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2,037 results on '"Chalkias A"'

1. MAD: Move AI Decompiler to Improve Transparency and Auditability on Non-Open-Source Blockchain Smart Contract

Author

Chen, Eason, Tang, Xinyi, Xiao, Zimo, Li, Chuangji, Li, Shizhuo, Tingguan, Wu, Wang, Siyun, and Chalkias, Kostas Kryptos

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Web3 aims to enhance user control over data and assets, but this vision is challenged by non-transparent, scam-prone applications and vulnerable smart contracts. While code audits are one solution to this problem, the lack of smart contracts source code on many blockchain platforms, such as Sui, hinders the ease of auditing. A promising approach to this issue is the use of a decompiler to reverse-engineer smart contract bytecode. However, existing decompilers for Sui produce code that is difficult to understand and cannot be directly recompiled. To address this, we developed the Move AI Decompiler (MAD), a Large Language Model (LLM)-powered web application that decompiles smart contract bytecodes on Sui into logically correct, human-readable, and re-compilable source code. Our evaluation shows that MAD produces logically correct code that successfully passes original unit tests and achieves a 66.7% recompilation success rate on real-world smart contracts. Additionally, in a user study involving 12 developers, MAD significantly reduced the auditing workload compared to using traditional decompilers. Participants found MAD's outputs comparable to the original source code, simplifying the process of smart contract logic comprehension and auditing. Despite some limitations, such as occasional hallucinations and compile errors, MAD still provides significant improvements over traditional decompilers. MAD has practical implications for blockchain smart contract transparency, auditing, and education. It empowers users to review and audit non-open-source smart contracts, fostering trust and accountability. Additionally, MAD's approach could potentially extend to other smart contract languages, like Solidity, promoting transparency across various blockchains.

Published
2024

2. Preserving Nature's Ledger: Blockchains in Biodiversity Conservation

Author

Chalkias, Kostas Kryptos, Kostis, Angelos, Alnuaimi, Ali, Knez, Peter, Naulty, John, Salmasi, Allen, Servatius, Ryan, and Veloso, Rodrigo

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

In the contemporary era, biodiversity conservation emerges as a paramount challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to monitoring, preserving, and enhancing the natural world. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology in biodiversity conservation, offering a novel perspective on how digital resilience can be built within ecological contexts. Blockchain, with its decentralized and immutable ledger and tokenization affordances, presents a groundbreaking solution for the accurate monitoring and tracking of environmental assets, thereby addressing the critical need for transparency and trust in conservation efforts. Unlike previous more theoretical approaches, by addressing the research question of how blockchain supports digital resilience in biodiversity conservation, this study presents a grounded framework that justifies which blockchain features are essential to decipher specific data contribution and data leveraging processes in an effort to protect our planet's biodiversity, while boosting potential economic benefits for all actors involved, from local farmers, to hardware vendors and artificial intelligence experts, to investors and regular users, volunteers and donors.

Published
2024

3. Buck You: Designing Easy-to-Onboard Blockchain Applications with Zero-Knowledge Login and Sponsored Transactions on Sui

Author

Chen, Eason, Xiao, Zimo, Liang, Justa, Chen, Damien, Hung, Pierce, and Chalkias, Kostas Kryptos

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

In this paper, we developed a blockchain application to demonstrate the functionality of Sui's recent innovations: Zero Knowledge Login and Sponsored Transactions. Zero Knowledge Login allows users to create and access their blockchain wallets just with their OAuth accounts (e.g., Google, Facebook, Twitch), while Sponsored Transactions eliminate the need for users to prepare transaction fees, as they can delegate fees to sponsors' accounts. Additionally, thanks to Sui's Storage Rebate feature, sponsors in Sponsored Transactions can profit from the sponsorship, achieving a win-win and sustainable service model. Zero Knowledge Login and Sponsored Transactions are pivotal in overcoming key challenges novice blockchain users face, particularly in managing private keys and depositing initial transaction fees. By addressing these challenges in the user experience of blockchain, Sui makes the blockchain more accessible and engaging for novice users and paves the way for the broader adoption of blockchain applications in everyday life.

Published
2024

4. zkLogin: Privacy-Preserving Blockchain Authentication with Existing Credentials

Author

Baldimtsi, Foteini, Chalkias, Konstantinos Kryptos, Ji, Yan, Lindstrøm, Jonas, Maram, Deepak, Riva, Ben, Roy, Arnab, Sedaghat, Mahdi, and Wang, Joy

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

For many users, a private key based wallet serves as the primary entry point to blockchains. Commonly recommended wallet authentication methods, such as mnemonics or hardware wallets, can be cumbersome. This difficulty in user onboarding has significantly hindered the adoption of blockchain-based applications. We develop zkLogin, a novel technique that leverages identity tokens issued by popular platforms (any OpenID Connect enabled platform e.g., Google, Facebook, etc.) to authenticate transactions. At the heart of zkLogin lies a signature scheme allowing the signer to sign using their existing OpenID accounts and nothing else. This improves the user experience significantly as users do not need to remember a new secret and can reuse their existing accounts. zkLogin provides strong security and privacy guarantees. Unlike prior works, zkLogin's security relies solely on the underlying platform's authentication mechanism without the need for any additional trusted parties (e.g., trusted hardware or oracles). As the name suggests, zkLogin leverages zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to ensure that the sensitive link between a user's off-chain and on-chain identities is hidden, even from the platform itself. zkLogin enables a number of important applications outside blockchains. It allows billions of users to produce \textit{verifiable digital content leveraging their existing digital identities}, e.g., email address. For example, a journalist can use zkLogin to sign a news article with their email address, allowing verification of the article's authorship by any party. We have implemented and deployed zkLogin on the Sui blockchain as an additional alternative to traditional digital signature-based addresses., Comment: Full version of the CCS paper

Published
2024
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5. Building Random, Fair, and Verifiable Games on Blockchain. Raffle smart contract designs on Sui Network

Author

Chen, Eason, Liang, Justa, Huang, Ray, Hung, Pierce, Chen, Damien, Hsu, Ashley, Chalkias, Konstantinos, and Pleros, Stefanos

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Randomness plays a pivotal role in modern online gaming, but disputes have arisen over the accuracy of stated winning chances, resulting in legal issues and financial setbacks for gaming companies. Fortunately, blockchain-based games offer a solution to the transparency and fairness issue regarding randomness. Furthermore, emerging blockchain technology like Sui Network enhances the efficiency of smart contracts by eliminating traditional web3 barriers, such as inefficiencies and expensive transaction fees. This unlocks the potential for extensive decentralized gaming applications. This paper aims to provide insights into designing a fair, verifiable, and efficient smart contract game on blockchain by the example of building raffles on the Sui Network. We explore efficient methods for implementing randomness on smart contracts, including DRAND committee-based decentralized random beacons and single private-key-based verifiable random functions (VRF). Then, progress from basic to comprehensive smart contract design. We addressed limitations in developing blockchain games in general, such as data input and storage space constraints. We propose corresponding solutions, encompassing the utilization of Object Tables, Delegate Object Creation, and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) to optimize storage and input efficiency. After testing our designs, we found that the transaction fees for DRAND beacons and private-key-based VRFs are similar. Moreover, Object Tables incur higher overall transaction fees, while the ZKP setup fee is cheap but becomes very expensive during the verification process. Moreover, we identified suitable designs for different application scenarios by comparing the pros and cons of different smart contract implementations. Our findings provide valuable guidance for future researchers and developers in building random, fair, and verifiable games with smart contracts.

Published
2023

6. Double Public Key Signing Function Oracle Attack on EdDSA Software Implementations

Author

Grierson, Sam, Chalkias, Konstantinos, Buchanan, William J, and Maglaras, Leandros

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

EdDSA is a standardised elliptic curve digital signature scheme introduced to overcome some of the issues prevalent in the more established ECDSA standard. Due to the EdDSA standard specifying that the EdDSA signature be deterministic, if the signing function were to be used as a public key signing oracle for the attacker, the unforgeability notion of security of the scheme can be broken. This paper describes an attack against some of the most popular EdDSA implementations, which results in an adversary recovering the private key used during signing. With this recovered secret key, an adversary can sign arbitrary messages that would be seen as valid by the EdDSA verification function. A list of libraries with vulnerable APIs at the time of publication is provided. Furthermore, this paper provides two suggestions for securing EdDSA signing APIs against this vulnerability while it additionally discusses failed attempts to solve the issue.

Published
2023

12. A review of the immunogenicity and safety of booster doses of omicron variant-containing mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines in adults and children

Author

Frances Priddy, Spyros Chalkias, Brandon Essink, Jordan Whatley, Adam Brosz, Ivan T. Lee, Jing Feng, LaRee Tracy, Weiping Deng, Wen Zhou, Honghong Zhou, Avika Dixit, Sabine Schnyder-Ghamloush, Bethany Girard, Elizabeth de Windt, Anne Yeakey, Jacqueline Miller, Rituparna Das, and Barbara J. Kuter

Subjects
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-1273, variant of concern, omicron, booster, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Introduction Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is an integral pillar of the public health approach to COVID-19. With the emergence of variants of concern that increase transmissibility and escape from vaccine- or infection-induced protection, vaccines have been developed to more closely match the newly circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains to improve protection. The safety and immunogenicity of multiple authorized messenger RNA (mRNA)-based COVID-19 vaccines targeting the omicron sublineage (BA.1, BA.4/BA.5, and XBB.1.5) have been demonstrated in several clinical trials among adults and children.Areas covered This review will comprehensively detail the available evidence (published through July 2024) from ongoing clinical trials on omicron variant-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines administered as additional doses in previously vaccinated target demographics.Expert opinion Across three clinical trials, omicron variant-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines induced immune responses to vaccine-matched omicron strains as well as ancestral SARS-CoV-2, with a safety and reactogenicity profile comparable to the original mRNA-1273 vaccine. Combined with pivotal data demonstrating the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of the original mRNA-1273 vaccine, these findings support the use of variant-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines and provide confidence that expeditious development of updated vaccines using this established mRNA platform can maintain protection against COVID-19.

Published
2024
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15. Correction: Continuous vs intermittent Non-Invasive blood pressure MONitoring in preventing postoperative organ failure (niMON): study protocol for an open-label, multicenter randomized trial

Author

Noto, Alberto, Chalkias, Athanasios, Madotto, Fabiana, Ball, Lorenzo, Bignami, Elena Giovanna, Cecconi, Maurizio, Guarracino, Fabio, Messina, Antonio, Morelli, Andrea, Princi, Pietro, Sanfilippo, Filippo, Scolletta, Sabino, Tritapepe, Luigi, and Cortegiani, Andrea

Published
2024
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22. Intubation Decision Based on Illness Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: An International Study*

Author

Chalkias, Athanasios, Huang, Yiyuan, Ismail, Anis, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Papagiannakis, Nikolaos, Bitterman, Brayden, Anderson, Elizabeth, Catalan, Tonimarie, Erne, Grace K., Tilley, Caroline R., Alaka, Abiola, Amadi, Kingsley M., Presswalla, Feriel, Blakely, Pennelope, Bernal-Morell, Enrique, Cebreiros López, Iria, Eugen-Olsen, Jesper, García de Guadiana Romualdo, Luis, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J., Loosen, Sven H., Reiser, Jochen, Tacke, Frank, Skoulakis, Anargyros, Laou, Eleni, Banerjee, Mousumi, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Hayek, Salim S., Hayek, Salim S., Blakely, Pennelope, Launius, Christopher, Berlin, Hanna, Amadi, Kingsley M., Azam, Tariq U., Shadid, Husam, Pan, Michael, O’ Hayer, Patrick, Meloche, Chelsea, Feroze, Rafey, Padalia, Kishan J., Anderson, Elizabeth, Perry, Danny, Bitar, Abbas, Kaakati, Rayan, Zhao, Lili, Zhao, Peiyao, Michaud, Erinleigh, Huang, Yiyuan, Catalan, Tonimarie, Khaleel, Ibrahim, Alaka, Abiola, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Banerjee, Mousumi, Tekumulla, Annika, Tilley, Caroline R., Tripathi, Medha, Vasbinder, Alexi, Bardwell, Alina, Presswalla, Feriel, Nelapudi, Namratha, Erne, Grace K., Chen, Jiazi, Mayette, Nathan, Sulaiman, Noor, Ismail, Anis, Pizzo, Ian, Bitterman, Brayden, Reiser, Jochen, Samelko, Beata, Hlepas, Alexander, Wang, Xuexiang, Patel, Priya, Chalkias, Athanasios, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Laou, Eleni, Skoulakis, Anargyros, Papagiannakis, Nikolaos, Eugen-Olsen, Jesper, Altintas, Izzet, Tingleff, Jens, Stauning, Marius, Houlind, Morten Baltzer, Lindstrøm, Mette B, Andersen, Ove, Gamst-Jensen, Hejdi, Hartmann Rasmussen, Line Jee, Rasmussen, Christian, Nehlin, Jan O., Kallemose, Thomas, Parvaiz, Imran, Loosen, Sven H., Luedde, Tom, Keitel, Verena, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J., Adami, Maria-Evangelia, Solomonidi, Nicky, Tsilika, Maria, Saridaki, Maria, Lekakis, Vasileios, Tacke, Frank, Tober-Lau, Pinkus, Mohr, Raphael, Kurth, Florian, Sander, Leif Erik, Jochum, Christoph, Garcia de Guadiana-Romualdo, Luis, Albaladejo-Otón, María Dolores, Rodríguez Mulero, María Dolores, Martínez, María Galindo, Olivo, Marta Hernández, Rodríguez, Valerio Campos, López, Iria Cebreiros, Carrillo, María Arnaldos, Noguera Velasco, Jose Antonio, Pascual Figal, Domingo A., Morell, Enrique Bernal, García, Antonia Alcaraz, Alcaraz García, María José, Martínez, Monica Martínez, Esteban-Torrella, Patricia, and Sancho-Rodríguez, Natalia

Published
2024
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23. Novel insights into voltage-gated ion channels: Translational breakthroughs in medical oncology

Author

Minas Sakellakis, Sung Mi Yoon, Jashan Reet, and Athanasios Chalkias

Subjects
Ion, channels, regeneration, cancer, treatment, translational research, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

ABSTRACTPreclinical evidence suggests that voltage gradients can act as a kind of top-down master regulator during embryogenesis and orchestrate downstream molecular-genetic pathways during organ regeneration or repair. Moreover, electrical stimulation shifts response to injury toward regeneration instead of healing or scarring. Cancer and embryogenesis not only share common phenotypical features but also commonly upregulated molecular pathways. Voltage-gated ion channel activity is directly or indirectly linked to the pathogenesis of cancer hallmarks, while experimental and clinical studies suggest that their modulation, e.g., by anesthetic agents, may exert antitumor effects. A large recent clinical trial served as a proof-of-principle for the benefit of preoperative use of topical sodium channel blockade as a potential anticancer strategy against early human breast cancers. Regardless of whether ion channel aberrations are primary or secondary cancer drivers, understanding the functional consequences of these events may guide us toward the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Published
2024
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25. Cancer-Induced Resting Sinus Tachycardia: An Overlooked Clinical Diagnosis

Author

Minas Sakellakis, Jashan Reet, Michail Kladas, Gregory Hoge, Athanasios Chalkias, and Miroslav Radulovic

Subjects
sinus, tachycardia, cancer, diagnosis, prognosis, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Elevated resting heart rate is frequently observed in cancer patients, and is associated with increased mortality. Although specific chemotherapeutic agents can induce cardiotoxicity, the presence of sinus tachycardia in chemotherapy-naive patients suggests other factors likely contribute to this clinical presentation. Despite its prevalence, cancer-associated resting sinus tachycardia has not been fully recognized and comprehensively described as a separate clinical entity. Secondary effects of cancer, especially structural cardiac changes, secretory factors (inflammatory cytokines), and thromboembolic disease can cause resting tachycardia. Alternatively, rapid heart rate may reflect compensatory mechanisms responding to increased metabolic demands, raised cardiac output states, and even pain. Hence, cancer-associated tachycardia presents a clinical dilemma; acute life-threatening conditions (such as sepsis, pulmonary embolism, etc.) must be ruled out, but cancer itself can explain resting sinus tachycardia and more conservative management can avoid unnecessary testing, cost and patient stress. Furthermore, identification and management of cardiac conditions associated with cancer may improve survival and the quality of life of cancer patients.

Published
2024
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27. Continuous vs intermittent Non-Invasive blood pressure MONitoring in preventing postoperative organ failure (niMON): study protocol for an open-label, multicenter randomized trial

Author

Alberto Noto, Athanasios Chalkias, Fabiana Madotto, Lorenzo Ball, Elena Giovanna Bignami, Maurizio Cecconi, Fabio Guarracino, Antonio Messina, Andrea Morelli, Pietro Princi, Filippo Sanfilippo, Sabino Scolletta, Luigi Tritapepe, Andrea Cortegiani, and SIAARTI Study Group

Subjects
Blood pressure, Volume clamp, Postoperative complications, Intraoperative monitoring, Hemodynamic monitoring, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Blood pressure has become one of the most important vital signs to monitor in the perioperative setting. Recently, the Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) recommended, with low level of evidence, continuous monitoring of blood pressure during the intraoperative period. Continuous monitoring allows for early detection of hypotension, which may potentially lead to a timely treatment. Whether the ability to detect more hypotension events by continuous noninvasive blood pressure (C-NiBP) monitoring can improve patient outcomes is still unclear. Here, we report the rationale, study design, and statistical analysis plan of the niMON trial, which aims to evaluate the effect of intraoperative C-NiBP compared with intermittent (I-NiBP) monitoring on postoperative myocardial and renal injury. Methods The niMon trial is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, international, open-label, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial. Eligible patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive C-NiBP or I-NiBP as an intraoperative monitoring strategy. The proportion of patients who develop myocardial injury in the first postoperative week is the primary outcome; the secondary outcomes are the proportions of patients who develop postoperative AKI, in-hospital mortality rate, and 30 and 90 postoperative days events. A sample size of 1265 patients will provide a power of 80% to detect a 4% absolute reduction in the rate of the primary outcome. Conclusions The niMON data will provide evidence to guide the choice of the most appropriate intraoperative blood pressure monitoring strategy. Clinical trial registration Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05496322, registered on the 5th of August 2023.

Published
2024
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28. Original SARS-CoV-2 monovalent and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: phase 2/3 trial interim results

Author

Chalkias, Spyros, Whatley, Jordan L., Eder, Frank, Essink, Brandon, Khetan, Shishir, Bradley, Paul, Brosz, Adam, McGhee, Nichole, Tomassini, Joanne E., Chen, Xing, Zhao, Xiaoping, Sutherland, Andrea, Shen, Xiaoying, Girard, Bethany, Edwards, Darin K., Feng, Jing, Zhou, Honghong, Walsh, Stephen, Montefiori, David C., Baden, Lindsey R., Miller, Jacqueline M., and Das, Rituparna

Published
2023
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32. Profiling antibody epitopes induced by mRNA-1273 vaccination and boosters

Author

Bethany Girard, Elisabeth Baum-Jones, Rebecca L. Best, Thomas W. Campbell, Jack Coupart, Kyla Dangerfield, Abhilash Dhal, Michael Jhatro, Brian Martinez, Jack Reifert, John Shon, Minlu Zhang, Rebecca Waitz, Spyros Chalkias, Darin K. Edwards, Maha Maglinao, Robert Paris, and Rolando Pajon

Subjects
antibody profile, COVID-19, dosing regimen, mRNA-1273, SARS-CoV-2, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

BackgroundCharacterizing the antibody epitope profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 can aid in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the antibody-mediated immune responses elicited by these vaccines.MethodsThis study investigated the distinct antibody epitopes toward the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein targeted after a two-dose primary series of mRNA-1273 followed by a booster dose of mRNA-1273 or a variant-updated vaccine among serum samples from clinical trial adult participants.ResultsMultiple S-specific epitopes were targeted after primary vaccination; while signal decreased over time, a booster dose after >6 months largely revived waning antibody signals. Epitope identity also changed after booster vaccination in some subjects, with four new S-specific epitopes detected with stronger signals after boosting than with primary vaccination. Notably, the strength of antibody responses after booster vaccination differed by the exact vaccine formulation, with variant-updated mRNA-1273.211 and mRNA-1273.617.2 booster formulations inducing significantly stronger S-specific signals than a mRNA-1273 booster.ConclusionOverall, these results identify key S-specific epitopes targeted by antibodies induced by mRNA-1273 primary and variant-updated booster vaccination.

Published
2024
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35. Pathological findings associated with the updated European Society of Cardiology 2022 guidelines for preoperative cardiac testing: an observational cohort modelling study

Author

Kemper, Johann, Kohaupt, Lena, Witzler, Jette, Tuzhikov, Michael, Roth, Sebastian, Stroda, Alexandra, M’Pembele, René, Tenge, Theresa, Schultze, Cornelia, Verbarg, Nele, Gehrke, Christian, Klemann, Anna Katharina, Hagebölling, Friederike, Albrecht, Svenja, Stroeder, Jakob, Schubert, Ann-Kristin, Espeter, Florian, Russe, Benedikt, Weigand, Markus A., Bergmann, Lars, Unterberg, Matthias, Bischoff, Petra, Pirzer, Raphael, Rach, Patric Rene, Ott, Klaus, Zarbock, Alexander, Kowark, Ana, Neumann, Claudia, Marchand, Bahareh, Sponholz, Christoph, Rueffert, Henrik, Kramer, Mira, Zacharowski, Kai, Meybohm, Patrick, Lindau, Simone, Carollo, Melissa, Novazzi, Cecilia, Toso, Fiorenza, Bacuzzi, Alessandro, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Volta, Carlo Alberto, De Giorgi, Francesco, Bacer, Barbara, Federico, Antonio, Chiumello, Davide, Vetrugno, Luigi, Castella, Alberto, Tesoro, Simonetta, Cotoia, Antonella, Bignami, Elena, Bellissima, Agrippino, Cortegiani, Andrea, Crisman, Marco, Toninelli, Arturo, Piazza, Ornella, Mirabella, Lucia, Bossolasco, Matteo, Bona, Francesco, Perdomo, Juan Manuel, Coca-Martinez, Miquel, Carramiñana, Albert, Servén, Marta Giné, González, Astrid Batalla, Gil Sánchez, José Maria, Becerra-Bolaños, Ángel, Rodríguez-Pérez, Aurelio, Soler, Anna Artigas, Basso, Morena, Font, Anna Peig, Vernetta, Diana, Santos, Julia Hernando, Muñoz, Enrique Alday, Olivares, Mercedes Cabellos, Marco, Gregorio, Lopez, Maria Bermudez, Barrio, Javier, Forés, María Isabel, Boix, Estefanía, Ayuso, Mercedes, Petre, Bogdan Sorel, Oprea, Ioana Sorina, Latiș, Mihai Dan, Margarit, Simona, Vasian, Horatiu, Tomescu, Dana, Cîndea, Iulia, Dirzu, Dan Sebastian, Copotoiu, Sanda-Maria, Moise, Alida, Bubenek-Turconi, Serban, Valeanu, Liana, Wanner, Patrick Mark, Djurdjevic, Mirjana, Nuth, Sandra, Seeberger, Esther, Goettel, Nicolai, Kamber, Firmin, Ganter, Michael Thomas, Gerber, Thomas Jan, Schneebeli, Daniela, Pregernig, Andreas, Grape, Sina, Tomala, Simon, Pinto, Bernardo Bollen, Żukowski, Maciej, Zegan-Barańska, Małgorzata, Karolak, Igor, Krzych, Lukasz, Czajka, Szymon, Studzińska, Dorota, Kluzik, Anna, Koszel, Tomasz, Pabjańczyk, Izabela, Gajdosz, Anna, Erkoc, Suheyla Karadag, Meco, Basak Ceyda, Koltka, Ahmet Kemalettin, Dincer, Muserref Beril, Ekmekçi, Perihan, Saracoglu, Kemal Tolga, Solmaz, Filiz Alkaya, Ozcelik, Menekse, Arun, Oguzhan, Dilmen, Ozlem Korkmaz, Preckel, Benedikt, Hollmann, Markus W., Hazen, Yannick, Donald de Boer, Hans, Epema, Anne, Koopman, Seppe, Van Lier, Felix, Pinto, Rita, Carrão, André, Ribeiro, Daniel, Mourão, Joana, Coelho, Miguel, Losa, Nuno, Santos, Nuno, Cabral, Luis, Afonso, Diana, Zenha, Sérgio, Ramos, Cristina, Hipólito, Carla, Vasilaki, Maria, Andreeva, Antonia, Zaimi, Donika, Chalkias, Athanasios, Spyraki, Maria, Rekatsina, Martina, Tsaousi, Georgia, Short, Anthony, Meier, Sonja, Madhuri, Thumuluru Kavitha, Latham, Scott, Knock, James, Drummond, Andrew, Ramsden, Fiona, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Walker, James, Moppett, Iain, White, Louise, Jackson, Matthew, Reschreiter, Henrik, Innes, Richard, Chew, Michelle, Kalman, Sigridur, Wallden, Jakob, Schening, Anna, Jonikaite, Lina, Enlund, Anna, De Baerdemaeker, Luc, Morrison, Stuart, Rex, Steffen, Alexis, Alexandros, Khoronenko, Viktoria E., Ovezov, Alexey, Belskii, Vladislav, Kaznacheeva, Kseniya, Gritsan, Alexey, Kuzmanovska, Biljana, Malinovska-Nikolovska, Liljana, Barisin, Stjepan, Poredos, Peter, Arabadzhieva, Daniela, Unic-Stojanovic, Dragana, Golubović, Mladjan, Fleischmann, Edith, Kotzinger, Oskar, Des Deserts, Marc Danguy, Ducrocq, Nicolas, Buggy, Donal J., Bonnet, Jean François, Cusack, Barbara, Calleja, Paul, Hasani, Antigona, Nallbani, Rajmonda, Mauermann, Eckhard, Ionescu, Daniela, Szczeklik, Wojciech, De Hert, Stefan, Filipovic, Miodrag, Beck Schimmer, Beatrice, Spadaro, Savino, Matute, Purificación, Ganter, Michael T., Turhan, Sanem C., van Waes, Judith, Lagarto, Filipa, Theodoraki, Kassiani, Gupta, Anil, Gillmann, Hans-Jörg, Guzzetti, Luca, Kotfis, Katarzyna, Larmann, Jan, Corneci, Dan, Howell, Simon J., and Lurati Buse, Giovanna

Published
2024
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36. Transitions from Aerobic to Anaerobic Metabolism and Oxygen Debt during Elective Major and Emergency Non-Cardiac Surgery

Author

Nikolaos Papagiannakis, Dimitrios Ragias, Nicoleta Ntalarizou, Eleni Laou, Aikaterini Kyriakaki, Theodoros Mavridis, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Minas Sakellakis, and Athanasios Chalkias

Subjects
oxygen transport, oxygen debt, aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, cardiovascular dynamics, hemodynamics, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Introduction: Intraoperative hemodynamic and metabolic optimization of both the high-risk surgical patients and critically ill patients remains challenging. Reductions in oxygen delivery or increases in oxygen consumption can initiate complex cellular processes precipitating oxygen debt (OXD). Methods: This study tested the hypothesis that intraoperative changes in sublingual microcirculatory flow reflect clinically relevant transitions from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism (TRANAM). We included patients undergoing elective major and emergency non-cardiac surgery. Macro- and microcirculatory variables, oxygen extraction, and transitions of metabolism were assessed in both cohorts. Results: In the elective group, OXD was progressively increased over time, with an estimated 2.24 unit increase every 30 min (adjusted p < 0.001). Also, OXD was negatively correlated with central venous pressure (ρ = −0.247, adjusted p = 0.006) and positively correlated with stroke volume variation (ρ = 0.185, adjusted p = 0.041). However, it was not significantly correlated with sublingual microcirculation variables. In the emergency surgery group, OXD increased during the first two intraoperative hours and then gradually decreased until the end of surgery. In that cohort, OXD was positively correlated with diastolic arterial pressure (ρ = 0.338, adjpatients and the critically ill patients remains challengingsted p = 0.015). Also, OXD was negatively correlated with cardiac index (ρ = −0.352, adjusted p = 0.003), Consensus Proportion of Perfused Vessels (PPV) (ρ = −0.438, adjusted p < 0.001), and Consensus PPV (small) (ρ = −0.434, adjusted p < 0.001). Conclusions: TRANAM were evident in both the elective major and emergency non-cardiac surgery cohorts independent of underlying alterations in the sublingual microcirculation.

Published
2024
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39. Burnout in General Surgeons. A Systematic Review

Author

Chalkias, Petros Loukas, Goulidaki Vosynioti, Georgia, Charalampopoulou, Maria, Vlachakis, Dimitrios, Darviri, Christina, Chrousos, George P., Bacopoulou, Flora, Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Steinlein, Ortrud, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, and Vlamos, Panagiotis, editor

Published
2023
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40. Broken Proofs of Solvency in Blockchain Custodial Wallets and Exchanges

Author

Chalkias, Konstantinos, Chatzigiannis, Panagiotis, Ji, Yan, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Matsuo, Shin'ichiro, editor, Gudgeon, Lewis, editor, Klages-Mundt, Ariah, editor, Perez Hernandez, Daniel, editor, Werner, Sam, editor, Haines, Thomas, editor, Essex, Aleksander, editor, Bracciali, Andrea, editor, and Sala, Massimiliano, editor

Published
2023
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43. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de novo B cell response in humans

Author

Alsoussi, Wafaa B., Malladi, Sameer Kumar, Zhou, Julian Q., Liu, Zhuoming, Ying, Baoling, Kim, Wooseob, Schmitz, Aaron J., Lei, Tingting, Horvath, Stephen C., Sturtz, Alexandria J., McIntire, Katherine M., Evavold, Birk, Han, Fangjie, Scheaffer, Suzanne M., Fox, Isabella F., Mirza, Senaa F., Parra-Rodriguez, Luis, Nachbagauer, Raffael, Nestorova, Biliana, Chalkias, Spyros, Farnsworth, Christopher W., Klebert, Michael K., Pusic, Iskra, Strnad, Benjamin S., Middleton, William D., Teefey, Sharlene A., Whelan, Sean P. J., Diamond, Michael S., Paris, Robert, O’Halloran, Jane A., Presti, Rachel M., Turner, Jackson S., and Ellebedy, Ali H.

Published
2023
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45. Three-month antibody persistence of a bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine against COVID-19

Author

Spyros Chalkias, Charles Harper, Keith Vrbicky, Stephen R. Walsh, Brandon Essink, Adam Brosz, Nichole McGhee, Joanne E. Tomassini, Xing Chen, Ying Chang, Andrea Sutherland, David C. Montefiori, Bethany Girard, Darin K. Edwards, Jing Feng, Honghong Zhou, Lindsey R. Baden, Jacqueline M. Miller, and Rituparna Das

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract We previously presented day 29 interim safety and immunogenicity results from a phase 2/3 study (NCT04927065) comparing the Omicron-BA.1-containing bivalent vaccine mRNA-1273.214 (50-µg) to the 50-µg mRNA-1273 booster in adults who previously received the mRNA-1273 primary series (100-µg) and mRNA-1273 first booster (50-µg) dose. Primary endpoints were safety, non-inferiority of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) and seroresponse against Omicron BA.1, superiority of the nAb response against Omicron-BA.1, and non-inferiority of the nAb response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 for second boosters of mRNA-1273.214 versus mRNA-1273 at days 29 and 91. The key secondary endpoint was the seroresponse difference of mRNA-1273.214 versus mRNA-1273 against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 at days 29 and day 91. Participants were sequentially enrolled and dosed with 50-µg of mRNA-1273 (n = 376) or mRNA-1273.214 (n = 437) as second booster doses. Here we present day 91 post-booster results. In participants with no pre-booster, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infection (SARS-CoV-2), mRNA-1273.214 elicited Omicron-BA.1-nAb titers (95% confidence interval [CI]) that were significantly higher (964.4 [834.4-1114.7]) than those of mRNA-1273 (624.2 [533.1-730.9]) and similar to those of mRNA-1273 against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 at day 91. mRNA-1273.214 also induced higher binding antibody responses against Omicron BA.1 and alpha, gamma and delta variants than mRNA-1273. Safety profiles were similar for both vaccines. The Omicron-BA.1 bivalent vaccine improved antibody responses compared to mRNA-1273 through 90 days post-booster.

Published
2023
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47. Limiting loss

Author

Jarzabkowski, Paula, primary, Chalkias, Konstantinos, additional, Cacciatori, Eugenia, additional, and Bednarek, Rebecca, additional

Published
2023
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48. Shouldering the burden

Author

Jarzabkowski, Paula, primary, Chalkias, Konstantinos, additional, Cacciatori, Eugenia, additional, and Bednarek, Rebecca, additional

Published
2023
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49. Paradoxes of origination

Author

Jarzabkowski, Paula, primary, Chalkias, Konstantinos, additional, Cacciatori, Eugenia, additional, and Bednarek, Rebecca, additional

Published
2023
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