic structure of the wild Mallard population has changed since large-scale releases started in Europe in the 1970s. Using 360 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) we found that the genetic structure differed among historical wild, present-day wild, and farmed Mallards in Europe. We also found signs of introgression in the wild Mallard population, that is, individuals with a genetic background of farmed stock are part of the present free-living population. Although only a small proportion of the released Mallards appears to survive to merge with the free-living breeding population, their numbers are still so large that the genetic impact may have significance for the wild population in terms of individual survival and longterm fitness.

Published
2016

44. Combined effects of climate change and fluctuating habitat quality on the distribution of ducks in southern Europe

Author

Guillemain, Matthieu, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Pernollet, Claire A., Devineau, Olivier, Elmberg, Johan, Cavallo, François, Massez, Grégoire, Guillemain, Matthieu, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Pernollet, Claire A., Devineau, Olivier, Elmberg, Johan, Cavallo, François, and Massez, Grégoire

Abstract

Changes in waterfowl ranges over the last decades are increasingly reported, both in North America and in Europe. The relative importance of different winter quarters may fluctuate under the influence of changing local habitat conditions, as well as according to general trends caused by global climate change. Several European duck species have shifted their winter range to the North-East, i.e. the distance between breeding and wintering grounds was reduced, in a pattern consistent with a global temperature increase. In northern countries, this could also indicate an increasing proportion of sedentary birds. We compared the geographic distribution of recoveries of bands fitted to Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Common Teal (A. crecca) in Camargue, southern France, over the last 60 years. Close to 75,000 ducks were banded since the early 1950s. Band recoveries occurred to a much greater extent in the Camargue area than in other parts of the flyways during the last decade compared to earlier years: as opposed to earlier studies, recoveries of Camargue-ringed ducks are increasingly made to the South-West. For migratory Teal, this indicates an increased faithfulness to the Camargue winter quarter. For Mallard, though, some birds may have become around-the-year residents: while the distance from banding site to recovery location was >400 km between the 1950s and 1970s, it is <75 km nowadays. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain these changes in European duck distributions. Survival analyses are also carried out, which help assessing whether changes in geographic distribution have also translated into altered demographic rates. Besides the overriding effects of climate change in the long-term, the present results suggest that local habitat management practices still have the potential to greatly affect the distribution of waterfowl.

Published
2016

47. Freigelassenes Federwild führt zu kontinent-weiter genetischer Introgression : die sich ändernde genetische Landschaft der Stockente (Anas platyrhynchos) in Europa

Author

Kraus, R. H. S., Söderquist, Pär, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, C.-G., Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, H. H. T., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., Elmberg, Johan, Kraus, R. H. S., Söderquist, Pär, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, C.-G., Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, H. H. T., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., and Elmberg, Johan

Published
2015

48. Released game birds cause introgression in European mallard

Author

Söderquist, Pär, Elmberg, Johan, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, Herbert, Crooijmans, R, Kraus, Robert, Söderquist, Pär, Elmberg, Johan, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, Herbert, Crooijmans, R, and Kraus, Robert

Abstract

The practice of restocking already viable populations to improve harvest has since long been common in forestry, fisheries and wildlife management. The potential risks with restocking of native species has for a long time been overshadowed by the related issue of invasive species. However, during the last decade releases of native species with a potential non-native genome have attained more attention. A suitable model species for studying genetic effects of large-scale releases of a native species is the Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; it is the most widespread duck in the world, it is a migrating species, and an important game bird. In several European countries it is also farmed and released to increase the harvestable population, and more than 3 million unfledged hatchlings are released each year around Europe. The aims of this study were to determine if wild and released farmed Mallards differed genetically among subpopulations in Europe, if there are signs of previous or ongoing introgression between wild and farmed Mallards, and if the genetic structure of the wild Mallard population has changed since large-scale releases started in the 1970s. We used 360 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze the genetic structure of historical wild, present-day wild, and farmed Mallards. We found a clear genetic difference between wild and farmed Mallards in Europe. We also found signs of introgression of farmed genes in the wild Mallard population, however, the rate of hybridization is probably minor due to low survival of released farmed Mallards and a change of the wild population since the start of large-scale releases is therefore limited. A low level of hybridization between farmed and wild Mallard is desired as introgressed genes may be detrimental for wild Mallards, and efforts to increase survival of farmed Mallards should therefore not be encouraged.

Published
2015

49. Freigelassenes Federwild führt zu kontinent-weiter genetischer Introgression : die sich ändernde genetische Landschaft der Stockente Anas platyrhynchos in Europa

Author

Kraus, R.H.S., Söderquist, Pär, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, H.H.T., Crooijmans, R.P.M.A., Elmberg, Johan, Kraus, R.H.S., Söderquist, Pär, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, H.H.T., Crooijmans, R.P.M.A., and Elmberg, Johan

Abstract

Es ist eine seit langem übliche Praxis in Forstwirtschaft, Fischerei und allgemeinem Wildtiermanagement, Wildtierbestände gezielt aufzustocken. In den letzten ca. zehn Jahren haben aber solche Programme Aufmerksamkeit erregt, in denen lokale Bestände von Tierarten mit Individuen der gleichen Art, aber aus anderen Regionen und damit potentiell nicht-nativen Genomen aufgestockt wurden. Die Stockente Anas platyrhynchos ist ein geeignetes Modell um die genetischen Effekte solcher großskaligen Freisetzungen auf den einheimischen Genpool zu untersuchen, weil sie die am weitesten verbreitete und zahlreichste Entenart der Welt ist, über weite Strecken migrieren kann und gleichzeitig global das wichtigste Federwild darstellt. In vielen europäischen Ländern wird die Stockente seit etwa den frühen 1970er Jahren auch auf speziellen Farmen gezüchtet und zu Jagdzwecken ausgesetzt. So gehen aktuelle Schätzungen davon aus, dass jährlich etwa drei Millionen junge Enten nur zum Zweck der Aufstockung zur Jagd an europäischen Gewässern ausgesetzt werden. Die Ziele unserer Studie waren herauszufinden, ob sich Enten von Farmpopulationen genetisch von wilden Enten unterscheiden lassen, ob es Anzeichen früherer oder anhaltender genetischer Introgression zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen gibt und ob sich die genetische Struktur der wilden Entenpopulationen seit der großskaligen Entenaufstockung verändert hat. Dazu verwendeten wir 360 SNP Marker (Single Nucleotide Polymorhpism) um die genetische Struktur von historischen wilden Stockenten (Museumsproben), zeitgenössischen wilden Stockenten und Farm-Enten zu vergleichen (N = 591). Wir fanden klare genetische Unterschiede zwischen wilden Stockenten und Farm-Enten in mehreren Ländern Europas. Ebenfalls konnten wir genetische Introgression von Genen der Farm-Enten in die wilde Stockentenpopulation zeigen. Die Vermischung scheint bisher zwar messbar aber noch gering zu sein, da auf Farmen gezüchtete Stockenten in der Wildnis geringe Überlebensraten

Published
2015

50. Released gamebrds cause introgression in European mallard

Author

Söderquist, Pär, Elmberg, Johan, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, Herbert, Crooijmans, Richard, Kraus, Robert, Söderquist, Pär, Elmberg, Johan, Gunnarsson, Gunnar, Thulin, Carl-Gustaf, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Guillemain, Matthieu, Kreisinger, Jakub, Prins, Herbert, Crooijmans, Richard, and Kraus, Robert

Abstract

The practice of restocking already viable populations to improve harvest has since long been common in forestry, fisheries and wildlife management. The potential risks with restocking of native species has for a long time been overshadowed by the related issue of invasive species. However, during the last decade releases of native species with a potential non-native genome have attained more attention. A suitable model species for studying genetic effects of large-scale releases of a native species is the Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; it is the most widespread duck in the world, it is a migrating species, and an important game bird. In several European countries it is also farmed and released to increase the harvestable population, and more than 3 million unfledged hatchlings are released each year around Europe. The aims of this study were to determine if wild and released farmed Mallards differed genetically among subpopulations in Europe, if there are signs of previous or ongoing introgression between wild and farmed Mallards, and if the genetic structure of the wild Mallard population has changed since large-scale releases started in the 1970s. We used 360 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze the genetic structure of historical wild, present-day wild, and farmed Mallards. We found a clear genetic difference between wild and farmed Mallards in Europe. We also found signs of introgression of farmed genes in the wild Mallard population, however, the rate of hybridization is probably minor due to low survival of released farmed Mallards and a change of the wild population since the start of large-scale releases is therefore limited. A low level of hybridization between farmed and wild Mallard is desired as introgressed genes may be detrimental for wild Mallards, and efforts to increase survival of farmed Mallards should therefore not be encouraged.

Published
2015

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