Author: "Chambers, Don P" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Chambers, Don P"' showing total 254 results

Start Over Author "Chambers, Don P"

254 results on '"Chambers, Don P"'

1. Introduction

Author: Boyer, T, Blunden, J, Dunn, RJH, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmadpour, Somayeh, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexander, Michael A, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Amaya, Dillon J, Amory, Charles, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Andreassen, Liss Marie, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Armenteras Pascual, Dolores, Arosio, Carlo, Asher, Elizabeth, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Baez-Villanueva, Oscar M, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, J, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beauchemin, Marc, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Beckley, Brian, Bekele, E, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bigalke, Siiri, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, Jarle W, Blake, Eric S, Blannin, Josh, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bonte, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G, Boucher, Olivier, Box, Jason E, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Brubaker, Mike, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Burgess, David, Butler, Amy H, Byrne, Michael P, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Cappucci, Fabrizio, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cerveny, Randall, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charlton, Candice S, Chen, Jack, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chisholm, Lucy, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, and Colwell, Steve
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Climate Action, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract: Abstract: —J. Blunden and T. Boyer In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. Anna Glacier in Switzerland and Ice Worm Glacier in the United States disappeared completely. In August, as a direct result of glacial thinning over the past 20 years, a glacial lake on a tributary of the Mendenhall Glacier in Alaska burst through its ice dam and caused unprecedented flooding on Mendenhall River near Juneau. Across the Arctic, the annual surface air temperature was the fourth highest in the 124-year record, and summer (July–September) was record warm. Smaller-than-normal snow cover extent in May and June contributed to the third-highest average peak tundra greenness in the 24-year record. In September, Arctic minimum sea ice extent was the fifth smallest in the 45-year satellite record. The 17 lowest September extents have all occurred in the last 17 years. In Antarctica, temperatures for much of the year were up to 6°C above average over the Weddell Sea and along coastal Dronning Maud Land. The Antarctic Peninsula also experienced well-above-average temperatures during the 2022/23 melt season, which contributed to its fourth consecutive summer of above-average surface melt. On 21 February, Antarctic sea ice extent and sea ice area both reached all-time lows, surpassing records set just a year earlier. Over the course of the year, new daily record-low sea ice extents were set on 278 days. In some instances, these daily records were set by a large margin, for example, the extent on 6 July was 1.8 million km2 lower than the previous record low for that day. Across the global oceans, the annual sea surface temperature was the highest in the 170-year record, far surpassing the previous record of 2016 by 0.13°C. Daily and monthly records were set from March onward, including an historic-high daily global mean sea surface temperature of 18.99°C recorded on 22 August. Approximately 94% of the ocean surface experienced at least one marine heatwave in 2023, while 27% experienced at least one cold spell. Globally averaged ocean heat content from the surface to 2000-m depth was record high in 2023, increasing at a rate equivalent to ∼0.7 Watts per square meter of energy applied over Earth’s surface. Global mean sea level was also record high for the 12th consecutive year, reaching 101.4 mm above the 1993 average when satellite measurements began, an increase of 8.1±1.5 mm over 2022 and the third highest year-over-year increase in the record. A total of 82 named tropical storms were observed during the Northern and Southern Hemispheres’ storm seasons, below the 1991–2020 average of 87. Hurricane Otis became the strongest landfalling hurricane on record for the west coast of Mexico at 140 kt (72 m s−1), causing at least 52 fatalities and $12–16 billion U.S. dollars in damage. Freddy became the world’s longest-lived tropical cyclones on record, developing into a tropical cyclone on 6 February and finally dissipating on 12 March. Freddy crossed the full width of the Indian Ocean and made one landfall in Madagascar and two in Mozambique. In the Mediterranean Sea—outside of traditional tropical cyclone basins—heavy rains and flooding from Storm Daniel killed more than 4300 people and left more than 8000 missing in Libya. The record-warm temperatures in 2023 created conditions that helped intensify the hydrological cycle. Measurements of total-column water vapor in the atmosphere were the highest on record, while the fraction of cloud area in the sky was the lowest since records began in 1980. The annual global mean precipitation total over land surfaces for 2023 was among the lowest since 1979, but global one-day maximum totals were close to average, indicating an increase in rainfall intensity. In July, record-high areas of land across the globe (7.9%) experienced extreme drought, breaking the previous record of 6.2% in July 2022. Overall, 29.7% of land experienced moderate or worse categories of drought during the year, also a record. Mexico reported its driest (and hottest) year since the start of its record in 1950. In alignment with hot and prolonged dry conditions, Canada experienced its worst national wildfire season on record. Approximately 15 million hectares burned across the country, which was more than double the previous record from 1989. Smoke from the fires were transported far into the United States and even to western European countries. August to October 2023 was the driest three-month period in Australia in the 104-year record. Millions of hectares of bushfires burned for weeks in the Northern Territory. In South America, extreme drought developed in the latter half of the year through the Amazon basin. By the end of October, the Rio Negro at Manaus, a major tributary of the Amazon River, fell to its lowest water level since records began in 1902. The transition from La Niña to El Niño helped bring relief to the prolonged drought conditions in equatorial eastern Africa. However, El Niño along with positive Indian Ocean dipole conditions also contributed to excessive rainfall that resulted in devastating floods over southeastern Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya during October to December that displaced around 1.5 million people. On 5 September, the town of Zagora, Greece, broke a national record for highest daily rainfall (754 mm in 21 hours, after which the station ceased reporting) due to Storm Daniel; this one-day accumulation was close to Zagora’s normal annual total.
Published: 2024

2. An Abrupt Decline in Global Terrestrial Water Storage and Its Relationship with Sea Level Change

Author: Rodell, Matthew, Barnoud, Anne, Robertson, Franklin R., Allan, Richard P., Bellas-Manley, Ashley, Bosilovich, Michael G., Chambers, Don, Landerer, Felix, Loomis, Bryant, Nerem, R. Steven, O’Neill, Mary Michael, Wiese, David, and Seneviratne, Sonia I.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Understanding of Contemporary Regional Sea‐Level Change and the Implications for the Future

Author: Hamlington, Benjamin D, Gardner, Alex S, Ivins, Erik, Lenaerts, Jan TM, Reager, JT, Trossman, David S, Zaron, Edward D, Adhikari, Surendra, Arendt, Anthony, Aschwanden, Andy, Beckley, Brian D, Bekaert, David PS, Blewitt, Geoffrey, Caron, Lambert, Chambers, Don P, Chandanpurkar, Hrishikesh A, Christianson, Knut, Csatho, Beata, Cullather, Richard I, DeConto, Robert M, Fasullo, John T, Frederikse, Thomas, Freymueller, Jeffrey T, Gilford, Daniel M, Girotto, Manuela, Hammond, William C, Hock, Regine, Holschuh, Nicholas, Kopp, Robert E, Landerer, Felix, Larour, Eric, Menemenlis, Dimitris, Merrifield, Mark, Mitrovica, Jerry X, Nerem, R Steven, Nias, Isabel J, Nieves, Veronica, Nowicki, Sophie, Pangaluru, Kishore, Piecuch, Christopher G, Ray, Richard D, Rounce, David R, Schlegel, Nicole‐Jeanne, Seroussi, Hélène, Shirzaei, Manoochehr, Sweet, William V, Velicogna, Isabella, Vinogradova, Nadya, Wahl, Thomas, Wiese, David N, and Willis, Michael J
Subjects: Climate Action, sea level, satellite observations, remote sensing, Physical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world. With improvements to the sea-level observing system, the knowledge of regional sea-level change has advanced dramatically in recent years. Satellite measurements coupled with in situ observations have allowed for comprehensive study and improved understanding of the diverse set of drivers that lead to variations in sea level in space and time. Despite the advances, gaps in the understanding of contemporary sea-level change remain and inhibit the ability to predict how the relevant processes may lead to future change. These gaps arise in part due to the complexity of the linkages between the drivers of sea-level change. Here we review the individual processes which lead to sea-level change and then describe how they combine and vary regionally. The intent of the paper is to provide an overview of the current state of understanding of the processes that cause regional sea-level change and to identify and discuss limitations and uncertainty in our understanding of these processes. Areas where the lack of understanding or gaps in knowledge inhibit the ability to provide the needed information for comprehensive planning efforts are of particular focus. Finally, a goal of this paper is to highlight the role of the expanded sea-level observation network-particularly as related to satellite observations-in the improved scientific understanding of the contributors to regional sea-level change.
Published: 2020

4. Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change

Author: Tapley, Byron D, Watkins, Michael M, Flechtner, Frank, Reigber, Christoph, Bettadpur, Srinivas, Rodell, Matthew, Sasgen, Ingo, Famiglietti, James S, Landerer, Felix W, Chambers, Don P, Reager, John T, Gardner, Alex S, Save, Himanshu, Ivins, Erik R, Swenson, Sean C, Boening, Carmen, Dahle, Christoph, Wiese, David N, Dobslaw, Henryk, Tamisiea, Mark E, and Velicogna, Isabella
Subjects: Climate Action, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract: Time-resolved satellite gravimetry has revolutionized understanding of mass transport in the Earth system. Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has enabled monitoring of the terrestrial water cycle, ice sheet and glacier mass balance, sea level change and ocean bottom pressure variations and understanding responses to changes in the global climate system. Initially a pioneering experiment of geodesy, the time-variable observations have matured into reliable mass transport products, allowing assessment and forecast of a number of important climate trends and improve service applications such as the U.S. Drought Monitor. With the successful launch of the GRACE Follow-On mission, a multi decadal record of mass variability in the Earth system is within reach.
Published: 2019

5. Observation-based trajectory of future sea level for the coastal United States tracks near high-end model projections

Author: Hamlington, Benjamin D., Chambers, Don P., Frederikse, Thomas, Dangendorf, Soenke, Fournier, Severine, Buzzanga, Brett, and Nerem, R. Steven
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Global Patterns of Spatial and Temporal Variability in Salinity from Multiple Gridded Argo Products

Author: Liu, Chao, Liang, Xinfeng, Chambers, Don P., and Ponte, Rui M.
Published: 2020

7. "Salty Drift" of Argo Floats Affects the Gridded Ocean Salinity Products.

Author: Liu, Chao, Liang, Xinfeng, Ponte, Rui M., and Chambers, Don P.
Subjects: CLIMATE research, AREA studies, SALINITY, OCEANOGRAPHY, BASIC needs, SEAWATER salinity
Abstract: Salinity is an essential variable for characterizing and understanding the state of the ocean and its role in the climate system. Gridded ocean salinity products, heavily reliant on Argo float measurements since the early 2000s, are widely used in oceanographic and climate research. However, a concerning issue of instrument drift leading to spurious salinity increases ("salty drift") has been identified in a significant number of Argo floats since 2015. This study investigates the potential consequences of this "salty drift" issue on various gridded salinity products. We compare a suite of these products and evaluate their consistency, particularly from 2015 to 2019. Our analysis reveals two major issues with the gridded salinity products after 2015: a sudden increase in global mean salinity and elevated inconsistencies between gridded salinity products. In 2015–2019, the North Indian and North Atlantic Oceans emerged as regions displaying particularly large disagreements between gridded products compared to the prior period, 2010–2014. These findings highlight the substantial impact of the "salty drift" on the reliability of the gridded salinity products. They also underline the critical need for the oceanography community to address these issues to ensure the validity of future ocean and climate studies that utilize gridded salinity products. Plain Language Summary: Salinity is crucial for understanding our planet's oceans and climate. Since 2015, some Argo floats have produced inaccurate salinity measurements that drift to higher values. This study examined several widely used ocean salinity products that were produced primarily based on Argo float measurements to assess how they are affected by the "salty drift" floats. We found that between 2015 and 2019, most of the examined products showed unrealistic increases in global mean salinity and became less consistent than before. Regions most likely affected include the North Indian and North Atlantic Oceans. This "salty drift" issue can impact previous and future global and regional studies using gridded salinity products after 2015 and needs further detailed study by the oceanography and climate communities. Key Points: Multiple gridded salinity products show an unrealistic rise in global mean salinity after 2015, with increases of up to 1.3 × 10−3 per yearThe spread of global mean salinity tripled between 2015 and 2019, translating to an uncertainty of about 1 cm in halosteric sea levelAfter 2015, over 60% of the global ocean, including the North Atlantic and North Indian Oceans, exhibited increased uncertainty in salinity change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Water Cycle: Ocean’s Role

Author: Chambers, Don P., primary
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Evaluation of the Global Mean Sea Level Budget Between 1993 and 2014

Author: Chambers, Don P., Cazenave, Anny, Champollion, Nicolas, Dieng, Habib, Llovel, William, Forsberg, Rene, von Schuckmann, Karina, Wada, Yoshihide, Cazenave, Anny, editor, Champollion, Nicolas, editor, Paul, Frank, editor, and Benveniste, Jérôme, editor
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Coastal Sea Level and Related Fields from Existing Observing Systems

Author: Marcos, Marta, Wöppelmann, Guy, Matthews, Andrew, Ponte, Rui M., Birol, Florence, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Coco, Giovanni, Santamaría-Gómez, Alvaro, Ballu, Valerie, Testut, Laurent, Chambers, Don, and Stopa, Justin E.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Introduction

Author: Boyer, Tim, primary, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, additional, Abida, A., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Agyakwah, W., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Aldeco, Laura S., additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Alfaro, Eric J., additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Allgood, Adam, additional, Alves, Lincoln. M., additional, Amador, Jorge A., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Andrade, B., additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Atkinson, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Avalos, Grinia, additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Bader, Stephan, additional, Baez, Julian, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Bardin, M. Yu, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Becker, Emily J., additional, Bekele, E., additional, Bellido, Guillem Martín, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berne, Christine, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bhuiyan, A. E., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Bissolli, Peter, additional, Bjerke Jarle, W., additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blake, Eric S., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Blunden, Jessica, additional, Bochníček, Oliver, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodenstein, Barbara, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Bringas, Francis G., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Bukunt, Brandon, additional, Calderón, Blanca, additional, Camargo, Suzana J., additional, Campbell, Jayaka, additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Chandler, Elise, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Chen, Hua, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Cheng, Vincent Y. S., additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clarke, Leonardo, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coelho, Caio A.S., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Correa, Kris, additional, Costa, Felipe, additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crhova, Lenka, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cunha, Ana P., additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, De Bock, Veerle, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Demircan, Mesut, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Deus, Ricardo, additional, Dhurmea, K. R., additional, Diamond, Howard J., additional, Dirkse, S., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Drost Jensen, Caroline, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Drumond, Paula, additional, du Plessis, Marcel, additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dusek, Robert, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Ekici, Mithat, additional, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, additional, ElKharrim, M., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fauchereau, Nicolas, additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fenimore, Chris, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Fogarty, Chris, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Frost, Gerald V. (JJ), additional, Fuhrman, Steven, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Ganter, Catherine, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Gille, Sarah T., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Gleason, Karin, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Goldenberg, Stanley B., additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Guard, Charles “Chip” P., additional, Hagos, S., additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Harnos, Daniel S., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, He, Qiong, additional, Heim, Richard R., additional, Hellström, Sverker, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Hicks, J., additional, Hidalgo, Hugo G., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Huang, Hongjie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jadra, Gerardo, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Johns, W., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Josey, Simon A., additional, Jumaux, G., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kabidi, K., additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kerr, Kenneth, additional, Khan, Valentina, additional, Khiem, Mai Van, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Mi Ju, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Klotzbach, Philip J., additional, Knaff, John A., additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Korshunova, Natalia N., additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Kruger, A. C., additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, L’Heureux, Michelle, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakatos, Mónika, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lam, Hoang Phuc, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Landsea, Chris W., additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Leung, Kinson H. Y., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Likso, Tanja, additional, Lin, I-I., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Lorrey, Andrew M., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Lu, Rui, additional, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magee, Andrew D., additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Marcinonienė, Izolda, additional, Marengo, Jose A., additional, Marjan, Mohammadi, additional, Martínez, Ana E., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McBride, C., additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Mcvicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mekonnen, A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Meyers, Tristan, additional, Mikolajczyk, David E., additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Misevicius, Noelia, additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Moise, Aurel, additional, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mora, Natali, additional, Morán, Johnny, additional, Morehen, Claire, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mostafa, A. E., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Nieto, Juan J., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Ochwat, Naomi, additional, Oikawa, Yoshinori, additional, Okunaka, Yuka, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Pasch, Richard J., additional, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perčec Tadić, Melita, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Pezza, Alexandre B., additional, Pezzi, Luciano P., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Pires, Vanda, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Quisbert, Kenny, additional, Quispe, Willy R., additional, Rajeevan, M., additional, Ramos, Andrea M., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Recalde, Cristina, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J., additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Robjhon, M., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Ronchail, Josyane, additional, Rosencrans, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rösner, Benjamin, additional, Rösner, Henrieke, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rubek, Frans, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Salinas, Roberto, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Santini, Marcelo, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Sayouri, A., additional, Scambos, Theodore, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schimanke, Semjon, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Schreck, Carl J., additional, Schultz, Cristina, additional, _, _, additional, Segele, Z. T., additional, Sensoy, Serhat, additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Shukla, R., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Sima, F., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Smith, Adam, additional, Smith, Matthew M., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Souza, Everaldo, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Spillane, Sandra, additional, Sreejith, O. P., additional, Srivastava, A. K., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stella, Jose L., additional, Stephenson, Tannecia S., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, additional, Takemura, Kazuto, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Taylor, Michael A., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thiaw, W. M., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tobin, Skie, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Trescilo, Lidia, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Trewin, Blair C., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Trotman, Adrian, additional, Truchelut, Ryan E., additional, Trusel, Luke D., additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., additional, van vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Vazife, Ahad, additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Walker, Donald (Skip) A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Willems, An, additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Willis, J., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Wood, Kimberly M., additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yang, Daqing, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yin, Ziqi, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Zhang, Peiqun, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Zhu, Zhiwei, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Global Oceans

Author: Johnson, G. C, primary, Lumpkin, R, additional, Atkinson, C, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Boyer, Tim, additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gilson, John, additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, Johns, W., additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Reagan, James, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Sweet, William, additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Willis, J., additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. GRACE-Based Estimates of Terrestrial Freshwater Discharge from Basin to Continental Scales

Author: Syed, Tajdarul H, Famiglietti, James S, and Chambers, Don P
Subjects: : Mississippi river-basin, ice mass-loss, hydrological cycle, gravity-field, NCEP-NCAR, storage, system, reanalyses, balance, runoff
Abstract: In this study, new estimates of monthly freshwater discharge from continents, drainage regions, and global land for the period of 2003–05 are presented. The method uses observed terrestrial water storage change estimates from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and reanalysis-based atmospheric moisture divergence and precipitable water tendency in a coupled land–atmosphere water mass balance. The estimates of freshwater discharge are analyzed within the context of global climate and compared with previously published estimates. Annual cycles of observed streamflow exhibit stronger correlations with the computed discharge compared to those with precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P − E) in several of the world’s largest river basins. The estimate presented herein of the mean monthly discharge from South America (846 km3 month−1) is the highest among the continents and that flowing into the Atlantic Ocean (1382 km3 month−1) is the highest among the drainage regions. The volume of global freshwater discharge estimated here is 30 354 ± 1212 km3 yr−1. Monthly variations of global freshwater discharge peak between August and September and reach a minimum in February. Global freshwater discharge is also computed using a global ocean–atmosphere mass balance in order to validate the land–atmosphere water balance estimates and as a measure of global water budget closure. Results show close proximity between the two estimates of global discharge at monthly (RMSE = 329 km3 month−1) and annual time scales (358 km3 yr−1). Results and comparisons to observations indicate that the method shows important potential for global-scale monitoring of combined surface water and submarine groundwater discharge at near-real time, as well as for contributing to contemporary global water balance studies and for constraining global hydrologic model simulations.
Published: 2009

14. Introduction STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2022

Author: Boyer, Tim, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, Abida, A, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmasuk, Brandon, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Atkinson, C, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Backensto, Stacia A, Bader, Stephan, Baez, Julian, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Barnes, John E, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Bekele, E, Bellido, Guillem Martín, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Benestad, Rasmus, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bhuiyan, AE, Bigalke, Siiri, Biló, Tiago, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke Jarle, W, Blagrave, Kevin, Blake, Eric S, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael, Boucher, Olivier, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Bringas, Francis, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Chen, Hua, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chomiak, Leah, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Cohen, Judah L, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R, Cornes, Richard C, Correa, Kris, Costa, Felipe, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Créatux, Jean-François, Crhova, Lenka, Crimmins, Theresa, Cronin, Meghan F, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Culpepper, Joshua, Cunha, Ana P, Cusicanqui, Diego, Datta, Rajashree T, Davis, Sean M, De Bock, Veerle, de Jeu, Richard AM, De Laat, Jos, Decharme, Bertrand, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, Chris, Deus, Ricardo, Dhurmea, KR, Diamond, Howard J, Dirkse, S, Divine, Dmitry, Dokulil, Martin T, Donat, Markus G, Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A, Drost Jensen, Caroline, Druckenmiller, Matthew L, Drumond, Paula, du Plessis, Marcel, Dugan, Hilary A, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, Dunmire, Devon, Dunn, Robert JH, Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff, Duveiller, Gregory, Ekici, Mithat, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, ElKharrim, M, Epstein, Howard E, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, Estilow, Thomas W, Estrella, Nicole, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Fausto, Robert S, Feely, Richard A, Fenimore, Chris, Fereday, David, Fettweis, Xavier, Fioletov, vitali E, Flemming, Johannes, Fogarty, Chris, Fogt, Ryan L, Forbes, Bruce C, Foster, Michael J, Franz, Bryan A, Freeman, Natalie M, Fricker, Helen A, Frith, Stacey M, Froidevaux, Lucien, Frost, Gerald V, Fuhrman, Steven, Füllekrug, Martin, Ganter, Catherine, Gao, Meng, Gardner, Alex S, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gerland, Sebastian, Gibbes, Badin, Gille, Sarah T, Gilson, John, Gleason, Karin, Gobron, Nadine, Goetz, Scott J, Goldenberg, Stanley B, Goni, Gustavo, Goodman, Steven, Goto, Atsushi, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Gu, Guojun, Guard, Charles Chip P, Hagos, S, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Bradley D, Hamlington, Benjamin D, Hanna, Edward, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, Harnos, Daniel S, Harris, Ian, He, Qiong, Heim, Richard R, Hellström, Sverker, Hemming, Deborah L, Hendricks, Stefan, Hicks, J, Hidalgo, Hugo G, Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, W, Holmes, Robert M, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hu, Guojie, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Huang, Hongjie, Hurst, Dale F, Ialongo, Iolanda, Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jadra, Gerardo, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, John, Viju O, Johns, W, Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C, Jones, Philip D, Jones, Timothy, Josey, Simon A, Jumaux, G, Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kabidi, K, Kaiser, Johannes W, Kaler, Robb SA, Kaleschke, Lars, Kaufmann, Viktor, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, Keller, Linda M, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John, Kent, Elizabeth C, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, Valentina, Khiem, Mai Van, Kidd, Richard, Kim, Mi Ju, Kim, Seong-Joong, Kipling, Zak, Klotzbach, Philip J, Knaff, John A, Koppa, Akash, Korshunova, Natalia N, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Kruger, AC, Kruger, Andries, Kumar, Arun, L’Heureux, Michelle, La Fuente, Sofia, Laas, Alo, Labe, Zachary M, Lader, Rick, Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lam, Hoang Phuc, Lan, Xin, Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W, Lang, Timothy, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lantz, Kathleen O, Lara, Mark J, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lavers, David A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Leblanc, Thierry, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, Leibensperger, Eric M, Lennard, Chris, Leuliette, Eric, Leung, Kinson HY, Lieser, Jan L, Likso, Tanja, Lin, I-I, Lindsey, Jackie, Liu, Yakun, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G, Loomis, Bryant D, Lorrey, Andrew M, Loyola, Diego, Lu, Rui, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Luojus, Kari, Lyman, John M, Maberly, Stephen C, Macander, Matthew J, MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A, MacLennan, Michelle L, Madelon, Remi, Magee, Andrew D, Magnin, Florence, Mamen, Jostein, Mankoff, Ken D, Manney, Gloria L, Marcinonienė, Izolda, Marengo, Jose A, Marjan, Mohammadi, Martínez, Ana E, Massom, Robert A, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew R, McAfee, Stephanie A, McBride, C, McCabe, Matthew F, McClelland, James W, McPhaden, Michael J, Mcvicar, Tim R, Mears, Carl A, Meier, Walter N, Mekonnen, A, Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J, Merrifield, Mark A, Meyer, Michael F, Meyers, Tristan, Mikolajczyk, David E, Miller, John B, Miralles, Diego G, Misevicius, Noelia, Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T, Moat, Ben I, Moesinger, Leander, Moise, Aurel, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, Monet, Ghislaine, Montzka, Stephan A, Moon, Twila A, Moore, GWK, Mora, Natali, Morán, Johnny, Morehen, Claire, Morice, Colin, Mostafa, AE, Mote, Thomas L, Mrekaj, Ivan, Mudryk, Lawrence, Mühle, Jens, Müller, Rolf, Nance, David, Nash, Eric R, Nerem, R Steven, Newman, Paul A, Nicolas, Julien P, Nieto, Juan J, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben, Norton, Taylor, Nyland, Kelsey E, O’Keefe, John, Ochwat, Naomi, Oikawa, Yoshinori, Okunaka, Yuka, Osborn, Timothy J, Overland, James E, Park, Taejin, Parrington, Mark, Parrish, Julia K, Pasch, Richard J, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pellet, Cécile, Pelto, Mauri S, Perčec Tadić, Melita, Perovich, Donald K, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, Petersen, Kyle, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Petty, Alek, Pezza, Alexandre B, Pezzi, Luciano P, Phillips, Coda, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pierson, Don, Pinto, Izidine, Pires, Vanda, Pitts, Michael, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Pogliotti, Paolo, Poinar, Kristin, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Purkey, Sarah G, Qiu, Bo, Quisbert, Kenny, Quispe, Willy R, Rajeevan, M, Ramos, Andrea M, Randel, William J, Rantanen, Mika, Raphael, Marilyn N, Reagan, James, Recalde, Cristina, Reid, Phillip, Rémy, Samuel, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D, Ricker, Robert, Robinson, David A, Robjhon, M, Rocha, Willy, Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Romanovsky, Vladimir E, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosencrans, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H, Rösner, Benjamin, Rösner, Henrieke, Rozanov, Alexei, Rozkošný, Jozef, Rubek, Frans, Rusanovskaya, Olga O, Rutishauser, This, Sabeerali, CT, Salinas, Roberto, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L, Santini, Marcelo, Sato, Katsunari, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Sayouri, A, Scambos, Theodore, Schenzinger, Verena, Schimanke, Semjon, Schlegel, Robert W, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schneider, Udo, Schreck, Carl J, Schultz, Cristina, _, _, Segele, ZT, Sensoy, Serhat, Serbin, Shawn P, Serreze, Mark C, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, Sezaki, Fumi, Sharma, Sapna, Sharp, Jonathan D, Sheffield, Gay, Shi, Jia-Rui, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Alexander I, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Shukla, R, Siegel, David A, Silow, Eugene A, Sima, F, Simmons, Adrian J, Smeed, David A, Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L, Soden, Brian J, Sofieva, Viktoria, Souza, Everaldo, Sparks, Tim H, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, Spencer, Robert GM, Spillane, Sandra, Sreejith, OP, Srivastava, AK, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K, Stella, Jose L, Stephenson, Tannecia S, Stradiotti, Pietro, Strahan, Susan E, Streletskiy, Dmitry A, Surendran, Divya E, Suslova, Anya, Svendby, Tove, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, Takemura, Kazuto, Tank, Suzanne E, Taylor, Michael A, Tedesco, Marco, Thackeray, Stephen J, Thiaw, WM, Thibert, Emmanuel, Thoman, Richard L, Thompson, Andrew F, Thompson, Philip R, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Tobin, Skie, Tømmervik, Hans, Tourpali, Kleareti, Trescilo, Lidia, Tretiakov, Mikhail, Trewin, Blair C, Triñanes, Joaquin A, Trotman, Adrian, Truchelut, Ryan E, Trusel, Luke D, Tye, Mari R, van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J, van vliet, Arnold JH, Vazife, Ahad, Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J, Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastián, Volkov, Denis L, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S, Walker, Donald A, Walsh, John E, Wang, Bin, Wang, Hui, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Ray HJ, Wang, Xinyue, Wanninkhof, Rik, Warnock, Taran, Weber, Mark, Webster, Melinda, Wehrlé, Adrian, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K, Widlansky, Matthew J, Wiese, David N, Wild, Jeannette D, Wille, Jonathan D, Willems, An, Willett, Kate M, Williams, Earle, Willis, J, Wong, Takmeng, Wood, Kimberly M, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, Xie, Ping-Ping, Yang, Dedi, Yin, Xungang, Yin, Ziqi, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziemke, Jerry R, Ziese, Markus, Zolkos, Scott, Zotta, Ruxandra M, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V, Haley, Bridgette O, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B, Veasey, Sara W, Boyer, Tim, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, Abida, A, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmasuk, Brandon, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Atkinson, C, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Backensto, Stacia A, Bader, Stephan, Baez, Julian, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Barnes, John E, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Bekele, E, Bellido, Guillem Martín, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Benestad, Rasmus, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bhuiyan, AE, Bigalke, Siiri, Biló, Tiago, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke Jarle, W, Blagrave, Kevin, Blake, Eric S, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael, Boucher, Olivier, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Bringas, Francis, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Chen, Hua, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chomiak, Leah, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Cohen, Judah L, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R, Cornes, Richard C, Correa, Kris, Costa, Felipe, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Créatux, Jean-François, Crhova, Lenka, Crimmins, Theresa, Cronin, Meghan F, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Culpepper, Joshua, Cunha, Ana P, Cusicanqui, Diego, Datta, Rajashree T, Davis, Sean M, De Bock, Veerle, de Jeu, Richard AM, De Laat, Jos, Decharme, Bertrand, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, Chris, Deus, Ricardo, Dhurmea, KR, Diamond, Howard J, Dirkse, S, Divine, Dmitry, Dokulil, Martin T, Donat, Markus G, Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A, Drost Jensen, Caroline, Druckenmiller, Matthew L, Drumond, Paula, du Plessis, Marcel, Dugan, Hilary A, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, Dunmire, Devon, Dunn, Robert JH, Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff, Duveiller, Gregory, Ekici, Mithat, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, ElKharrim, M, Epstein, Howard E, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, Estilow, Thomas W, Estrella, Nicole, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Fausto, Robert S, Feely, Richard A, Fenimore, Chris, Fereday, David, Fettweis, Xavier, Fioletov, vitali E, Flemming, Johannes, Fogarty, Chris, Fogt, Ryan L, Forbes, Bruce C, Foster, Michael J, Franz, Bryan A, Freeman, Natalie M, Fricker, Helen A, Frith, Stacey M, Froidevaux, Lucien, Frost, Gerald V, Fuhrman, Steven, Füllekrug, Martin, Ganter, Catherine, Gao, Meng, Gardner, Alex S, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gerland, Sebastian, Gibbes, Badin, Gille, Sarah T, Gilson, John, Gleason, Karin, Gobron, Nadine, Goetz, Scott J, Goldenberg, Stanley B, Goni, Gustavo, Goodman, Steven, Goto, Atsushi, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Gu, Guojun, Guard, Charles Chip P, Hagos, S, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Bradley D, Hamlington, Benjamin D, Hanna, Edward, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, Harnos, Daniel S, Harris, Ian, He, Qiong, Heim, Richard R, Hellström, Sverker, Hemming, Deborah L, Hendricks, Stefan, Hicks, J, Hidalgo, Hugo G, Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, W, Holmes, Robert M, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hu, Guojie, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Huang, Hongjie, Hurst, Dale F, Ialongo, Iolanda, Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jadra, Gerardo, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, John, Viju O, Johns, W, Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C, Jones, Philip D, Jones, Timothy, Josey, Simon A, Jumaux, G, Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kabidi, K, Kaiser, Johannes W, Kaler, Robb SA, Kaleschke, Lars, Kaufmann, Viktor, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, Keller, Linda M, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John, Kent, Elizabeth C, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, Valentina, Khiem, Mai Van, Kidd, Richard, Kim, Mi Ju, Kim, Seong-Joong, Kipling, Zak, Klotzbach, Philip J, Knaff, John A, Koppa, Akash, Korshunova, Natalia N, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Kruger, AC, Kruger, Andries, Kumar, Arun, L’Heureux, Michelle, La Fuente, Sofia, Laas, Alo, Labe, Zachary M, Lader, Rick, Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lam, Hoang Phuc, Lan, Xin, Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W, Lang, Timothy, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lantz, Kathleen O, Lara, Mark J, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lavers, David A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Leblanc, Thierry, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, Leibensperger, Eric M, Lennard, Chris, Leuliette, Eric, Leung, Kinson HY, Lieser, Jan L, Likso, Tanja, Lin, I-I, Lindsey, Jackie, Liu, Yakun, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G, Loomis, Bryant D, Lorrey, Andrew M, Loyola, Diego, Lu, Rui, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Luojus, Kari, Lyman, John M, Maberly, Stephen C, Macander, Matthew J, MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A, MacLennan, Michelle L, Madelon, Remi, Magee, Andrew D, Magnin, Florence, Mamen, Jostein, Mankoff, Ken D, Manney, Gloria L, Marcinonienė, Izolda, Marengo, Jose A, Marjan, Mohammadi, Martínez, Ana E, Massom, Robert A, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew R, McAfee, Stephanie A, McBride, C, McCabe, Matthew F, McClelland, James W, McPhaden, Michael J, Mcvicar, Tim R, Mears, Carl A, Meier, Walter N, Mekonnen, A, Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J, Merrifield, Mark A, Meyer, Michael F, Meyers, Tristan, Mikolajczyk, David E, Miller, John B, Miralles, Diego G, Misevicius, Noelia, Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T, Moat, Ben I, Moesinger, Leander, Moise, Aurel, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, Monet, Ghislaine, Montzka, Stephan A, Moon, Twila A, Moore, GWK, Mora, Natali, Morán, Johnny, Morehen, Claire, Morice, Colin, Mostafa, AE, Mote, Thomas L, Mrekaj, Ivan, Mudryk, Lawrence, Mühle, Jens, Müller, Rolf, Nance, David, Nash, Eric R, Nerem, R Steven, Newman, Paul A, Nicolas, Julien P, Nieto, Juan J, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben, Norton, Taylor, Nyland, Kelsey E, O’Keefe, John, Ochwat, Naomi, Oikawa, Yoshinori, Okunaka, Yuka, Osborn, Timothy J, Overland, James E, Park, Taejin, Parrington, Mark, Parrish, Julia K, Pasch, Richard J, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pellet, Cécile, Pelto, Mauri S, Perčec Tadić, Melita, Perovich, Donald K, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, Petersen, Kyle, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Petty, Alek, Pezza, Alexandre B, Pezzi, Luciano P, Phillips, Coda, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pierson, Don, Pinto, Izidine, Pires, Vanda, Pitts, Michael, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Pogliotti, Paolo, Poinar, Kristin, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Purkey, Sarah G, Qiu, Bo, Quisbert, Kenny, Quispe, Willy R, Rajeevan, M, Ramos, Andrea M, Randel, William J, Rantanen, Mika, Raphael, Marilyn N, Reagan, James, Recalde, Cristina, Reid, Phillip, Rémy, Samuel, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D, Ricker, Robert, Robinson, David A, Robjhon, M, Rocha, Willy, Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Romanovsky, Vladimir E, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosencrans, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H, Rösner, Benjamin, Rösner, Henrieke, Rozanov, Alexei, Rozkošný, Jozef, Rubek, Frans, Rusanovskaya, Olga O, Rutishauser, This, Sabeerali, CT, Salinas, Roberto, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L, Santini, Marcelo, Sato, Katsunari, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Sayouri, A, Scambos, Theodore, Schenzinger, Verena, Schimanke, Semjon, Schlegel, Robert W, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schneider, Udo, Schreck, Carl J, Schultz, Cristina, _, _, Segele, ZT, Sensoy, Serhat, Serbin, Shawn P, Serreze, Mark C, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, Sezaki, Fumi, Sharma, Sapna, Sharp, Jonathan D, Sheffield, Gay, Shi, Jia-Rui, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Alexander I, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Shukla, R, Siegel, David A, Silow, Eugene A, Sima, F, Simmons, Adrian J, Smeed, David A, Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L, Soden, Brian J, Sofieva, Viktoria, Souza, Everaldo, Sparks, Tim H, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, Spencer, Robert GM, Spillane, Sandra, Sreejith, OP, Srivastava, AK, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K, Stella, Jose L, Stephenson, Tannecia S, Stradiotti, Pietro, Strahan, Susan E, Streletskiy, Dmitry A, Surendran, Divya E, Suslova, Anya, Svendby, Tove, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, Takemura, Kazuto, Tank, Suzanne E, Taylor, Michael A, Tedesco, Marco, Thackeray, Stephen J, Thiaw, WM, Thibert, Emmanuel, Thoman, Richard L, Thompson, Andrew F, Thompson, Philip R, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Tobin, Skie, Tømmervik, Hans, Tourpali, Kleareti, Trescilo, Lidia, Tretiakov, Mikhail, Trewin, Blair C, Triñanes, Joaquin A, Trotman, Adrian, Truchelut, Ryan E, Trusel, Luke D, Tye, Mari R, van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J, van vliet, Arnold JH, Vazife, Ahad, Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J, Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastián, Volkov, Denis L, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S, Walker, Donald A, Walsh, John E, Wang, Bin, Wang, Hui, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Ray HJ, Wang, Xinyue, Wanninkhof, Rik, Warnock, Taran, Weber, Mark, Webster, Melinda, Wehrlé, Adrian, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K, Widlansky, Matthew J, Wiese, David N, Wild, Jeannette D, Wille, Jonathan D, Willems, An, Willett, Kate M, Williams, Earle, Willis, J, Wong, Takmeng, Wood, Kimberly M, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, Xie, Ping-Ping, Yang, Dedi, Yin, Xungang, Yin, Ziqi, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziemke, Jerry R, Ziese, Markus, Zolkos, Scott, Zotta, Ruxandra M, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V, Haley, Bridgette O, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B, and Veasey, Sara W
Abstract: Abstract —J. BLUNDEN, T. BOYER, AND E. BARTOW-GILLIES Earth’s global climate system is vast, complex, and intricately interrelated. Many areas are influenced by global-scale phenomena, including the “triple dip” La Niña conditions that prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean nearly continuously from mid-2020 through all of 2022; by regional phenomena such as the positive winter and summer North Atlantic Oscillation that impacted weather in parts the Northern Hemisphere and the negative Indian Ocean dipole that impacted weather in parts of the Southern Hemisphere; and by more localized systems such as high-pressure heat domes that caused extreme heat in different areas of the world. Underlying all these natural short-term variabilities are long-term climate trends due to continuous increases since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases. In 2022, the annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 417.1±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. Global mean tropospheric methane abundance was 165% higher than its pre-industrial level, and nitrous oxide was 24% higher. All three gases set new record-high atmospheric concentration levels in 2022. Sea-surface temperature patterns in the tropical Pacific characteristic of La Niña and attendant atmospheric patterns tend to mitigate atmospheric heat gain at the global scale, but the annual global surface temperature across land and oceans was still among the six highest in records dating as far back as the mid-1800s. It was the warmest La Niña year on record. Many areas observed record or near-record heat. Europe as a whole observed its second-warmest year on record, with sixteen individual countries observing record warmth at the national scale. Records were shattered across the continent during the summer months as heatwaves
Published: 2023

15. Global Oceans

Author: Johnson, G. C, Lumpkin, R, Atkinson, C, Biló, Tiago, Boyer, Tim, Bringas, Francis, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Chan, Duo, Cheng, Lijing, Chomiak, Leah, Cronin, Meghan F., Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Franz, Bryan A., Gao, Meng, Garg, Jay, Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hobbs, W., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johns, W., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., McPhaden, Michael J., Merrifield, Mark A., Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Mrekaj, Ivan, Nerem, R. Steven, Purkey, Sarah G., Qiu, Bo, Reagan, James, Sato, Katsunari, Schmid, Claudia, Sharp, Jonathan D., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Willis, J., Xie, Ping-Ping, Yin, Xungang, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V., Haley, Bridgette O., Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B., Veasey, Sara W., Johnson, G. C, Lumpkin, R, Atkinson, C, Biló, Tiago, Boyer, Tim, Bringas, Francis, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Chan, Duo, Cheng, Lijing, Chomiak, Leah, Cronin, Meghan F., Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Franz, Bryan A., Gao, Meng, Garg, Jay, Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hobbs, W., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johns, W., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., McPhaden, Michael J., Merrifield, Mark A., Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Mrekaj, Ivan, Nerem, R. Steven, Purkey, Sarah G., Qiu, Bo, Reagan, James, Sato, Katsunari, Schmid, Claudia, Sharp, Jonathan D., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Willis, J., Xie, Ping-Ping, Yin, Xungang, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V., Haley, Bridgette O., Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B., and Veasey, Sara W.
Abstract: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and heat transport (MHT) have been observed (Fig. 3.21) at several trans-basin and western boundary moored arrays (e.g., Frajka-Williams et al. 2019; Berx et al. 2021; Hummels et al. 2022), as well as by synthesizing in situ and satellite altimetry measurements at several latitudes (Hobbs and Willis 2012; Sanchez-Franks et al. 2021; Dong et al. 2021; Kersalé et al. 2021). Here we provide updates on the MOC and MHT estimates from the Rapid Climate Change/MOC and Heatflux Array/Western Boundary Time Series (RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS) moored array at 26.5°N and from the synthetic approach at 41°N and at several latitudes in the South Atlantic. While updates for the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program and the South Atlantic MOC Basin-wide Array at 34.5°S are pending, we report on recent advances in observing the variability of flows comprising the lower limb of the North Atlantic MOC, including the Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (MOVE, 16°N).
Published: 2023

16. An extreme sea level indicator for the contiguous United States coastline

Author: Rashid, Md. Mamunur, Wahl, Thomas, Chambers, Don P., Calafat, Francisco M., and Sweet, William V.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Spatiotemporal Snowfall Trends in Central New York

Author: Hartnett, Justin J., Collins, Jennifer M., Baxter, Martin A., and Chambers, Don P.
Published: 2014

18. Global Oceans, BAMS State of the Climate in 2021, Chapter 3

Author: Johnson, Gregory C., Lumpkin, Rick, Boyer, Tim, Bringas, Francis, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Fox-Kemper, Baylor, Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Fu, Yao, Gao, Meng, Garg, Jay, Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hewitt, Helene T., Hobbs, William R., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johns, William E., Katsunari, Sato, Kennedy, John J., Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lozier, M. Susan, Lyman, John M., Merrifield, Mark A., Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Nerem, R. Steven, Notz, Dirk, Perez, Renellys C., Purkey, Sarah G., Rayner, Darren, Reagan, James, Schmid, Claudia, Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Willis, Josh K., Yu, Lisan, and Zhang, Huai-Min
Abstract: Patterns of variability in ocean properties are often closely related to large-scale climate pattern indices, and 2021 is no exception. The year 2021 started and ended with La Niña conditions, charmingly dubbed a “double-dip” La Niña. Hence, stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds in the tropical south Pacific drove westward surface current anomalies in the equatorial Pacific; reduced sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content in the eastern tropical Pacific; increased sea level, upper ocean heat content, and salinity in the western tropical Pacific; resulted in a rim of anomalously high chlorophyll-a (Chla) on the poleward and westward edges of the anomalously cold SST wedge in the eastern equatorial Pacific; and increased precipitation over the Maritime Continent. The Pacific decadal oscillation remained strongly in a negative phase in 2021, with negative SST and upper ocean heat content anomalies around the eastern and equatorial edges of the North Pacific and positive anomalies in the center associated with low Chla anomalies. The South Pacific exhibited similar patterns. Fresh anomalies in the northeastern Pacific shifted towards the west coast of North America. The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) was weakly negative in 2021, with small positive SST anomalies in the east and nearly-average anomalies in the west. Nonetheless, upper ocean heat content was anomalously high in the west and lower in the east, with anomalously high freshwater flux and low sea surface salinities (SSS) in the east, and the opposite pattern in the west, as might be expected during a negative phase of that climate index. In the Atlantic, the only substantial cold anomaly in SST and upper ocean heat content persisted east of Greenland in 2021, where SSS was also low, all despite the weak winds and strong surface heat flux anomalies into the ocean expected during a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. These anomalies held throughout much of 2021. An Atlantic and Benguela Niño were both evident, with above-average SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and the west coast of southern Africa. Over much of the rest of the Atlantic, SSTs, upper ocean heat content, and sea level anomalies were above average. Anthropogenic climate change involves long-term trends, as this year’s chapter sidebars emphasize. The sidebars relate some of the latest IPCC ocean-related assessments (including carbon, the section on which is taking a hiatus from our report this year). This chapter estimates that SST increased at a rate of 0.16–0.19°C decade−1 from 2000 to 2021, 0–2000-m ocean heat content warmed by 0.57–0.73 W m−2 (applied over Earth’s surface area) from 1993 to 2021, and global mean sea level increased at a rate of 3.4 ± 0.4 mm yr−1 from 1993 to 2021. Global mean SST, which is more subject to interannual variations than ocean heat content and sea level, with values typically reduced during La Niña, was ~0.1°C lower in 2021 than in 2020. However, from 2020 to 2021, annual average ocean heat content from 0 to 2000 dbar increased at a rate of ~0.95 W m−2, and global sea level increased by ~4.9 mm. Both were the highest on record in 2021, and with year-on-year increases substantially exceeding their trend rates of recent decades.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Low-Input Fermentations of Agave tequilana Leaf Juice Generate High Returns on Ethanol Yields

Author: Corbin, Kendall R., Betts, Natalie S., van Holst, Nick, Jiranek, Vladimir, Chambers, Don, Byrt, Caitlin S., Fincher, Geoffrey B., and Burton, Rachel A.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Global Oceans

Author: Johnson, Gregory C., primary, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Boyer, Tim, additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fox-Kemper, Baylor, additional, Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Fu, Yao, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gilson, John, additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hewitt, Helene T., additional, Hobbs, William R., additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, Johns, William E., additional, Katsunari, Sato, additional, Kennedy, John J., additional, Kersalé, Marion, additional, Killick, Rachel E., additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Lozier, M. Susan, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Notz, Dirk, additional, Perez, Renellys C., additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Rayner, Darren, additional, Reagan, James, additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Sweet, William, additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Weller, Robert A., additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Willis, Josh K., additional, Yu, Lisan, additional, and Zhang, Huai-Min, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Seasonal and Low-Frequency Variability in Basin-Scale Sea Level

Author: Chambers, Don P., Sansò, Fernando, editor, Ádám, József, editor, and Schwarz, Klaus-Peter, editor
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Global Oceans [in “State of the Climate in 2020”]

Author: Johnson, Gregory C., Lumpkin, Rick, Alin, Simone R., Amaya, Dillon J., Baringer, Molly O., Boyer, Tim, Brandt, Peter, Carter, Brendan, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Collins, Andrew U., Cosca, Cathy, Domingues, Ricardo, Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor E., Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo J., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Herrford, Josefine, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Kennedy, John J., Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John, Marra, John F., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark, Mitchum, Gary, Moat, Bengamin I., Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys, Purkey, Sarah G., Reagan, James, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Scannell, Hillary A., Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William V., Thompson, Philip R., Trinanes, Joaquin, Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, Zhang, Huai-Min, Johnson, Gregory C., Lumpkin, Rick, Alin, Simone R., Amaya, Dillon J., Baringer, Molly O., Boyer, Tim, Brandt, Peter, Carter, Brendan, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Collins, Andrew U., Cosca, Cathy, Domingues, Ricardo, Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor E., Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo J., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Herrford, Josefine, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Kennedy, John J., Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John, Marra, John F., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark, Mitchum, Gary, Moat, Bengamin I., Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys, Purkey, Sarah G., Reagan, James, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Scannell, Hillary A., Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William V., Thompson, Philip R., Trinanes, Joaquin, Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, and Zhang, Huai-Min
Abstract: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102(8), (2021): S143–S198, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0083.1., This chapter details 2020 global patterns in select observed oceanic physical, chemical, and biological variables relative to long-term climatologies, their differences between 2020 and 2019, and puts 2020 observations in the context of the historical record. In this overview we address a few of the highlights, first in haiku, then paragraph form: La Niña arrives, shifts winds, rain, heat, salt, carbon: Pacific—beyond. Global ocean conditions in 2020 reflected a transition from an El Niño in 2018–19 to a La Niña in late 2020. Pacific trade winds strengthened in 2020 relative to 2019, driving anomalously westward Pacific equatorial surface currents. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs), upper ocean heat content, and sea surface height all fell in the eastern tropical Pacific and rose in the western tropical Pacific. Efflux of carbon dioxide from ocean to atmosphere was larger than average across much of the equatorial Pacific, and both chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton carbon concentrations were elevated across the tropical Pacific. Less rain fell and more water evaporated in the western equatorial Pacific, consonant with increased sea surface salinity (SSS) there. SSS may also have increased as a result of anomalously westward surface currents advecting salty water from the east. El Niño–Southern Oscillation conditions have global ramifications that reverberate throughout the report., Argo data used in the chapter were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it. (https://argo.ucsd.edu, https://www.ocean-ops. org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. Many authors of the chapter are supported by NOAA Research, the NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program, or the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. • L. Cheng is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42076202) and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB42040402. • R. E. Killick is supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by BEIS and Defra. PMEL contribution numbers 5214, 5215, 5216, 5217, and 5247.
Published: 2022

23. Water Cycle: Ocean’s Role

Author: Chambers, Don P., primary
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Global Sea Level Rise : RECENT PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE DECADE TO COME

Author: WILLIS, JOSH K., CHAMBERS, DON P., KUO, CHUNG-YEN, and SHUM, C. K.
Published: 2010

25. Satellite-based global-ocean mass balance estimates of interannual variability and emerging trends in continental freshwater discharge

Author: Syed, Tajdarul H., Famiglietti, James S., Chambers, Don P., Willis, Josh K., Hilburn, Kyle, and Cazenave, Anny
Published: 2010

26. Correction: Corrigendum: Recent increases in Arctic freshwater flux affects Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic overturning circulation

Author: Yang, Qian, Dixon, Timothy H., Myers, Paul G., Bonin, Jennifer, Chambers, Don, van den Broeke, M. R., Ribergaard, Mads H., and Mortensen, John
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Distinguishing between Regression Model Fits to Global Mean Sea Level Reconstructions

Author: Zhu, Yingli, primary, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Doran, Kara S., additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, and Liang, Xinfeng, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Global Oceans

Author: Johnson, Gregory C., primary, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Amaya, Dillon J., additional, Baringer, Molly O., additional, Boyer, Tim, additional, Brandt, Peter, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Collins, Andrew U., additional, Cosca, Cathy, additional, Domingues, Ricardo, additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Herrford, Josefine, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, Kennedy, John J., additional, Kersalé, Marion, additional, Killick, Rachel E., additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Marra, John J., additional, Meinen, Christopher S., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Perez, Renellys C., additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, additional, Scannell, Hillary A., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Scott, Joel P., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Sweet, William, additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Weller, Robert A., additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wilber, Anne C., additional, Yu, Lisan, additional, and Zhang, Huai-Min, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. A Comparison of the Variability and Changes in Global Ocean Heat Content from Multiple Objective Analysis Products During the Argo Period

Author: Liang, Xinfeng, primary, Liu, Chao, additional, Ponte, Rui M., additional, and Chambers, Don P., additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Summary for Policymakers

Author: Alexander, Lisa V, Allen, Simon K, Bindoff, Nathaniel L, Breon, Francois-Marie, Church, John A, Cubasch, Ulrich, Emori, Seita, Forster, Piers, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Gillett, Nathan, Gregory, Jonathan M, Hartmann, Dennis L, Jansen, Eystein, Kirtman, Ben, Knutti, Reto, Kanikicharla, Krishna Kumar, Lemke, Peter, Marotzke, Jochem, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, Meehl, Gerald A, Mokhov, Igor I, Piao, Shilong, Plattner, Gian-Kasper, Qin, Dahe, Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam, Randall, David, Rhein, Monika, Rojas, Maisa, Sabine, Christopher, Shindell, Drew, Stocker, Thomas F, Talley, Lynne D, Vaughan, David G, Xie, Shang-Ping, Allen, Myles R, Boucher, Olivier, Chambers, Don, Christensen, Jens Hesselbjerg, Ciais, Philippe, Clark, Peter U, Collins, Matthew, Comiso, Josefino C, de Menezes, Viviane Vasconcellos, Feely, Richard A, Fichefet, Thierry, Fiore, Arlene M, Flato, Gregory, Fuglestvedt, Jan, Hegerl, Gabriele, Hezel, Paul J, Johnson, Gregory C, Kaser, Georg, Kattsov, Vladimir, Kennedy, John, Tank, Albert MG Klein, Le Quere, Corinne, Myhre, Gunnar, Osborn, Timothy, Payne, Antony J, Perlwitz, Judith, Power, Scott, Prather, Michael, Rintoul, Stephen R, Rogelj, Joeri, Rusticucci, Matilde, Schulz, Michael, Sedlacek, Jan, Stott, Peter A, Sutton, Rowan, Thorne, Peter W, and Wuebbles, Donald
Published: 2014

31. State of the climate in 2020, Global Oceans

Author: Johnson, Gregory C., Lumpkin, Rick, Alin, Simone R., Amaya, Dillon J., Baringer, Molly O., Boyer, Tim, Brandt, Peter, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Collins, Andrew U., Cosca, Cathy, Domingues, Ricardo, Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Herrford, Josefine, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Kennedy, John J., Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., Marra, John J., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys C., Purkey, Sarah G., Reagan, James, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Scannell, Hillary A., Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, Zhang, Huai-Min, Johnson, Gregory C., Lumpkin, Rick, Alin, Simone R., Amaya, Dillon J., Baringer, Molly O., Boyer, Tim, Brandt, Peter, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Collins, Andrew U., Cosca, Cathy, Domingues, Ricardo, Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Herrford, Josefine, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Kennedy, John J., Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., Marra, John J., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys C., Purkey, Sarah G., Reagan, James, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Scannell, Hillary A., Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, and Zhang, Huai-Min
Abstract: Global Oceans is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2020 annual report and is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0083.1. Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2020 is based on contributions from scientists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instruments located on land, water, ice, and in space. The full report is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/2021BAMSStateoftheClimate.1
Published: 2021

32. Global Oceans

Author: Johnson, Gregory C., Lumpkin, Rick, Alin, Simone R., Amaya, Dillon J., Baringer, Molly O., Boyer, Tim, Brandt, Peter, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Collins, Andrew U., Cosca, Cathy, Domingues, Ricardo, Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Herrford, Josefine, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Kennedy, John J., Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., Marra, John J., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys C., Purkey, Sarah G., Reagan, James, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Scannell, Hillary A., Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, Zhang, Huai-Min, Johnson, Gregory C., Lumpkin, Rick, Alin, Simone R., Amaya, Dillon J., Baringer, Molly O., Boyer, Tim, Brandt, Peter, Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Collins, Andrew U., Cosca, Cathy, Domingues, Ricardo, Dong, Shenfu, Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Herrford, Josefine, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Kennedy, John J., Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Leuliette, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lyman, John M., Marra, John J., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben I., Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys C., Purkey, Sarah G., Reagan, James, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Scannell, Hillary A., Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, and Zhang, Huai-Min
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. The Seasonality of Global Land and Ocean Mass and the Changing Water Cycle

Author: Chandanpurkar, Hrishikesh A., primary, Reager, John T., additional, Famiglietti, James S., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Lo, Min‐Hui, additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, and Syed, Tajdarul H., additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Groundwater and Terrestrial Water Storage

Author: Rodell, Matthew, Chambers, Don P, and Famiglietti, James S
Subjects: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing, Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract: Terrestrial water storage (TWS) comprises groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, snow,and ice. Groundwater typically varies more slowly than the other TWS components because itis not in direct contact with the atmosphere, but often it has a larger range of variability onmultiannual timescales (Rodell and Famiglietti, 2001; Alley et al., 2002). In situ groundwaterdata are only archived and made available by a few countries. However, monthly TWSvariations observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE; Tapley et al.,2004) satellite mission, which launched in 2002, are a reasonable proxy for unconfinedgroundwater at climatic scales.
Published: 2014

35. Understanding of contemporary regional sea-level change and the implications for the future

Author: Hamlington, Benjamin D., Gardner, Alex S., Ivins, Erik, Lenaerts, Jan T. M., Reager, John T., Trossman, David S., Zaron, Edward D., Adhikari, Surendra, Arendt, Anthony, Aschwanden, Andy, Beckley, Brian D., Bekaert, David P. S., Blewitt, Geoffrey, Caron, Lambert, Chambers, Don P., Chandanpurkar, Hrishikesh A., Christianson, Knut, Csatho, Beata, Cullather, Richard I., DeConto, Robert M., Fasullo, John T., Frederikse, Thomas, Freymueller, Jeffrey T., Gilford, Daniel M., Girotto, Manuela, Hammond, William C., Hock, Regine, Holschuh, Nicholas, Kopp, Robert E., Landerer, Felix, Larour, Eric, Menemenlis, Dimitris, Merrifield, Mark, Mitrovica, Jerry X., Nerem, R. Steven, Nias, Isabel J., Nieves, Veronica, Nowicki, Sophie, Pangaluru, Kishore, Piecuch, Christopher G., Ray, Richard D., Rounce, David R., Schlegel, Nicole‐Jeanne, Seroussi, Helene, Shirzaei, Manoochehr, Sweet, William V., Velicogna, Isabella, Vinogradova, Nadya, Wahl, Thomas, Wiese, David N., Willis, Michael J., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Gardner, Alex S., Ivins, Erik, Lenaerts, Jan T. M., Reager, John T., Trossman, David S., Zaron, Edward D., Adhikari, Surendra, Arendt, Anthony, Aschwanden, Andy, Beckley, Brian D., Bekaert, David P. S., Blewitt, Geoffrey, Caron, Lambert, Chambers, Don P., Chandanpurkar, Hrishikesh A., Christianson, Knut, Csatho, Beata, Cullather, Richard I., DeConto, Robert M., Fasullo, John T., Frederikse, Thomas, Freymueller, Jeffrey T., Gilford, Daniel M., Girotto, Manuela, Hammond, William C., Hock, Regine, Holschuh, Nicholas, Kopp, Robert E., Landerer, Felix, Larour, Eric, Menemenlis, Dimitris, Merrifield, Mark, Mitrovica, Jerry X., Nerem, R. Steven, Nias, Isabel J., Nieves, Veronica, Nowicki, Sophie, Pangaluru, Kishore, Piecuch, Christopher G., Ray, Richard D., Rounce, David R., Schlegel, Nicole‐Jeanne, Seroussi, Helene, Shirzaei, Manoochehr, Sweet, William V., Velicogna, Isabella, Vinogradova, Nadya, Wahl, Thomas, Wiese, David N., and Willis, Michael J.
Abstract: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Reviews of Geophysics 58(3), (2020): e2019RG000672, doi:10.1029/2019RG000672., Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world. With improvements to the sea‐level observing system, the knowledge of regional sea‐level change has advanced dramatically in recent years. Satellite measurements coupled with in situ observations have allowed for comprehensive study and improved understanding of the diverse set of drivers that lead to variations in sea level in space and time. Despite the advances, gaps in the understanding of contemporary sea‐level change remain and inhibit the ability to predict how the relevant processes may lead to future change. These gaps arise in part due to the complexity of the linkages between the drivers of sea‐level change. Here we review the individual processes which lead to sea‐level change and then describe how they combine and vary regionally. The intent of the paper is to provide an overview of the current state of understanding of the processes that cause regional sea‐level change and to identify and discuss limitations and uncertainty in our understanding of these processes. Areas where the lack of understanding or gaps in knowledge inhibit the ability to provide the needed information for comprehensive planning efforts are of particular focus. Finally, a goal of this paper is to highlight the role of the expanded sea‐level observation network—particularly as related to satellite observations—in the improved scientific understanding of the contributors to regional sea‐level change., The research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors acknowledge support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grants 80NSSC17K0565, 80NSSC170567, 80NSSC17K0566, 80NSSC17K0564, and NNX17AB27G. A. A. acknowledges support under GRACE/GRACEFO Science Team Grant (NNH15ZDA001N‐GRACE). T. W. acknowledges support by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the New (Early Career) Investigator Program in Earth Science (Grant: 80NSSC18K0743). C. G. P was supported by the J. Lamar Worzel Assistant Scientist Fund and the Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Published: 2020

36. Global Oceans

Author: Lumpkin, Rick, Baringer, Molly, Bif, Mariana B., Boyer, Tim, Bushinsky, Seth M., Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Chiba, Sanai, Dai, Minhan, Domingues, Catia M., Dong, Shenfu, Fassbender, Andrea J., Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johns, William E., Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Kennedy, John, Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lee, Tong, Leuliette, Eric, Li, Feili, Lindstrom, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lozier, Susan, Lyman, John M., Marra, John J., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben, Monselesan, Didier, Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys C., Purkey, Sarah G., Rayner, Darren, Reagan, James, Rome, Nicholas, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Send, Uwe, Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Speich, Sabrina, Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Takeshita, Yuichiro, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Visbeck, Martin, Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, Yu, Weidong, Zhang, Huai-Min, Lumpkin, Rick, Baringer, Molly, Bif, Mariana B., Boyer, Tim, Bushinsky, Seth M., Carter, Brendan R., Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Chiba, Sanai, Dai, Minhan, Domingues, Catia M., Dong, Shenfu, Fassbender, Andrea J., Feely, Richard A., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Gilson, John, Goni, Gustavo, Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johns, William E., Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Kennedy, John, Kersalé, Marion, Killick, Rachel E., Landschützer, Peter, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lee, Tong, Leuliette, Eric, Li, Feili, Lindstrom, Eric, Locarnini, Ricardo, Lozier, Susan, Lyman, John M., Marra, John J., Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchum, Gary T., Moat, Ben, Monselesan, Didier, Nerem, R. Steven, Perez, Renellys C., Purkey, Sarah G., Rayner, Darren, Reagan, James, Rome, Nicholas, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, Schmid, Claudia, Scott, Joel P., Send, Uwe, Siegel, David A., Smeed, David A., Speich, Sabrina, Stackhouse, Paul W., Sweet, William, Takeshita, Yuichiro, Thompson, Philip R., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Visbeck, Martin, Volkov, Denis L., Wanninkhof, Rik, Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Yu, Lisan, Yu, Weidong, and Zhang, Huai-Min
Abstract: Global Oceans is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is avail-able from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0105.1. Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contr1ibutions from scien-tists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instru-ments located on land, water, ice, and in space. The full report is available from https://doi.org /10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Published: 2020

37. Ocean Temperature and Salinity Contributions to Global and Regional Sea-Level Change

Author: Church, John A., primary, Roemmich, Dean, additional, Domingues, Catia M., additional, Willis, Josh K., additional, White, Neil J., additional, Gilson, John E., additional, Stammer, Detlef, additional, Köhl, Armin, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Landerer, Felix W., additional, Marotzke, Jochem, additional, Gregory, Jonathan M., additional, Suzuki, Tatsuo, additional, Cazenave, Anny, additional, and Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Global Oceans

Author: Baringer, Molly, additional, Bif, Mariana B., additional, Boyer, Tim, additional, Bushinsky, Seth M., additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Chiba, Sanai, additional, Dai, Minhan, additional, Domingues, Catia M., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Fassbender, Andrea J., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, Johns, William E., additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Johnson, Kenneth S., additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kersalé, Marion, additional, Killick, Rachel E., additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lee, Tong, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Li, Feili, additional, Lindstrom, Eric, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Lozier, Susan, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Marra, John J., additional, Meinen, Christopher S., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben, additional, Monselesan, Didier, additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Perez, Renellys C., additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Rayner, Darren, additional, Reagan, James, additional, Rome, Nicholas, additional, Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra, additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Scott, Joel P., additional, Send, Uwe, additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Speich, Sabrina, additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takeshita, Yuichiro, additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Visbeck, Martin, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Weller, Robert A., additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wijffels, Susan E., additional, Wilber, Anne C., additional, Yu, Lisan, additional, Yu, Weidong, additional, and Zhang, Huai-Min, additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Groundwater and Terrestrial Water Storage

Author: Rodell, Matthew, Chambers, Don P, and Famiglietti, James S
Subjects: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract: Groundwater is a vital resource and also a dynamic component of the water cycle. Unconfined aquifer storage is less responsive to short term weather conditions than the near surface terrestrial water storage (TWS) components (soil moisture, surface water, and snow). However, save for the permanently frozen regions, it typically exhibits a larger range of variability over multi-annual periods than the other components. Groundwater is poorly monitored at the global scale, but terrestrial water storage (TWS) change data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission are a reasonable proxy for unconfined groundwater at climatic scales.
Published: 2012

40. Groundwater and Terrestrial Water Storage

Author: Rodell, Matthew, Chambers, Don P, and Famiglietti, James S
Subjects: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract: Most people think of groundwater as a resource, but it is also a useful indicator of climate variability and human impacts on the environment. Groundwater storage varies slowly relative to other non-frozen components of the water cycle, encapsulating long period variations and trends in surface meteorology. On seasonal to interannual timescales, groundwater is as dynamic as soil moisture, and it has been shown that groundwater storage changes have contributed to sea level variations. Groundwater monitoring well measurements are too sporadic and poorly assembled outside of the United States and a few other nations to permit direct global assessment of groundwater variability. However, observational estimates of terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations from the GRACE satellites largely represent groundwater storage variations on an interannual basis, save for high latitude/altitude (dominated by snow and ice) and wet tropical (surface water) regions. A figure maps changes in mean annual TWS from 2009 to 2010, based on GRACE, reflecting hydroclimatic conditions in 2010. Severe droughts impacted Russia and the Amazon, and drier than normal weather also affected the Indochinese peninsula, parts of central and southern Africa, and western Australia. Groundwater depletion continued in northern India, while heavy rains in California helped to replenish aquifers that have been depleted by drought and withdrawals for irrigation, though they are still below normal levels. Droughts in northern Argentina and western China similarly abated. Wet weather raised aquifer levels broadly across western Europe. Rains in eastern Australia caused flooding to the north and helped to mitigate a decade long drought in the south. Significant reductions in TWS seen in the coast of Alaska and the Patagonian Andes represent ongoing glacier melt, not groundwater depletion. Figures plot time series of zonal mean and global GRACE derived non-seasonal TWS anomalies (deviation from the mean of each month of the year) excluding Greenland and Antarctica. The two figures show that 2010 was the driest year since 2003. The drought in the Amazon was largely responsible, but an excess of water in 2009 seems to have buffered that drought to some extent. The drying trend in the 25-55 deg S zone is a combination of Patagonian glacier melt and drought in parts of Australia.
Published: 2011

41. Contributions of GRACE to Climate Monitoring

Author: Rodell, Matthew, Famiglietti, James, Chambers, Don P, and Wahr, John
Subjects: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract: The NASA/German Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) was launched in March 2002. Rather than looking downward, GRACE continuously monitors the locations of and precise distance between twin satellites which orbit in tandem about 200 km apart. Variations in mass near Earth's surface cause heterogeneities in its gravity field, which in turn affect the orbits of satellites. Thus scientists can use GRACE data to map Earth's gravity field with enough accuracy to discern month to month changes caused by ocean circulation and redistribution of water stored on and in the land. Other gravitational influences, such as atmospheric circulation, post-glacial rebound, and solid earth movements are either independently determined and removed or are negligible on a monthly to sub-decadal timescale. Despite its coarse spatial (>150,000 sq km at mid-latitudes) and temporal (approx monthly) resolutions, GRACE has enabled significant advancements in the oceanic, hydrologic, and cryospheric science, and has great potential for climate monitoring, because it is the only global observing system able to measure ocean bottom pressures, total terrestrial water storage, and ice mass changes. The best known GRACE results are estimates of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet loss rates. Previously, scientists had estimated ice mass losses using ground and satellite based altimetry and surface mass balance estimates based on snowfall accumulation and glacier discharge. While such measurements are still very useful for their spatial detail, they are imperfectly correlated with large-scale ice mass changes, due to snow and ice compaction and incomplete spatial coverage. GRACE enables scientists to generate monthly time series of Greenland and Antarctic ice mass, which have confirmed the shrinking of the polar ice sheets, one of the most obvious and indisputable manifestations of climate change. Further, GRACE has located and quantified hot spots of ice loss in southeastern Greenland and western Antarctica. For 2002 to present, the rate of ice mass loss has been 200 to 300 GT/yr in Greenland and 70 to 210 GT/yr in Antarctica, and some scientists are suggesting that the rates are accelerating. Similarly, GRACE has been used to monitor mass changes in alpine glaciers. Tamisiea et al. first characterized glacier melt along the southern coast of Alaska, more recently estimated to be occurring at a rate of 84 GT/yr. Chen et al. estimated that Patagonian glaciers are melting at a rate of 28 GT/yr, and estimated that the high mountains of central Asia lose ice at a rate of 47 GT/yr. Tapley et al. and Wahr et al. presented the first GRACE based estimates of changes in column-integrated terrestrial water storage (TWS; the sum of ground-water, soil moisture, surface waters, snow, ice, and water stored in vegetation) at continental scales. Since then, dozens of studies have shown that GRACE based estimates of regional to continental scale TWS variations agree with independent information, and some innovative uses of GRACE data have been developed. Rodell et al. (2004) and Swenson and Wahr (2006) demonstrated that by combining GRACE derived terrestrial water storage changes with observations of precipitation and runoff in a river basin scale water budget, it was possible to produce new estimates of evapotranspiration and atmospheric moisture convergence, essential climate variables that are difficult to estimate accurately. Similarly, GRACE has been used to constrain estimates of global river discharge and the contribution of changes in TWS to sea level rise. Crowley et al. observed a negative correlation between interannual TWS anomalies in the Amazon and the Congo River basin. Yeh et al. and Rodell et al. estimated regionally averaged groundwater storage variations based on GRACE and auxiliary observations. Rodell et al. and Tiwari et al. applied that method to quantify massive groundwater depletion in northern India caused by over reliance on aquifers for irration, and Famiglietti et al. found a similar situation in California's Central Valley. Zaitchik et al. and Lo et al. described approaches to use GRACE to constrain hydrological models, enabling integration of GRACE data with other observations and achieving much higher spatial and temporal resolutions than GRACE alone. Such approaches are now supporting applications including drought and water resources monitoring. Oceanography has likewise benefitted from the independent nature of GRACE observations. One application is measurement of the mass component of sea level rise, which complements radar altimetry and in situ measurements. GRACE also measures ocean bottom pressures (OBP), which help to refine understanding and modeling of ocean circulation and the ocean's fresh water budget, among other things. For example, Hayakawa et al. showed that GRACE observes OBP patterns absent from the background models of oceanic variability. Morison et al. used GRACE to describe important decadal scale shifts in circulation and an ongoing trend of freshening of the western Arctic, important indicators of climate variability. The research of Song and Zlotnicki and Chambers and Willis on GRACE-derived ocean bottom pressures in the sub-polar gyre led to the discovery of an ENSO teleconnection and a long-term change in OBP in the North Pacific sub-polar gyre that was not predicted by an ocean model. Further, Chambers and Willis were able to identify an internal redistribution of mass between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans lasting at least six years, which was not predicted by ocean models and was the first direct evidence of sustained mass transport from one ocean basin to another on periods longer than a year. Boening et al. observed a record increase in OBP over part of the southeastern Pacific in late 2009 and early 2010, primarily caused by wind stress curl associated with a strong and persistent anticyclone and likely related to the concurrent Central Pacific El Nino. GRACE has far surpassed its 5-year design lifetime, but it will likely succumb to the aging of batteries and instrument systems sometime in the next few years. NASA has begun initial development of a follow-on to GRACE with very similar design, which could launch as soon as 2016 and would provide continuity in the data record while improving resolution slightly. Higher resolution time variable gravity missions are also on the drawing board .
Published: 2011

42. State of the Climate in 2018

Author: Ades, M., Adler, R., Aldeco, Laura S., Alejandra, G., Alfaro, Eric J., Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Andersen, J. K., Anderson, John, Arndt, Derek S., Arosio, C., Arrigo, Kevin, Azorin-Molina, César, Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bell, Gerald D., Bellouin, Nicolas, Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Benedict, Imme, Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bettio, Lynette, Bhatt, U. S., Biskaborn, B. K., Bissolli, Peter, Bjella, Kevin L., Bjerke, J. K., Blake, Eric S., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir, Bringas, Francis G., Bromwich, David H., Brown, Alrick, Brown, R., Brown, Timothy J., Buehler, S. A., Cáceres, Luis, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka D., Campos Diaz, Diego A., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carrier, Seth B., Carter, Brendan R., Castro, Anabel Y., Cetinic, Ivona, Chambers, Don P., Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent Y.S., Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. S., Claus, Federico, Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A.S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Cosca, Cathy, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Dávila, Cristina P., Davis, Sean M., de Eyto, Elvira, de Jeu, Richard A.M., De Laat, Jos, Decharme, B., Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Dhurmea, K. R., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Diaz, Eliecer, Diniz, Fransisco A., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Domingues, Ricardo, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Druckenmiller, Matthew L., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farrell, Sinead L., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Garforth, J., Gerland, Sebastian, Gilson, John, Gleason, Karin, Gobron, Nadine, Goetz, S., Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Gray, Alison, Grooß, Jens Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Gu, Guojun, Guard, Charles Chip P., Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, Dimitri, Haas, Christian, Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Harris, Ian, Hazeleger, Wilco, He, Q., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, Stefan, Hernández, Rafael, Hersbach, H. E., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu Peng Ben, Holmes, R. M., Hu, Chuanmin, Huang, Boyin, Hubbard, Katherine, Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, Iolanda, Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaac, Victor, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jeffries, Martin O., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jia, G., Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, John, Viju, Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Johnson, Bryan, Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, Erdem M., Karlsen, S. R., Karnauskas, Mandy, Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A. Fazl, Kelble, Christopher, Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kidd, R., Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., King, A. D., King, Brian A., Kipling, Z., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya A., Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, Thomas, Labbé, L., Ladd, C., Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lander, Mark A., Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lareau, Neil P., Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, T. C., Leuliette, Eric, L’heureux, Michelle, Li, Bailing, Li, Tim, Lieser, Jan L., Lim, J. Y., Lin, I. I., Liu, Hongxing, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., López, Luis A., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Lyman, John M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, Gloria L., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marin, Dora, Marquardt Collow, Allison B., Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M., McClelland, J. W., McEvoy, Daniel J., McGree, Simon, McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Meier, Walt, Meijers, Andrew, Mekonnen, Ademe, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Ben, Miralles, Diego G., Misevicius, Noelia, Mitchum, Gary T., Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natali, Morice, Colin, Mosquera-Vásquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Müller, Rolf, Myneni, R., Nash, Eric R., Nauslar, Nicholas J., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, Paul A., Nicolas, Julien P., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Osborne, Emily, Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, T., Pasch, Richard J., Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pastor Saavedra, Maria Asuncion, Paterson, Andrew M., Pearce, Petra R., Pelto, Mauri S., Perovich, Don, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael, Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, Chris, Preimesberger, W., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rakotoarimalala, C. L., Ramos, Andrea M., Ramos, Isabel, Randel, W., Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Ricker, Robert, Ripaldi, A., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Camino, Ernesto, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Rösner, Benajamin, Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rustemeier, Elke, Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, Jean Baptiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Scanlon, T., Scardilli, Alvaro S., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schoeneich, P., Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Sensoy, Serhat, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, A. I., Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimpo, A., Shuman, Christopher A., Siegel, David A., Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spence, Jacqueline, Spencer, R. G.M., Spillane, Sandra, Srivastava, A. K., Stabeno, P. J., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stanitski, Diane M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan E., Streeter, Casey, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Suslova, A., Sutton, Adrienne J., Swart, Sebastiann, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kenneth S., Tank, S. E., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thompson, Philip R., Timbal, Bertrand, Timmermans, M. L., Tobin, Skie, Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trachte, Katja, Tretiakov, M., Trewin, Blair C., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, Mark, Tye, Mari R., van As, D., van de Wal, R. S.W., van der A, Ronald J., van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Werf, Guido R., van Heerwaarden, Chiel, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Verburg, Piet, Vieira, G., Vincent, Lucie A., Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Walker, D. A., Walsh, J. E., Wang, Bin, Wang, Hui, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Mengqiu, Wang, Ray, Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Webster, Melinda, Weerts, Albrecht, Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zeyaeyan, Sadegh, Zhang, Huai Min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Andersen, Andrea, Griffin, Jessicca, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Veasey, Sara W., Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Berry, David, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, King, Brian, and Domingues, Catia
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Atmospheric Science, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, Mineralogy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 020701 environmental engineering, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In 2018, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued their increase. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface was 407.4 ± 0.1 ppm, the highest in the modern instrumental record and in ice core records dating back 800 000 years. Combined, greenhouse gases and several halogenated gases contribute just over 3 W m−2 to radiative forcing and represent a nearly 43% increase since 1990. Carbon dioxide is responsible for about 65% of this radiative forcing. With a weak La Niña in early 2018 transitioning to a weak El Niño by the year's end, the global surface (land and ocean) temperature was the fourth highest on record, with only 2015 through 2017 being warmer. Several European countries reported record high annual temperatures. There were also more high, and fewer low, temperature extremes than in nearly all of the 68-year extremes record. Madagascar recorded a record daily temperature of 40.5°C in Morondava in March, while South Korea set its record high of 41.0°C in August in Hongcheon. Nawabshah, Pakistan, recorded its highest temperature of 50.2°C, which may be a new daily world record for April. Globally, the annual lower troposphere temperature was third to seventh highest, depending on the dataset analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was approximately fifth lowest. The 2018 Arctic land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981-2010 average, tying for third highest in the 118-year record, following 2016 and 2017. June's Arctic snow cover extent was almost half of what it was 35 years ago. Across Greenland, however, regional summer temperatures were generally below or near average. Additionally, a satellite survey of 47 glaciers in Greenland indicated a net increase in area for the first time since records began in 1999. Increasing permafrost temperatures were reported at most observation sites in the Arctic, with the overall increase of 0.1°-0.2°C between 2017 and 2018 being comparable to the highest rate of warming ever observed in the region. On 17 March, Arctic sea ice extent marked the second smallest annual maximum in the 38-year record, larger than only 2017. The minimum extent in 2018 was reached on 19 September and again on 23 September, tying 2008 and 2010 for the sixth lowest extent on record. The 23 September date tied 1997 as the latest sea ice minimum date on record. First-year ice now dominates the ice cover, comprising 77% of the March 2018 ice pack compared to 55% during the 1980s. Because thinner, younger ice is more vulnerable to melting out in summer, this shift in sea ice age has contributed to the decreasing trend in minimum ice extent. Regionally, Bering Sea ice extent was at record lows for almost the entire 2017/18 ice season. For the Antarctic continent as a whole, 2018 was warmer than average. On the highest points of the Antarctic Plateau, the automatic weather station Relay (74°S) broke or tied six monthly temperature records throughout the year, with August breaking its record by nearly 8°C. However, cool conditions in the western Bellingshausen Sea and Amundsen Sea sector contributed to a low melt season overall for 2017/18. High SSTs contributed to low summer sea ice extent in the Ross and Weddell Seas in 2018, underpinning the second lowest Antarctic summer minimum sea ice extent on record. Despite conducive conditions for its formation, the ozone hole at its maximum extent in September was near the 2000-18 mean, likely due to an ongoing slow decline in stratospheric chlorine monoxide concentration. Across the oceans, globally averaged SST decreased slightly since the record El Niño year of 2016 but was still far above the climatological mean. On average, SST is increasing at a rate of 0.10° ± 0.01°C decade−1 since 1950. The warming appeared largest in the tropical Indian Ocean and smallest in the North Pacific. The deeper ocean continues to warm year after year. For the seventh consecutive year, global annual mean sea level became the highest in the 26-year record, rising to 81 mm above the 1993 average. As anticipated in a warming climate, the hydrological cycle over the ocean is accelerating: dry regions are becoming drier and wet regions rainier. Closer to the equator, 95 named tropical storms were observed during 2018, well above the 1981-2010 average of 82. Eleven tropical cyclones reached Saffir-Simpson scale Category 5 intensity. North Atlantic Major Hurricane Michael's landfall intensity of 140 kt was the fourth strongest for any continental U.S. hurricane landfall in the 168-year record. Michael caused more than 30 fatalities and $25 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages. In the western North Pacific, Super Typhoon Mangkhut led to 160 fatalities and $6 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages across the Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Tropical Storm Son-Tinh was responsible for 170 fatalities in Vietnam and Laos. Nearly all the islands of Micronesia experienced at least moderate impacts from various tropical cyclones. Across land, many areas around the globe received copious precipitation, notable at different time scales. Rodrigues and Réunion Island near southern Africa each reported their third wettest year on record. In Hawaii, 1262 mm precipitation at Waipā Gardens (Kauai) on 14-15 April set a new U.S. record for 24-h precipitation. In Brazil, the city of Belo Horizonte received nearly 75 mm of rain in just 20 minutes, nearly half its monthly average. Globally, fire activity during 2018 was the lowest since the start of the record in 1997, with a combined burned area of about 500 million hectares. This reinforced the long-term downward trend in fire emissions driven by changes in land use in frequently burning savannas. However, wildfires burned 3.5 million hectares across the United States, well above the 2000-10 average of 2.7 million hectares. Combined, U.S. wildfire damages for the 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons exceeded $40 billion (U.S. dollars).
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. A Comparison of the Variability and Changes in Global Ocean Heat Content from Multiple Objective Analysis Products during the Argo Period.

Author: XINFENG LIANG, CHAO LIU, PONTE, RUI M., and CHAMBERS, DON P.
Subjects: ENTHALPY, EL Nino, OCEAN, SOUTHERN oscillation
Abstract: Ocean heat content (OHC) is key to estimating the energy imbalance of the Earth system. Over the past two decades, an increasing number of OHC studies were conducted using oceanic objective analysis (OA) products. Here we perform an intercomparison of OHC from eight OA products with a focus on their robust features and significant differences over the Argo period (2005-19), when the most reliable global-scale oceanic measurements are available. For the global ocean, robust warming in the upper 2000m is confirmed. The 0-300-m layer shows the highest warming rate but is heavily modulated by interannual variability, particularly El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The 300-700- and 700-2000-m layers, on the other hand, show unabated warming. Regionally, the Southern Ocean and midlatitude North Atlantic show a substantial OHC increase, and the subpolar North Atlantic displays an OHC decrease. A few apparent differences in OHC among the examined OA products were identified. In particular, temporal means of a few OA products that incorporated other ocean measurements besides Argo show a global-scale cooling difference, which is likely related to the baseline climatology fields used to generate those products. Large differences also appear in the interannual variability in the Southern Ocean and in the long-term trends in the subpolar North Atlantic. These differences remind us of the possibility of product-dependent conclusions on OHC variations. Caution is therefore warranted when using merely one OA product to conduct OHC studies, particularly in regions and on time scales that display significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Improvement in Geoid Models for Ocean Circulation Studies

Author: Tapley, Byron D, Chambers, Don P, Poole, Steve, and Ries, John c
Subjects: Oceanography
Abstract: At wavelengths of 500 km and longer, the GRACE GGM01 Model produces a significantly better marine geoid than any previous model. This conclusion follows from evaluating the geostrophic currents determined by combining the model with a mean sea surface from altimetry. The agreement with currents computed from a traditional hydrographic map is very close, which suggests that one of the primary missions of the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission, to determine the absolute dynamic ocean topography, may soon be met. This solution has been made available to the public at http://www.csr.utexs.edu/grace/gravity. The results reported in this paper have been presented at the 2003 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly. Two articles are currently being prepared for Geophysical Research Letters to summarize these results.
Published: 2003

45. An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet

Author: Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M J, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Marine and Atmospheric Research
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Firn, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Elevation, Greenland ice sheet, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), Glacier, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ice-sheet model, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Modelling and Simulation, Climate model, Gravimetry, Ice sheet, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We propose a new ice sheet model validation framework – the Cryospheric Model Comparison Tool (CmCt) – that takes advantage of ice sheet altimetry and gravimetry observations collected over the past several decades and is applied here to modeling of the Greenland ice sheet. We use realistic simulations performed with the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) along with two idealized, non-dynamic models to demonstrate the framework and its use. Dynamic simulations with CISM are forced from 1991 to 2013, using combinations of reanalysis-based surface mass balance and observations of outlet glacier flux change. We propose and demonstrate qualitative and quantitative metrics for use in evaluating the different model simulations against the observations. We find that the altimetry observations used here are largely ambiguous in terms of their ability to distinguish one simulation from another. Based on basin-scale and whole-ice-sheet-scale metrics, we find that simulations using both idealized conceptual models and dynamic, numerical models provide an equally reasonable representation of the ice sheet surface (mean elevation differences of
Published: 2018

46. Global sea-level budget 1993–present

Author: Group, WCRP Global Sea Level Budget, Cazenave, Anny, Meyssignac, Benoit, Ablain, Michael, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Bamber, Jonathan, Barletta, Valentina Roberta, Beckley, Brian, Benveniste, Jérôme, Berthier, Etienne, Blazquez, Alejandro, Boyer , Tim, Caceres , Denise, Chambers, Don P., Champollion, Nicolas, Chao , Ben, Chen , Jianli, Cheng , Lijing, Church , John A., Chuter, Stephen, Cogley , J. Graham, Dangendorf , Soenke, Desbruyères , Damien, Döll , Petra, Domingues, Catia, Falk , Ulrike, Famiglietti , James, Fenoglio-Marc, Luciana, Forsberg, René, Galassi , Gaia, Gardner, Alex, Groh, Andreas, Hamlington , Benjamin, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Humphrey , Vincent, Husson , Laurent, Ishii , Masayoshi, Jaeggi , Adrian, Jevrejeva , Svetlana, Johnson , Gregory, Kolodziejczyk , Nicolas, Kusche , Jürgen, Lambeck , Kurt, Landerer , Felix, Leclercq , Paul, Legresy , Benoit, Leuliette , Eric, Llovel, William, Longuevergne , Laurent, Loomis , Bryant D., Luthcke, Scott B, Marcos, Marta, Marzeion , Ben, Merchant , Chris, Merrifield , Mark, Milne, Glenn, Mitchum , Gary, Mohajerani, Yara, Monier , Maeva, Monselesan , Didier, Nerem , Steve, Palanisamy , Hindumathi, Paul, Frank, Pérez, Begona, Piecuch , Christopher G., Ponte , Rui M., Purkey , Sarah G., Reager , John T., Rietbroek , Roelof, Rignot, Eric, Riva, Riccardo, Roemmich , Dean H., Sørensen, Louise Sandberg, Sasgen, Ingo, Schram, E.J.O., Seneviratne , Sonia I., Shum, C.K., Spada, Giorgio, Stammer, Detlef, van de Wal , Roderic, Velicogna, Isabella, von Schuckmann, Karina, Wada, Yoshihide, Wang , Yiguo, Watson, Christopher S., Wiese, David, Wijffels , Susan, Westaway , Richard, Woppelmann, Guy, Wouters, Bert, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Space Science Institute [Bern] (ISSI), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Universität Siegen [Siegen], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), National Oceanographic Centre [Liverpool] (NOC ), Australian National University (ANU), CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hubrecht Institute [Utrecht, Netherlands], University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Cazenave, Anny, Meyssignac, Benoit, Ablain, Michael, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Bamber, Jonathan, Barletta, Valentina, Beckley, Brian, Benveniste, Jérôme, Berthier, Etienne, Blazquez, Alejandro, Boyer, Tim, Caceres, Denise, Chambers, Don, Champollion, Nicola, Chao, Ben, Chen, Jianli, Cheng, Lijing, Church, John A., Chuter, S., Cogley, J., Dangendorf, Soenke, Desbruyères, Damien, Döll, Petra, Domingues, Catia, Falk, Ulrike, Famiglietti, Jame, Fenoglio-Marc, Luciana, Forsberg, Rene, Galassi, Gaia, Gardner, Alex, Groh, Andrea, Hamlington, Benjamin, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Humphrey, Vincent, Husson, Laurent, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jaeggi, Adrian, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Johnson, Gregory, Kolodziejczyk, Nicola, Kusche, Jürgen, Lambeck, Kurt, Landerer, Felix, Leclercq, Paul, Legresy, Benoit, Leuliette, Eric, Llovel, William, Longuevergne, Laurent, Loomis, Bryant D., Luthcke, Scott B., Marcos, Marta, Marzeion, Ben, Merchant, Chri, Merrifield, Mark, Milne, Glenn, Mitchum, Gary, Mohajerani, Yara, Monier, Maeva, Monselesan, Didier, Nerem, Steve, Palanisamy, Hindumathi, Paul, Frank, Perez, Begoña, Piecuch, Christopher G., Ponte, Rui M., Purkey, Sarah G., Reager, John T., Rietbroek, Roelof, Rignot, Eric, Riva, Riccardo, Roemmich, Dean H., Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Sasgen, Ingo, Schrama, E. J. O., Seneviratne, Sonia I., Shum, C. K., Spada, Giorgio, Stammer, Detlef, van de Wal, Roderic, Velicogna, Isabella, von Schuckmann, Karina, Wada, Yoshihide, Wang, Yiguo, Watson, Christopher, Wiese, David, Wijffels, Susan, Westaway, Richard, Woppelmann, Guy, and Wouters, Bert
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), sea level, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, SDG 13 - Climate Action, sea level, sea level change, gauge records, 14. Life underwater, Altimeter, Sea level, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 520 Astronomy, Global warming, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Glacier, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, gauge records, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, GlobalMass, Ice sheet, sea level change
Abstract: Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows changes (e.g., acceleration) to be detected in one or more components. Study of the sea-level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitledRegional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts, an international effort involving the sea-level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various datasets used to estimate components of the sea-level budget during the altimetry era (1993 to present). These datasets are based on the combination of a broad range of space-based and in situ observations, model estimates, and algorithms. Evaluating their quality, quantifying uncertainties and identifying sources of discrepancies between component estimates is extremely useful for various applications in climate research. This effort involves several tens of scientists from about 50 research teams/institutions worldwide (www.wcrp-climate.org/grand-challenges/gc-sea-level, last access: 22 August 2018). The results presented in this paper are a synthesis of the first assessment performed during 2017–2018. We present estimates of the altimetry-based global mean sea level (average rate of 3.1 ± 0.3 mm yr−1and acceleration of 0.1 mm yr−2over 1993–present), as well as of the different components of the sea-level budget (http://doi.org/10.17882/54854, last access: 22 August 2018). We further examine closure of the sea-level budget, comparing the observed global mean sea level with the sum of components. Ocean thermal expansion, glaciers, Greenland and Antarctica contribute 42 %, 21 %, 15 % and 8 % to the global mean sea level over the 1993–present period. We also study the sea-level budget over 2005–present, using GRACE-based ocean mass estimates instead of the sum of individual mass components. Our results demonstrate that the global mean sea level can be closed to within 0.3 mm yr−1(1σ). Substantial uncertainty remains for the land water storage component, as shown when examining individual mass contributions to sea level.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. State of the climate in 2017

Author: Abernethy, R., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Alfaro, Eric J., Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Anderson, John, Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, Anthony, Armitage, C., Arndt, Derek S., Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, César, Báez, Julián, Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Behe, Carolina, Bell, Gerald D., Bellouin, Nicolas, Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bouchon, Marilú, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Ethan C., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Castro, Anabel, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. S., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A.S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Crouch, Jake, Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davis, Sean M., Davletshin, S. G., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A.M., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., De Laat, Jos, De Gasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Deline, P., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Domingues, Ricardo, Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Eakin, C. Mark, El Kharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Geiger, Erick F., Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Gomez, Andrea M., Goni, Gustavo, Grooß, Jens Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles P., Gugliemin, Mario, Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, Dimitri, Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, Ian, Hartfield, Gail, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, Rafael, Hernández, Sosa Marieta, Heron, Scott F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu Peng, Hobbs, William R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, Boyin, Hubert, Daan, Hueuzé, Céline, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, Iolanda, Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaac, Victor, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, Erdem M., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lander, Mark A., Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, S. E., Lee, T. C., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Li, Tim, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I. I., Mears, Carl A., Liu, Gang, Li, Bailing, Liu, Hongxing, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., López, Luis A., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, Gloria L., Marcellin, Vernie, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marín, Dora, Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, Alejandra G., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Martínez-Sánchez, Odalys, Marsh, Benjamin L., Lyman, John M., Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M. F., McCarthy, Mark, Meier, W., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Mekonnen, Ademe, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Ben, Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Sukarni, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mosquera-Vásquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Müller, Rolf, Myneni, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, L., Newman, Paul A., Nielsen-Gammon, John W., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben E., O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Osborne, Emily, Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, T., Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pastor Saavedra, Maria Asuncion, Paterson, Andrew M., Paulik, Christoph, Pearce, Petra R., Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Peng, Liang, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, Don, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Ricker, R., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Camino, Ernesto, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Rösner, Benjamin, Roth, Chris, Roth, David Mark, Rusak, James A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, Jean Bapiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Silow, Eugene, Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Skirving, William J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spence, Jacqueline M., Spillane, Sandra, Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stanitski, Diane M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Strong, Alan E., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Sutton, Adrienne J., Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kenneth S., Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, Philip, Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timmermans, M. L., TImofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle V., Tobin, Skie, Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S.W., Van Der Ronald, J. A., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velden, Christopher S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vickers, H., Vincent, Lucie A., Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Ray, Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Webster, M., Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Widlansky, Matthew J., Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yoon, Huang, York, A., Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai Min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus G., Griffin, Jessicca, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Slagle, Mary, Sprain, Mara, Veasey, Sara W., McVicar, Tim R., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, LS Religiewetenschap, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Zonder bezoldiging NED, LS Taalverwerving, Leerstoel Tubergen, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Afd Pharmacology, Dep IRAS, Marine and Atmospheric Research, and OFR - Religious Studies
Subjects: Atmospheric Science
Abstract: In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina-the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan's all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981-2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values reported in much of Alaska and northwestern Canada. In August, high sea surface temperature (SST) records were broken for the Chukchi Sea, with some regions as warm as +11°C, or 3° to 4°C warmer than the longterm mean (1982-present). According to paleoclimate studies, today's abnormally warm Arctic air and SSTs have not been observed in the last 2000 years. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 7 March, sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, covering 8% less area than the 1981-2010 average. The Arctic sea ice minimum on 13 September was the eighth lowest on record and covered 25% less area than the long-term mean. Preliminary data indicate that glaciers across the world lost mass for the 38th consecutive year on record; the declines are remarkably consistent from region to region. Cumulatively since 1980, this loss is equivalent to slicing 22 meters off the top of the average glacier. Antarctic sea ice extent remained below average for all of 2017, with record lows during the first four months. Over the continent, the austral summer seasonal melt extent and melt index were the second highest since 2005, mostly due to strong positive anomalies of air temperature over most of the West Antarctic coast. In contrast, the East Antarctic Plateau saw record low mean temperatures in March. The year was also distinguished by the second smallest Antarctic ozone hole observed since 1988. Across the global oceans, the overall long-term SST warming trend remained strong. Although SST cooled slightly from 2016 to 2017, the last three years produced the three highest annual values observed; these high anomalies have been associated with widespread coral bleaching. The most recent global coral bleaching lasted three full years, June 2014 to May 2017, and was the longest, most widespread, and almost certainly most destructive such event on record. Global integrals of 0-700-m and 0-2000-m ocean heat content reached record highs in 2017, and global mean sea level during the year became the highest annual average in the 25-year satellite altimetry record, rising to 77 mm above the 1993 average. In the tropics, 2017 saw 85 named tropical storms, slightly above the 1981-2010 average of 82. The North Atlantic basin was the only basin that featured an above-normal season, its seventh most active in the 164-year record. Three hurricanes in the basin were especially notable. Harvey produced record rainfall totals in areas of Texas and Louisiana, including a storm total of 1538.7 mm near Beaumont, Texas, which far exceeds the previous known U.S. tropical cyclone record of 1320.8 mm. Irma was the strongest tropical cyclone globally in 2017 and the strongest Atlantic hurricane outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on record with maximum winds of 295 km h-1. Maria caused catastrophic destruction across the Caribbean Islands, including devastating wind damage and flooding across Puerto Rico. Elsewhere, the western North Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were all particularly quiet. Precipitation over global land areas in 2017 was clearly above the long-term average. Among noteworthy regional precipitation records in 2017, Russia reported its second wettest year on record (after 2013) and Norway experienced its sixth wettest year since records began in 1900. Across India, heavy rain and flood-related incidents during the monsoon season claimed around 800 lives. In August and September, above-normal precipitation triggered the most devastating floods in more than a decade in the Venezuelan states of Bolívar and Delta Amacuro. In Nigeria, heavy rain during August and September caused the Niger and Benue Rivers to overflow, bringing floods that displaced more than 100 000 people. Global fire activity was the lowest since at least 2003; however, high activity occurred in parts of North America, South America, and Europe, with an unusually long season in Spain and Portugal, which had their second and third driest years on record, respectively. Devastating fires impacted British Columbia, destroying 1.2 million hectares of timber, bush, and grassland, due in part to the region's driest summer on record. In the United States, an extreme western wildfire season burned over 4 million hectares; the total costs of $18 billion tripled the previous U.S. annual wildfire cost record set in 1991.
Published: 2018

48. State of the Climate in 2017

Author: Arndt, D. S., Blunden, J., Hartfield, G., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, Robert, Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Andreassen, L. M., Argueez, Anthony, Arndt, Derek S., Azorin-molina, Cesar, Baez, Julian, Bardin, M. U., Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Bell, Gerald D., Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Ming-dean, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -s., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A. S., Coldewey-egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Crouch, Jake, Davis, Sean M., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A. M., De Laat, Jos, Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J. H., Dutton, Geoff S., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farrell, S., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Grooss, J. -u., Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles, Gupta, S. K., Gutierrez, J. M., Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hanssen-bauer, I, Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Jr., Hendricks, S., Hernandez, Marieta, Hernandez, Rafael, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, William R., Huang, Boyin, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, I., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jimenez, C., Jin Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, B., Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. -j., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landschuetzer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lazzara, Matthew A., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I-i, Liu, Hongxing, Liu, Yinghui, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-jia, Luojus, K., Lyman, John M., Macias-fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, G., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martinez-gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccabe, M. F., Mccarthy, M., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Meier, W., Mekonnen, A., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Srkani, Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Muehle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, Louise, Newman, Paul A., Nieto, Juan Jose, Noetzli, Jeannette, O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, E-hyung, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-ramirez, Reynaldo, Paterson, Andrew M., Pearce, Petra R., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Remy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richter-menge, J., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rusak, James A., Sallee, Jean-bapiste, Sanchez-lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Iii, Schuur, Ted, Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Signorini, Sergio R., Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Spence, Jaqueline M., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, Jose L., Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Sun-mack, Sunny, Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, L., Thompson, Philip R., Timmermans, M. -l., Tobin, Skie, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S. W., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vincent, Lucie A., Voemel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Chunzai, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Sheng-hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Weller, Robert A., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Ziemke, Jerry R., Abernethy, R., Albanil, Encarnacion Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Aliaga-nestares, Vannia, Anderson, John, Armitage, C., Avalos, Grinia, Behe, Carolina, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bernhard, G. H., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bolmgren, K., Bouchon, Marilu, Campbell, Ethan C., Castro, Anabel, Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davletshin, S. G., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., Deline, P., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Dickerson, C., Domingues, Ricardo, Durre, Imke, Eakin, C. Mark, Farmer, J., Fauchald, P., Geiger, Erick F., Gomez, Andrea M., Gugliemin, Mario, Hansen, K., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Heron, Scott F., Heuze, C., Horstkotte, T., Hubert, Daan, Hueuze, Celine, Ibrahim, M. M., Isaac, Victor, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Karakoylu, Erdem M., Khan, M. S., Ladd, C., Lavado-casimiro, Waldo, Lee, S. -e, Lee, T. C., Li, Bailing, Li, Tim, Lopez, Luis A., Luthcke, S., Marcellin, Vernie, Marin, Dora, Marsh, Benjamin L., Martin, A, Martinez, Alejandra G., Martinez-sanchez, Odalys, Meijers, Andrew J. S., Miller, Ben, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Mosquera-vasquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Nielsen-gammon, John W., Noll, Ben E., Osborne, Emily, Pastor, Saavedra Maria Asuncion, Paulik, Christoph, Peltier, Alexandre, Pinzon, J., Po-chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rakotoarimalala, C., Richardson, A. D., Ricker, R, Rodriguez, Camino Ernesto, Rosner, Benjamin, Roth, David Mark, Rutishauser, T., Sasgen, L., Sayad, T. A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Silow, Eugene, Skirving, William J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spillane, Sandra, Stanitski, Diane M., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Strong, Alan E., Sutton, Adrienne J., Takahashi, Kenneth S., Thackeray, S. J., Thomson, Lthorsteinsson T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle, V, Togawa, H., Tommervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trinanes, Joaquin A., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van Der A, Ronald J., Velden, Christopher S., Vickers, H., Webster, M., Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wood, K., Yoon, Huang, York, A., Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., Ziese, Markus G., Arndt, D. S., Blunden, J., Hartfield, G., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, Robert, Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Andreassen, L. M., Argueez, Anthony, Arndt, Derek S., Azorin-molina, Cesar, Baez, Julian, Bardin, M. U., Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Bell, Gerald D., Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Ming-dean, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. -s., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A. S., Coldewey-egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Crouch, Jake, Davis, Sean M., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A. M., De Laat, Jos, Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J. H., Dutton, Geoff S., Elkharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farrell, S., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Grooss, J. -u., Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles, Gupta, S. K., Gutierrez, J. M., Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hanssen-bauer, I, Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Jr., Hendricks, S., Hernandez, Marieta, Hernandez, Rafael, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, William R., Huang, Boyin, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, I., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jimenez, C., Jin Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, B., Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. -j., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landschuetzer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lazzara, Matthew A., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I-i, Liu, Hongxing, Liu, Yinghui, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-jia, Luojus, K., Lyman, John M., Macias-fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, G., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martinez-gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccabe, M. F., Mccarthy, M., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Meier, W., Mekonnen, A., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Srkani, Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Muehle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, Louise, Newman, Paul A., Nieto, Juan Jose, Noetzli, Jeannette, O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, E-hyung, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-ramirez, Reynaldo, Paterson, Andrew M., Pearce, Petra R., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Remy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richter-menge, J., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rusak, James A., Sallee, Jean-bapiste, Sanchez-lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Iii, Schuur, Ted, Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Signorini, Sergio R., Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Spence, Jaqueline M., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, Jose L., Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Sun-mack, Sunny, Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, L., Thompson, Philip R., Timmermans, M. -l., Tobin, Skie, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S. W., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vincent, Lucie A., Voemel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Chunzai, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Sheng-hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Weller, Robert A., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Ziemke, Jerry R., Abernethy, R., Albanil, Encarnacion Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Aliaga-nestares, Vannia, Anderson, John, Armitage, C., Avalos, Grinia, Behe, Carolina, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bernhard, G. H., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bolmgren, K., Bouchon, Marilu, Campbell, Ethan C., Castro, Anabel, Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davletshin, S. G., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., Deline, P., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Dickerson, C., Domingues, Ricardo, Durre, Imke, Eakin, C. Mark, Farmer, J., Fauchald, P., Geiger, Erick F., Gomez, Andrea M., Gugliemin, Mario, Hansen, K., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Heron, Scott F., Heuze, C., Horstkotte, T., Hubert, Daan, Hueuze, Celine, Ibrahim, M. M., Isaac, Victor, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Karakoylu, Erdem M., Khan, M. S., Ladd, C., Lavado-casimiro, Waldo, Lee, S. -e, Lee, T. C., Li, Bailing, Li, Tim, Lopez, Luis A., Luthcke, S., Marcellin, Vernie, Marin, Dora, Marsh, Benjamin L., Martin, A, Martinez, Alejandra G., Martinez-sanchez, Odalys, Meijers, Andrew J. S., Miller, Ben, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Mosquera-vasquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Nielsen-gammon, John W., Noll, Ben E., Osborne, Emily, Pastor, Saavedra Maria Asuncion, Paulik, Christoph, Peltier, Alexandre, Pinzon, J., Po-chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rakotoarimalala, C., Richardson, A. D., Ricker, R, Rodriguez, Camino Ernesto, Rosner, Benjamin, Roth, David Mark, Rutishauser, T., Sasgen, L., Sayad, T. A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Silow, Eugene, Skirving, William J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spillane, Sandra, Stanitski, Diane M., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Strong, Alan E., Sutton, Adrienne J., Takahashi, Kenneth S., Thackeray, S. J., Thomson, Lthorsteinsson T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle, V, Togawa, H., Tommervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trinanes, Joaquin A., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van Der A, Ronald J., Velden, Christopher S., Vickers, H., Webster, M., Westberry, Toby K., Widlansky, Matthew J., Wood, K., Yoon, Huang, York, A., Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., and Ziese, Markus G.
Abstract: In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide— reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth’s surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina—the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan’s all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981–2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values r
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. State of the climate in 2017

Author: Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, LS Religiewetenschap, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Zonder bezoldiging NED, LS Taalverwerving, Leerstoel Tubergen, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Afd Pharmacology, Dep IRAS, Marine and Atmospheric Research, OFR - Religious Studies, Abernethy, R., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Alfaro, Eric J., Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Anderson, John, Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, Anthony, Armitage, C., Arndt, Derek S., Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, César, Báez, Julián, Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Behe, Carolina, Bell, Gerald D., Bellouin, Nicolas, Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bouchon, Marilú, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Ethan C., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Castro, Anabel, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. S., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A.S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Crouch, Jake, Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davis, Sean M., Davletshin, S. G., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A.M., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., De Laat, Jos, De Gasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Deline, P., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Domingues, Ricardo, Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Eakin, C. Mark, El Kharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Geiger, Erick F., Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Gomez, Andrea M., Goni, Gustavo, Grooß, Jens Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles P., Gugliemin, Mario, Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, Dimitri, Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, Ian, Hartfield, Gail, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, Rafael, Hernández, Sosa Marieta, Heron, Scott F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu Peng, Hobbs, William R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, Boyin, Hubert, Daan, Hueuzé, Céline, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, Iolanda, Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaac, Victor, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, Erdem M., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lander, Mark A., Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, S. E., Lee, T. C., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Li, Tim, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I. I., Mears, Carl A., Liu, Gang, Li, Bailing, Liu, Hongxing, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., López, Luis A., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, Gloria L., Marcellin, Vernie, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marín, Dora, Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, Alejandra G., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Martínez-Sánchez, Odalys, Marsh, Benjamin L., Lyman, John M., Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M. F., McCarthy, Mark, Meier, W., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Mekonnen, Ademe, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Ben, Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Sukarni, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mosquera-Vásquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Müller, Rolf, Myneni, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, L., Newman, Paul A., Nielsen-Gammon, John W., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben E., O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Osborne, Emily, Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, T., Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pastor Saavedra, Maria Asuncion, Paterson, Andrew M., Paulik, Christoph, Pearce, Petra R., Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Peng, Liang, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, Don, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Ricker, R., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Camino, Ernesto, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Rösner, Benjamin, Roth, Chris, Roth, David Mark, Rusak, James A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, Jean Bapiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Silow, Eugene, Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Skirving, William J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spence, Jacqueline M., Spillane, Sandra, Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stanitski, Diane M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Strong, Alan E., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Sutton, Adrienne J., Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kenneth S., Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, Philip, Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timmermans, M. L., TImofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle V., Tobin, Skie, Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S.W., Van Der Ronald, J. A., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velden, Christopher S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vickers, H., Vincent, Lucie A., Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Ray, Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Webster, M., Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Widlansky, Matthew J., Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yoon, Huang, York, A., Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai Min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus G., Griffin, Jessicca, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Slagle, Mary, Sprain, Mara, Veasey, Sara W., McVicar, Tim R., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, LS Religiewetenschap, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Zonder bezoldiging NED, LS Taalverwerving, Leerstoel Tubergen, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Hafd Faculteitsbureau GW, Afd Pharmacology, Dep IRAS, Marine and Atmospheric Research, OFR - Religious Studies, Abernethy, R., Ackerman, Steven A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, Adelina, Aldeco, Laura S., Alfaro, Eric J., Aliaga-Nestares, Vannia, Allan, Richard P., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Anderson, John, Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, Anthony, Armitage, C., Arndt, Derek S., Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, César, Báez, Julián, Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Baxter, Stephen, Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bedka, Kristopher M., Behe, Carolina, Bell, Gerald D., Bellouin, Nicolas, Belmont, M., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke, J., Blake, Eric S., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bouchon, Marilú, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Ethan C., Campbell, Jayaka D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R., Castro, Anabel, Chambers, Don P., Cheng, Lijing, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, E. S., Clem, Kyle R., Coelho, Caio A.S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R., Copland, L., Costanza, Carol, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Cronin, T., Crouch, Jake, Cruzado, Luis, Daniel, Raychelle, Davis, Sean M., Davletshin, S. G., De Eyto, Elvira, De Jeu, Richard A.M., De La Cour, Jacqueline L., De Laat, Jos, De Gasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Deline, P., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Dewitte, Boris, Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, Larry, Diamond, Howard J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dokulil, Martin T., Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Domingues, Ricardo, Donat, Markus G., Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Eakin, C. Mark, El Kharrim, M., Elkins, James W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, Jhan C., Famiglietti, James S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, Richard A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, X., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris, Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Francis, S. D., Franz, Bryan A., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Ganter, Catherine, Geiger, Erick F., Gerland, S., Gilson, John, Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Gomez, Andrea M., Goni, Gustavo, Grooß, Jens Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Guard, Charles P., Gugliemin, Mario, Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, Dimitri, Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leo, Hall, Brad D., Halpert, Michael S., Hamlington, Benjamin D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, Ian, Hartfield, Gail, Heidinger, Andrew K., Heim, Richard R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, Rafael, Hernández, Sosa Marieta, Heron, Scott F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Ho, Shu Peng, Hobbs, William R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, Boyin, Hubert, Daan, Hueuzé, Céline, Hurst, Dale F., Ialongo, Iolanda, Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, Antje, Isaac, Victor, Isaksen, K., Ishii, Masayoshi, Jacobs, Stephanie J., Jeffries, Martin O., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Jiménez, C., Jin, Xiangze, John, Viju, Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Kenneth S., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, Erdem M., Kato, Seiji, Kazemi, A., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Killick, Rachel, Kim, Hyungjun, Kim, S. J., Klotzbach, Philip J., Knaff, John A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, Johanna, Korshunova, Natalia N., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, D. P., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lander, Mark A., Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, S. E., Lee, T. C., Leuliette, Eric, L'Heureux, Michelle, Li, Tim, Lieser, Jan L., Lin, I. I., Mears, Carl A., Liu, Gang, Li, Bailing, Liu, Hongxing, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., López, Luis A., Lorrey, Andrew M., Loyola, Diego, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing Jia, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, Gloria L., Marcellin, Vernie, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, José A., Marín, Dora, Marra, John J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, Alejandra G., Martínez-Güingla, Rodney, Martínez-Sánchez, Odalys, Marsh, Benjamin L., Lyman, John M., Massom, Robert A., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew, McBride, Charlotte, McCabe, M. F., McCarthy, Mark, Meier, W., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Mekonnen, Ademe, Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Meredith, Michael P., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Ben, Miralles, Diego G., Mitchum, Gary T., Mitro, Sukarni, Moat, Ben, Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, Didier, Montzka, Stephen A., Mora, Natalie, Morice, Colin, Mosquera-Vásquez, Kobi, Mostafa, Awatif E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Müller, Rolf, Myneni, R., Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newman, L., Newman, Paul A., Nielsen-Gammon, John W., Nieto, Juan José, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben E., O'Neel, S., Osborn, Tim J., Osborne, Emily, Overland, J., Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Park, T., Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pastor Saavedra, Maria Asuncion, Paterson, Andrew M., Paulik, Christoph, Pearce, Petra R., Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Peng, Liang, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Perovich, Don, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, C., Phillips, David, Phoenix, G., Pinty, Bernard, Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quispe, Nelson, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, Darren, Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Reimer, Christoph, Rémy, Samuel, Revadekar, Jayashree V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Ricker, R., Rimmer, Alon, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Camino, Ernesto, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Rösner, Benjamin, Roth, Chris, Roth, David Mark, Rusak, James A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, Jean Bapiste, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffrey, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schreck, Carl J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, M., Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Nikolai I., Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Siegel, David A., Silow, Eugene, Sima, Fatou, Simmons, Adrian J., Skirving, William J., Smeed, David A., Smeets, C. J.P.P., Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, B., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Spence, Jacqueline M., Spillane, Sandra, Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stanitski, Diane M., Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stella, José L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, Kimberly, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Strahan, Susan, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Strong, Alan E., Sun-Mack, Sunny, Sutton, Adrienne J., Swart, Sebastiaan, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kenneth S., Tamar, Gerard, Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, Philip, Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, Bertrand, Timmermans, M. L., TImofeyev, Maxim A., Tirak, Kyle V., Tobin, Skie, Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, Kleareti, Trachte, Katja, Trewin, Blair C., Triñanes, Joaquin A., Trotman, Adrian R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, Mari R., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S.W., Van Der Ronald, J. A., Van Der Schalie, Robin, Van Der Schrier, Gerard, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., Velden, Christopher S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, Piet, Vickers, H., Vincent, Lucie A., Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wagner, Wolfgang, Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, Bin, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, M., Wang, Ray, Wang, Sheng Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Shohei, Weber, Mark, Webster, M., Weller, Robert A., Westberry, Toby K., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Whitewood, Robert, Widlansky, Matthew J., Wiese, David N., Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Willis, Josh K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. Iestyn, Wouters, B., Xue, Yan, Yin, Xungang, Yoon, Huang, York, A., Yu, Lisan, Zambrano, Eduardo, Zhang, Huai Min, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhao, Lin, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziel, R., Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus G., Griffin, Jessicca, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Riddle, Deborah B., Slagle, Mary, Sprain, Mara, Veasey, Sara W., and McVicar, Tim R.
Published: 2018

50. Storm Surge Reconstruction and Return Water Level Estimation in Southeast Asia for the 20th Century

Author: Cid, Alba, Wahl, Thomas, Chambers, Don P., Muis, Sanne, Cid, Alba, Wahl, Thomas, Chambers, Don P., and Muis, Sanne
Abstract: We present a methodology to reconstruct the daily maximum storm surge levels, obtained from tide gauges, based on the surrounding atmospheric conditions from an atmospheric reanalysis (20th Century Reanalysis-20CR). Tide gauge records in Southeast Asia are relatively short, so this area is often underrepresented in studies based on long observational records, and there are just a few studies that have analyzed storm surge trends, variability or return water levels (RWLs) from numerical models in this area. Here we develop, calibrate, and validate a multivariate linear regression model that relates the storm surge with the principal components of the local atmospheric conditions. This allows us to reconstruct storm surges for the 147 year 20CR period (1866-2012) and therefore to calculate more robust RWLs from the entire simulated data set and subsets thereof. RWLs are obtained by fitting the monthly maxima values to the Generalize Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. We find an increase in the 50 year RWL from the second half of the 19th century to the present unrelated to mean sea level; this increase is less noticeable when comparing only recent periods. Therefore, further research is needed since there is evidence that atmospheric reanalyses can include spurious trends in the late 19th and early 20th. RWLs obtained from the statistical reconstruction are validated against the ones obtained from observations and from a numerical model. Agreements are generally higher when using surge levels from the statistical model, even before its calibration.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

254 results on '"Chambers, Don P"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources