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Silver nanoparticles can be produced by an array of procedures, such as chemical, physical, and biological processes. The process of biosynthesis is more economical and significantly more environmentally friendly. We describe an environmentally compatible method (biosynthesis) of producing silver nanoparticles (Ag: NPs) with the capping component Artocarpus heterophyllus in this research work. Powder-X-ray crystallography (P-XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence (PL), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and an antimicrobial test were all used to examine the synthesized samples. The P-XRD analysis revealed that the produced NPs have an FCC form with a typical particle size of 23 nm. FT-IR spectra further demonstrate the availability of the functional groups in the synthesized nanoparticles. The absorbance and transmittance spectra of the UV-Vis study have shown substantial transparency and less absorbance of the Ag: NPs in the entire visible region. The bandgap of the Ag: NPs was found to be 3.25 eV using the Tauc relation. In the PL study, an emission peak at 472 nm was found, suggesting the fluorescence emission of Ag: NPs. The FE-SEM micrographs provide confirmation of the surface-wide aggregate of nanostructural homogeneities. The FE-SEM micrographs illustrate that Ag: NPs are homogeneous aggregates of very small spheres. Variations in particle size and surface area-to-volume ratios of synthesized NPs have been proven to be responsible for the antibacterial activities. According to the antibacterial study, Ag: NPs restrain the development of both normal and harmful bacteria and so have the potential to be utilized for coating surgical equipment for aseptic operators in the healthcare industry., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

In modern urban energy communities, diverse natured loads (homes, schools, hospitals, malls, etc.) are situated in the same locality and have self-electricity generation/management facilities. The power systems of these individual buildings are called smart microgrids. Usually, their self-electricity generation is based on renewable energy sources, which are uncertain due to their environmental dependency. So, the consistency of self-energy generation throughout the day is not guaranteed; thus, the dependency on the central utility grid is continued. To solve this, researchers have recently started working on interoperable smart microgrids (ISMs) for urban communities. Here, a central monitoring and control station captures the energy generation/demand information of each microgrid and analyzes the availability/requirement, thereby executing the energy transactions among these ISMs. Such local energy exchanges among the ISMs reduce the issues with uncertain renewable energy and the dependency on the utility grid. To establish such useful ISMs, a well-established communication mechanism has to be adopted. In this view, this paper first reviews various state-of-the-art developments related to smart grids and then provides extensive insights into communication standards and technologies, issues/challenges, and future research perspectives for ISM implementation. Finally, a discussion is presented on advanced wireless technology, called LoRa (Long Range), and a modern architecture using the LoRa technology to establish a communication network for ISMs is proposed.