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3. Clinical Characterization of Patients With COPD- Bronchiectasis Overlap: Data From the US Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry

Author

Vijaykumar, K., primary, Brunton, A., additional, Chalmers, S., additional, Choate, R., additional, Conrad, D.J., additional, Jakharia, K., additional, Maselli, D.J., additional, Metersky, M.L., additional, Olivier, K.N., additional, Richards, C., additional, Winthrop, K.L., additional, Rowe, S.M., additional, Dransfield, M.T., additional, and Solomon, G.M., additional

Published
2024
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7. Provenance of the Copi North heavy mineral sands deposit, Murray Basin, Australia, based on the geochronology and geochemistry of detrital zircon, rutile and monazite.

Author

Chalmers, S., Zivak, D., Spandler, C., Randle, S., and Walsh, J.

Abstract

Abstract\nKEYPOINTSThe Murray Basin hosts one of the world’s largest strandplain systems and has enormous potential for heavy mineral sand resources of titanium, zircon and rare earth elements. Further discovery of heavy mineral sand deposits can be aided via improved understanding of the source and transport of detrital heavy minerals of the basin. In this study, the provenance of two heavy mineral sand units of the Copi North deposit (western NSW) was determined using U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of detrital zircon, rutile and monazite. Results from the two units are similar, indicating they derive from the same sources. Approximately 42% of the zircon population is aged <470 Ma and is interpreted to have been derived from the Tasmanides. Older zircon populations, up to ca 2.5 Ga, were largely derived from the Adelaide Superbasin and Delamerian Orogen, or from metasedimentary rocks of the Lachlan Orogen. Over 90% of rutile U–Pb ages are between 570 and 450 Ma, correlating either to Delamerian metamorphism or to detrital rutile from the Darling Basin; both sources are supported by rutile geochemistry that is indicative of a metasedimentary source. Most monazites have U–Pb ages of ca 600 Ma, which is consistent with an ultimate source from the Mt Arrowsmith Volcanics and/or Antarctica. A minor proportion of the monazite was sourced from igneous rocks of the New England Orogen. Temporal changes in sediment source regions can be inferred when considering the detrital mineral record for Copi North with other mineral sand deposits of the basin. Older (>ca 6.7 Ma) deposits such as Copi North feature a significant proportion of post-350 Ma detritus, reflecting the important role of the ancestral Darling River in supplying sediment from the north at the earliest stages of Murray Basin development. Post-6.7 Ma deposits lack a major component of detritus for far northern sources, and instead consist of sediment derived dominantly from western (Adelaide Superbasin) and eastern (Lachlan Orogen) sources, the latter delivered via the Murray River.This study presents the first combined geochronological and geochemical analysis of zircon, rutile and monazite from a single heavy mineral sand deposit of the Murray Basin.Mineral geochemistry and geochronology are similar in both heavy mineral sand units of the Copi North deposit.The zircon record at Copi North documents the diversity of source terranes feeding sediment to the early Murray Basin. Rutile and monazite present a more restricted range of ages, consistent with derivation from sources to the west and north of the basin.The oldest mineral sand deposits of the Murray Basin record a much greater role for the ancestral Darling River in supplying sediment for the earliest stages of Murray Basin development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Romiplostim as a treatment for immune thrombocytopenia: a review

Author

Chalmers S and Tarantino MD

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Sarah Chalmers,1,2 Michael D Tarantino1–31University of Illinois College of Medicine – Peoria, 2The Children's Hospital of Illinois, 3The Bleeding and Clotting Disorders Institute, Peoria, Illinois, USAAbstract: “Immune thrombocytopenia” (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to peripheral destruction, as well as a decreased production of platelets. ITP most commonly presents as mild mucocutaneous bleeding. Though it is rare, the leading cause of mortality in persons with ITP is intracranial hemorrhage and those that do not respond to therapy are at increased risk. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of ITP has evolved immensely, especially over the last 60 years. The discovery of the platelet-production stimulator, thrombopoietin (TPO), lent clarity to an earlier hypothesis that inhibition of platelet production at the level of the megakaryocyte, at least in part, accounts for thrombocytopenia in adults with ITP. This facilitated the development of TPO-based therapies to treat ITP. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are one of the most recent treatments to enter the landscape. Original production of a recombinant human TPO was halted after clinical trials revealed the untoward effect of autoantibodies to the recombinant human TPO with cross-reactivity to endogenous TPO. Next-step development focused on stimulation of the TPO receptor with fewer immunogenic agents. Currently, two such thrombopoietin receptor agonists, romiplostim and eltrombopag, are licensed in the USA to treat thrombocytopenia in adults with persistent or chronic ITP. Ongoing research will assess their efficacy in other immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated primary and secondary thrombocytopenias.Keywords: thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin receptor agonist, megakaryocyte, peptibody

Published
2015

20. Sensor-mission assignment in constrained environments

Author

Johnson, M.P., Rowaihy, H., Pizzocaro, D., Bar-Noy, A., Chalmers, S., La Porta, T., and Preece, A.

Subjects
Distributed processing (Computers) -- Analysis, Heuristic programming -- Usage, Resource allocation -- Methods, Wireless sensor networks -- Design and construction, Distributed processing (Computers), Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2010

21. Sunitinib mediates mitochondrial ROS production in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts via CaMKII oxidation

Author

McMullen, CJ, Chalmers, S, Cunningham, MR, and Currie, S

Subjects
RS
Abstract

Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a central mediator of Ca2+-induced signalling in the heart and regulates both normal cardiac physiology and pathology. Sunitinib malate is an oral Type I tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) known to inhibit more than 50 kinases, with anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative effects affiliated with off-target cardiotoxicity. Previous work has shown that chronic sunitinib treatment significantly increases CaMKII expression and activity and this correlates with significant cardiac dysfunction in vivo.1 Mitochondrial dysfunction, mediated by increased mitochondrial Ca2+ and resultant mitochondrial ROS production, has been proposed as an underlying mechanism for TKI-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyocytes.2 However, little is known of how TKIs may affect the non-contractile cells of the heart. Here, we have investigated whether sunitinib treatment increases mitochondrial ROS production in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) and whether CaMKII may play a role in this potential cardiotoxic mechanism

Published
2020

35. Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma

Author

Kim, J, Bowlby, R, Mungall, AJ, Robertson, AG, Odze, RD, Cherniack, AD, Shih, J, Pedamallu, CS, Cibulskis, C, Dunford, A, Meier, SR, Raphael, BJ, Wu, H-T, Wong, AM, Willis, JE, Bass, AJ, Derks, S, Garman, K, McCall, SJ, Wiznerowicz, M, Pantazi, A, Parfenov, M, Thorsson, V, Shmulevich, I, Dhankani, V, Miller, M, Sakai, R, Wang, K, Schultz, N, Shen, R, Arora, A, Weinhold, N, Sanchez-Vega, F, Kelsen, DP, Zhang, J, Felau, I, Demchok, J, Rabkin, CS, Camargo, MC, Zenklusen, JC, Bowen, J, Leraas, K, Lichtenberg, TM, Curtis, C, Seoane, JA, Ojesina, AI, Beer, DG, Gulley, ML, Pennathur, A, Luketich, JD, Zhou, Z, Weisenberger, DJ, Akbani, R, Lee, J-S, Liu, W, Mills, GB, Zhang, W, Reid, BJ, Hinoue, T, Laird, PW, Shen, H, Piazuelo, MB, Schneider, BG, McLellan, M, Taylor-Weiner, A, Lawrence, M, Cibulskis, K, Stewart, C, Getz, G, Lander, E, Gabriel, SB, Ding, L, McLellan, MD, Miller, CA, Appelbaum, EL, Cordes, MG, Fronick, CC, Fulton, LA, Mardis, ER, Wilson, RK, Schmidt, HK, Fulton, RS, Ally, A, Balasundaram, M, Carlsen, R, Chuah, E, Dhalla, N, Holt, RA, Jones, SJM, Kasaian, K, Brooks, D, Li, HI, Ma, Y, Marra, MA, Mayo, M, Moore, RA, Mungall, KL, Schein, JE, Sipahimalani, P, Tam, A, Thiessen, N, Wong, T, Beroukhim, R, Bullman, S, Murray, BA, Saksena, G, Schumacher, SE, Gabriel, S, Meyerson, M, Hadjipanayis, A, Kucherlapati, R, Ren, X, Park, PJ, Lee, S, Kucherlapati, M, Yang, L, Baylin, SB, Hoadley, KA, Bootwalla, MS, Lai, PH, Van den Berg, DJ, Berrios, M, Holbrook, A, Hwang, J-E, Jang, H-J, Weinstein, JN, Lu, Y, Sohn, BH, Mills, G, Seth, S, Protopopov, A, Bristow, CA, Mahadeshwar, HS, Tang, J, Song, X, Cho, J, Defrietas, T, Frazer, S, Gehlenborg, N, Heiman, DI, Lawrence, MS, Lin, P, Noble, MS, Doug, V, Zhang, H, Polak, P, Chin, L, Bernard, B, Iype, L, Reynolds, SM, Abeshouse, A, Armenia, J, Kundra, R, Ladanyi, M, Kjong-Van, L, Gao, J, Sander, C, Chakravarty, D, Radenbaugh, A, Hegde, A, Penny, R, Crain, D, Gardner, J, Curley, E, Mallery, D, Morris, S, Paulauskis, J, Shelton, T, Shelton, C, Frick, J, Gastier-Foster, JM, Gerken, M, Leraas, KM, Ramirez, NC, Wise, L, Zmuda, E, Tarvin, K, Saller, C, Park, YS, Button, M, Carvalho, AL, Reis, RM, Matsushita, MM, Lucchesi, F, de Oliveira, AT, Le, X, Paklina, O, Setdikova, G, Lee, J-H, Bennett, J, Iacocca, M, Huelsenbeck-Dill, L, Potapova, CO, Voronina, O, Liu, O, Fulidou, V, Cates, C, Sharp, A, Behera, M, Force, S, Khuri, F, Owonikoko, T, Pickens, A, Ramalingam, S, Sica, G, Dinjens, W, van Nistelrooij, A, Wijnhoven, B, Sandusky, G, Stepa, S, Juhl, IH, Zornig, C, Kwon, SY, Kelsen, D, Kim, GHK, Bartlett, J, Parfitt, J, Chetty, R, Darling, G, Knox, J, Wong, R, El-Zimaity, H, Liu, G, Boussioutas, A, Park, DY, Kemp, R, Carlotti, CG, da Cunha Tirapelli, DP, Saggioro, FP, Sankarankutty, AK, Noushmehr, H, dos Santos, JS, Trevisan, FA, Eschbacher, J, Dubina, M, Mozgovoy, E, Carey, F, Chalmers, S, Forgie, I, Godwin, A, Reilly, C, Madan, R, Naima, Z, Ferrer-Torres, D, Rathmell, WK, Dhir, R, Luketich, J, Ajani, JA, Janjigian, Y, Tang, L, Cheong, J-H, Chudamani, S, Liu, J, Lolla, L, Naresh, R, Pihl, T, Sun, Q, Wan, Y, Wu, Y, Demchok, JA, Ferguson, ML, Shaw, KRM, sheth, M, Tarnuzzer, R, Wang, Z, Hutter, CM, Sofia, HJ, Kim, J, Bowlby, R, Mungall, AJ, Robertson, AG, Odze, RD, Cherniack, AD, Shih, J, Pedamallu, CS, Cibulskis, C, Dunford, A, Meier, SR, Raphael, BJ, Wu, H-T, Wong, AM, Willis, JE, Bass, AJ, Derks, S, Garman, K, McCall, SJ, Wiznerowicz, M, Pantazi, A, Parfenov, M, Thorsson, V, Shmulevich, I, Dhankani, V, Miller, M, Sakai, R, Wang, K, Schultz, N, Shen, R, Arora, A, Weinhold, N, Sanchez-Vega, F, Kelsen, DP, Zhang, J, Felau, I, Demchok, J, Rabkin, CS, Camargo, MC, Zenklusen, JC, Bowen, J, Leraas, K, Lichtenberg, TM, Curtis, C, Seoane, JA, Ojesina, AI, Beer, DG, Gulley, ML, Pennathur, A, Luketich, JD, Zhou, Z, Weisenberger, DJ, Akbani, R, Lee, J-S, Liu, W, Mills, GB, Zhang, W, Reid, BJ, Hinoue, T, Laird, PW, Shen, H, Piazuelo, MB, Schneider, BG, McLellan, M, Taylor-Weiner, A, Lawrence, M, Cibulskis, K, Stewart, C, Getz, G, Lander, E, Gabriel, SB, Ding, L, McLellan, MD, Miller, CA, Appelbaum, EL, Cordes, MG, Fronick, CC, Fulton, LA, Mardis, ER, Wilson, RK, Schmidt, HK, Fulton, RS, Ally, A, Balasundaram, M, Carlsen, R, Chuah, E, Dhalla, N, Holt, RA, Jones, SJM, Kasaian, K, Brooks, D, Li, HI, Ma, Y, Marra, MA, Mayo, M, Moore, RA, Mungall, KL, Schein, JE, Sipahimalani, P, Tam, A, Thiessen, N, Wong, T, Beroukhim, R, Bullman, S, Murray, BA, Saksena, G, Schumacher, SE, Gabriel, S, Meyerson, M, Hadjipanayis, A, Kucherlapati, R, Ren, X, Park, PJ, Lee, S, Kucherlapati, M, Yang, L, Baylin, SB, Hoadley, KA, Bootwalla, MS, Lai, PH, Van den Berg, DJ, Berrios, M, Holbrook, A, Hwang, J-E, Jang, H-J, Weinstein, JN, Lu, Y, Sohn, BH, Mills, G, Seth, S, Protopopov, A, Bristow, CA, Mahadeshwar, HS, Tang, J, Song, X, Cho, J, Defrietas, T, Frazer, S, Gehlenborg, N, Heiman, DI, Lawrence, MS, Lin, P, Noble, MS, Doug, V, Zhang, H, Polak, P, Chin, L, Bernard, B, Iype, L, Reynolds, SM, Abeshouse, A, Armenia, J, Kundra, R, Ladanyi, M, Kjong-Van, L, Gao, J, Sander, C, Chakravarty, D, Radenbaugh, A, Hegde, A, Penny, R, Crain, D, Gardner, J, Curley, E, Mallery, D, Morris, S, Paulauskis, J, Shelton, T, Shelton, C, Frick, J, Gastier-Foster, JM, Gerken, M, Leraas, KM, Ramirez, NC, Wise, L, Zmuda, E, Tarvin, K, Saller, C, Park, YS, Button, M, Carvalho, AL, Reis, RM, Matsushita, MM, Lucchesi, F, de Oliveira, AT, Le, X, Paklina, O, Setdikova, G, Lee, J-H, Bennett, J, Iacocca, M, Huelsenbeck-Dill, L, Potapova, CO, Voronina, O, Liu, O, Fulidou, V, Cates, C, Sharp, A, Behera, M, Force, S, Khuri, F, Owonikoko, T, Pickens, A, Ramalingam, S, Sica, G, Dinjens, W, van Nistelrooij, A, Wijnhoven, B, Sandusky, G, Stepa, S, Juhl, IH, Zornig, C, Kwon, SY, Kelsen, D, Kim, GHK, Bartlett, J, Parfitt, J, Chetty, R, Darling, G, Knox, J, Wong, R, El-Zimaity, H, Liu, G, Boussioutas, A, Park, DY, Kemp, R, Carlotti, CG, da Cunha Tirapelli, DP, Saggioro, FP, Sankarankutty, AK, Noushmehr, H, dos Santos, JS, Trevisan, FA, Eschbacher, J, Dubina, M, Mozgovoy, E, Carey, F, Chalmers, S, Forgie, I, Godwin, A, Reilly, C, Madan, R, Naima, Z, Ferrer-Torres, D, Rathmell, WK, Dhir, R, Luketich, J, Ajani, JA, Janjigian, Y, Tang, L, Cheong, J-H, Chudamani, S, Liu, J, Lolla, L, Naresh, R, Pihl, T, Sun, Q, Wan, Y, Wu, Y, Demchok, JA, Ferguson, ML, Shaw, KRM, sheth, M, Tarnuzzer, R, Wang, Z, Hutter, CM, and Sofia, HJ

Abstract

Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies.

Published
2017

36. Age decreases mitochondrial motility and increases mitochondrial size in vascular smooth muscle

Author

Chalmers, S., Saunter, C. D., Girkin, J. M., and McCarron, J.G.

Abstract

Mitochondrial function, motility and architecture are each central to cell function. Age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to vascular disease. However, mitochondrial changes in ageing remain ill-defined because of the challenges of imaging in native cells. We determined the structure of mitochondria in live native cells, demarcating boundaries of individual organelles by inducing stochastic ‘flickers’ of membrane potential, recorded as fluctuations in potentiometric fluorophore intensity (flicker-assisted localization microscopy; FaLM). In freshly-isolated myocytes from rat cerebral resistance arteries, FaLM showed a range of mitochondrial X-Y areas in both young adult (3 months; 0.05–6.58 μm2) and aged rats (18 months; 0.05–13.4 μm2). In cells from young animals, most mitochondria were small (mode area 0.051 μm2) compared to aged animals (0.710 μm2). Cells from older animals contained a subpopulation of highly-elongated mitochondria (5.3% were >2 μm long, 4.2% had a length:width ratio >3) that was rare in younger animals (0.15% of mitochondria >2 μm long, 0.4% had length:width ratio >3). The extent of mitochondrial motility also varied. 1/811 mitochondria observed moved slightly (∼0.5 μm) in myocytes from older animals, whereas, in the younger animals, directed and Brownian-like motility occurred regularly (215 of 1135 mitochondria moved within 10 min, up to distance of 12 μm). Mitochondria positioned closer to the cell periphery showed a greater tendency to move. In conclusion, cerebral vascular myocytes from young rats contained small, motile mitochondria. In aged rats, mitochondria were larger, immobile and could be highly-elongated. These age-associated alterations in mitochondrial behaviour may contribute to alterations in cell signalling, energy supply or the onset of proliferation.

Published
2016

39. Terrace width evolution during step-flow growth with multiterrace adatom migration.

Author

Chalmers, S. A., Tsao, J. Y., and Gossard, A. C.

Subjects
*ANISOTROPY, *ASYMMETRY (Chemistry)
Abstract

Presents information on a study which described a computer-solvable model of step-flow growth that includes both anisotropic multiterrace adatom migration and asymmetric step edge attachment. Description of the model; Effects of adatom migration and asymmetric step edge attachment on terrace width evolution; Conclusions.

Published
1993
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40. B cell and/or autoantibody deficiency do not prevent neuropsychiatric disease in murine systemic lupus erythematosus

Author

Wen, J, Doerner, J, Chalmers, S, Stock, A, Wang, H, Gullinello, M, Shlomchik, MJ, Putterman, C, Wen, J, Doerner, J, Chalmers, S, Stock, A, Wang, H, Gullinello, M, Shlomchik, MJ, and Putterman, C

Abstract

Background: Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) can be one of the earliest clinical manifestations in human lupus. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. In lupus, a compromised blood-brain barrier may allow for the passage of circulating autoantibodies into the brain, where they can induce neuropsychiatric abnormalities including depression-like behavior and cognitive abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of B cells and/or autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of murine NPSLE. Methods: We evaluated neuropsychiatric manifestations, brain pathology, and cytokine expression in constitutively (JhD/MRL/lpr) and conditionally (hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr, inducible by tamoxifen) B cell-depleted mice as compared to MRL/lpr lupus mice. Results: We found that autoantibody levels were negligible (JhD/MRL/lpr) or significantly reduced (hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Nevertheless, both JhD/MRL/lpr and hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr mice showed profound depression-like behavior, which was no different from MRL/lpr mice. Cognitive deficits were also observed in both JhD/MRL/lpr and hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr mice, similar to those exhibited by MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, although some differences were dependent on the timing of depletion, central features of NPSLE in the MRL/lpr strain including increased blood-brain barrier permeability, brain cell apoptosis, and upregulated cytokine expression persisted in B cell-deficient and B cell-depleted mice. Conclusions: Our study surprisingly found that B cells and/or autoantibodies are not required for key features of neuropsychiatric disease in murine NPSLE.

Published
2016

41. Sites of Action for Neurotoxic Pesticides

Author

ROBERT M. HOLLINGWORTH, MAURICE B. GREEN, T. A. Miller, A. E. Chalmers, S. C. R. Lummis, R. D. Pinnock, D. B. Sattelle, Rainer Neumann, George Lees, David J. Beadle, Jack A. Benson, Fumio Matsumura, Keiji Tanaka, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Christopher J. Palmer, John E. Casida, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Jeffrey R. Bloom and ROBERT M. HOLLINGWORTH, MAURICE B. GREEN, T. A. Miller, A. E. Chalmers, S. C. R. Lummis, R. D. Pinnock, D. B. Sattelle, Rainer Neumann, George Lees, David J. Beadle, Jack A. Benson, Fumio Matsumura, Keiji Tanaka, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Christopher J. Palmer, John E. Casida, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Jeffrey R. Bloom

Published
1987

42. DECIDE: survey on awareness of NICE guidelines and their implementation

Author

McFarlane, E, Thornton, J, Chalmers, S, Whittingham, E, Sharma, T, and Alderson, P

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Background: The DECIDE study is a five-year collaborative project funded by the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme, designed to research and improve the way healthcare evidence and recommendations are presented in clinical guidelines. Objectives: As part of DECIDE, NICE conducted[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], G-I-N Conference 2012

Published
2012
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44. The Application of Advanced Knowledge Technologies for Emergency Reponse

Author

Potter, S, Kalfoglou, Y, Alani, H, Bachler, M, Buckingham Shum, S J, Carvalho, R, Chakravarthy, A, Chalmers, S, Chapman, S, Hu, B, Preece, A, Shadbolt, N, Tate, Austin, Tuffield, M, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)

Subjects
Informatics, decision support, emergency response, semantic technologies, Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute, computer science, intelligent messaging, sense-making
Abstract

The University of Edinburgh and research sponsors are authorised to reproduce and distribute reprints and on-line copies for their purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation hereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are the author’s and shouldn’t be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of other parties. Making sense of the current state of an emergency and of the response to it is vital if appropriate decisions are to be made. This task involves the acquisition, interpretation and management of information. In this paper we present an integrated system that applies recent ideas and technologies from the fields of Artificial Intelligence and semantic web research to support sense- and decision-making at the tactical response level, and demonstrate it with reference to a hypothetical large-scale emergency scenario. We offer no end-user evaluation of this system; rather, we intend that it should serve as a visionary demonstration of the potential of these technologies for emergency response.

Published
2007

45. The application of advanced knowledge technologies for emergency response

Author

Potter, S., Kalfoglou, Y., Alani, H., Bachler, M., Buckingham Shum, S., Carvalho, R., Chakravarthy, A., Chalmers, S., Chapman, S., Hu, B., Preece, A., Shadbolt, N., Tate, A., and Tuffield, M.

Abstract

Making sense of the current state of an emergency and of the response to it is vital if appropriate decisions are to be made. This task involves the acquisition, interpretation and management of information. In this paper we present an integrated system that applies recent ideas and technologies from the fields of Artificial Intelligence and semantic web research to support sense- and decision-making at the tactical response level, and demonstrate it with reference to a hypothetical large-scale emergency scenario. We offer no end-user evaluation of this system; rather, we intend that it should serve as a visionary demonstration of the potential of these technologies for emergency response.

Published
2007

46. CONOISE-G: Agent-based virtual organisations for the Grid

Author

Patel, J, Teacy, WTL, Jennings, NR, Luck, M, Chalmers, S, Oren, N, Norman, TJ, Preece, A, Gray, PMD, Shercliff, G, Stockreisser, PJ, Shao, J, Gray, WA, Fiddian, NJ, and Thompson, S

Abstract

The ability to create reliable and scalable virtual organisations (VOs) on demand in a dynamic, open and competitive environment is one of the challenges that underlie Grid computing. In response, in the CONOISE-G project, we are developing an infrastructure to support robust and resilient virtual organisation formation and operation. Specifically, CONOISE-G provides mechanisms to assure effective operation of agent-based VOs in the face of disruptive and potentially malicious entities in dynamic, open and competitive environments. In this paper, we describe the CONOISE-G system, outline its use in the context of VO formation and perturbation, and review current efforts to progress the work to deal with unreliable information sources.

Published
2005

47. Monitoring, Policing and Trust for Grid-Based Virtual Organisations

Author

Patel, J., Teacy, W. T. L., Jennings, N. R., Michael Luck, Chalmers, S., Oren, N., Norman, T. J., Preece, A., Gray, P. M. D., Shercliff, G., Stockreisser, P. J., Shao, J., Gray, W. A., Fiddian, N. J., and Thompson, S.

Abstract

A key challenge in Grid Computing is the ability to create reliable and scalable virtual organisations (VOs) which operate in an open, dynamic and competitive environment. In response, in the CONOISE-G project, we are developing an infrastructure to support robust and resilient virtual organisation formation and operation. Specifically, CONOISE-G provides mechanisms to assure effective operation of agent-based VOs in the face of disruptive and potentially malicious entities in dynamic, open and competitive environments. In this paper, we describe the architecture of the CONOISE-G system, and provide details of its implementation.

Published
2005

48. High viral loads despite absence of clinical and pathological findings in cats experimentally infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) type I and in naturally FCoV-infected cats

Author

Meli, Marina L, Kipar, Anja, Müller, C, Jenal, K, Gönczi, E, Borel, Nicole, Gunn-Moore, D, Chalmers, S, Lin, F, Reinacher, M, Lutz, H, University of Zurich, and Meli, Marina L

Subjects
10187 Department of Farm Animals, 3404 Small Animals, 570 Life sciences, biology, 10184 Institute of Veterinary Pathology
Published
2004

50. Towards an acoustic-based coupled observation and modelling system for monitoring and predicting ecosystem dynamics of the open ocean

Author

Handegard, N., Buisson, L., Brehmer, P., Chalmers, S., De Robertis, A., Huse, G., Kloser, Rudy, Macaulay, G., Maury, O., Ressler, P., Stenseth, N., Godø, O., Handegard, N., Buisson, L., Brehmer, P., Chalmers, S., De Robertis, A., Huse, G., Kloser, Rudy, Macaulay, G., Maury, O., Ressler, P., Stenseth, N., and Godø, O.

Abstract

Assessment of open-ocean ecosystems relies on understanding ecosystem dynamics, and development of end-to-end ecosystem models represents an approach that addresses these challenges. These models incorporate the population structure and dynamics of marine organisms at all trophic levels. Satellite remote sensing of ocean colour and direct at-sea measurements provide information on the lower trophic levels of the models, and fisheries studies provide information on top predator species. However, these models suffer from a lack of observations for the so-called mid-trophic levels, which are poorly sampled by conventional methods. This restricts further development, and we argue that acoustic observations from a range of platforms (e.g. buoys, moorings) can be linked to the ecosystem models to provide much-needed information on these trophic levels. To achieve this, the models need to be tailored to incorporate the available acoustic data, and the link from acoustic backscatter to biologically relevant variables (biomass, carbon, etc.) needs attention. Methods to progress this issue are proposed, including the development of observation models and focal areas for ground truthing. To ensure full use of the potential of acoustic techniques, we argue that a systematic and long-term strategy incorporating the following elements is required: development of metadata standards and automated data analysis, inclusion of acoustic sensors in large-scale observatory programmes, improvement of observation-model links, and efficient sampling strategies. Finally, these elements should be tied together in an observation-modelling framework, coordinated by international organizations, to improve our understanding and quantification of open-ocean ecosystem dynamics. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Published
2013

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