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1. Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU69, a small Kuiper Belt Object

Author

Stern, S. A., Weaver, H. A., Spencer, J. R., Olkin, C. B., Gladstone, G. R., Grundy, W. M., Moore, J. M., Cruikshank, D. P., Elliott, H. A., McKinnon, W. B., Parker, J. Wm., Verbiscer, A. J., Young, L. A., Aguilar, D. A., Albers, J. M., Andert, T., Andrews, J. P., Bagenal, F., Banks, M. E., Bauer, B. A., Bauman, J. A., Bechtold, K. E., Beddingfield, C. B., Behrooz, N., Beisser, K. B., Benecchi, S. D., Bernardoni, E., Beyer, R. A., Bhaskaran, S., Bierson, C. J., Binzel, R. P., Birath, E. M., Bird, M. K., Boone, D. R., Bowman, A. F., Bray, V. J., Britt, D. T., Brown, L. E., Buckley, M. R., Buie, M. W., Buratti, B. J., Burke, L. M., Bushman, S. S., Carcich, B., Chaikin, A. L., Chavez, C. L., Cheng, A. F., Colwell, E. J., Conard, S. J., Conner, M. P., Conrad, C. A., Cook, J. C., Cooper, S. B., Custodio, O. S., Ore, C. M. Dalle, Deboy, C. C., Dharmavaram, P., Dhingra, R. D., Dunn, G. F., Earle, A. M., Egan, A. F., Eisig, J., El-Maarry, M. R., Engelbrecht, C., Enke, B. L., Ercol, C. J., Fattig, E. D., Ferrell, C. L., Finley, T. J., Firer, J., Fischetti, J., Folkner, W. M., Fosbury, M. N., Fountain, G. H., Freeze, J. M., Gabasova, L., Glaze, L. S., Green, J. L., Griffith, G. A., Guo, Y., Hahn, M., Hals, D. W., Hamilton, D. P., Hamilton, S. A., Hanley, J. J., Harch, A., Harmon, K. A., Hart, H. M., Hayes, J., Hersman, C. B., Hill, M. E., Hill, T. A., Hofgartner, J. D., Holdridge, M. E., Horányi, M., Hosadurga, A., Howard, A. D., Howett, C. J. A., Jaskulek, S. E., Jennings, D. E., Jensen, J. R., Jones, M. R., Kang, H. K., Katz, D. J., Kaufmann, D. E., Kavelaars, J. J., Keane, J. T., Keleher, G. P., Kinczyk, M., Kochte, M. C., Kollmann, P., Krimigis, S. M., Kruizinga, G. L., Kusnierkiewicz, D. Y., Lahr, M. S., Lauer, T. R., Lawrence, G. B., Lee, J. E., Lessac-Chenen, E. J., Linscott, I. R., Lisse, C. M., Lunsford, A. W., Mages, D. M., Mallder, V. A., Martin, N. P., May, B. H., McComas, D. J., McNutt, R. L., Mehoke, Jr. D. S., Mehoke, T. S., Nelson, D. S., Nguyen, H. D., Núñez, J. I., Ocampo, A. C., Owen, W. M., Oxton, G. K., Parker, A. H., Pätzold, M., Pelgrift, J. Y., Pelletier, F. J., Pineau, J. P., Piquette, M. R., Porter, S. B., Protopapa, S., Quirico, E., Redfern, J. A., Regiec, A. L., Reitsema, H. J., Reuter, D. C., Richardson, D. C., Riedel, J. E., Ritterbush, M. A., Robbins, S. J., Rodgers, D. J., Rogers, G. D., Rose, D. M., Rosendall, P. E., Runyon, K. D., Ryschkewitsch, M. G., Saina, M. M., Salinas, M. J., Schenk, P. M., Scherrer, J. R., Schlei, W. R., Schmitt, B., Schultz, D. J., Schurr, D. C., Scipioni, F., Sepan, R. L., Shelton, R. G., Showalter, M. R., Simon, M., Singer, K. N., Stahlheber, E. W., Stanbridge, D. R., Stansberry, J. A., Steffl, A. J., Strobel, D. F., Stothoff, M. M., Stryk, T., Stuart, J. R., Summers, M. E., Tapley, M. B., Taylor, A., Taylor, H. W., Tedford, R. M., Throop, H. B., Turner, L. S., Umurhan, O. M., Van Eck, J., Velez, D., Versteeg, M. H., Vincent, M. A., Webbert, R. W., Weidner, S. E., Weigle II, G. E., Wendel, J. R., White, O. L., Whittenburg, K. E., Williams, B. G., Williams, K. E., Williams, S. P., Winters, H. L., Zangari, A. M., and Zurbuchen, T. H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Kuiper Belt is a distant region of the Solar System. On 1 January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew close to (486958) 2014 MU69, a Cold Classical Kuiper Belt Object, a class of objects that have never been heated by the Sun and are therefore well preserved since their formation. Here we describe initial results from these encounter observations. MU69 is a bi-lobed contact binary with a flattened shape, discrete geological units, and noticeable albedo heterogeneity. However, there is little surface color and compositional heterogeneity. No evidence for satellites, ring or dust structures, gas coma, or solar wind interactions was detected. By origin MU69 appears consistent with pebble cloud collapse followed by a low velocity merger of its two lobes., Comment: 43 pages, 8 figure

Published
2020
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2. The Geology and Geophysics of Kuiper Belt Object (486958) Arrokoth

Author

Spencer, J. R., Stern, S. A., Moore, J. M., Weaver, H. A., Singer, K. N., Olkin, C. B., Verbiscer, A. J., McKinnon, W. B., Parker, J. Wm., Beyer, R. A., Keane, J. T., Lauer, T. R., Porter, S. B., White, O. L., Buratti, B. J., El-Maarry, M. R., Lisse, C. M., Parker, A. H., Throop, H. B., Robbins, S. J., Umurhan, O. M., Binzel, R. P., Britt, D. T., Buie, M. W., Cheng, A. F., Cruikshank, D. P., Elliott, H. A., Gladstone, G. R., Grundy, W. M., Hill, M. E., Horanyi, M., Jennings, D. E., Kavelaars, J. J., Linscott, I. R., McComas, D. J., McNutt, R. L., Protopapa, S., Reuter, D. C., Schenk, P. M., Showalter, M. R., Young, L. A., Zangari, A. M., Abedin, A. Y., Beddingfield, C. B., Benecchi, S. D., Bernardoni, E., Bierson, C. J., Borncamp, D., Bray, V. J., Chaikin, A. L., Dhingra, R. D., Fuentes, C., Fuse, T., Gay, P. L, Gwyn, S. D. J., Hamilton, D. P., Hofgartner, J. D., Holman, M. J., Howard, A. D., Howett, C. J. A., Karoji, H., Kaufmann, D. E., Kinczyk, M., May, B. H., Mountain, M., Pätzold, M., Petit, J. M., Piquette, M. R., Reid, I. N., Reitsema, H. J., Runyon, K. D., Sheppard, S. S., Stansberry, J. A., Stryk, T., Tanga, P., Tholen, D. J., Trilling, D. E., and Wasserman, L. H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Cold Classical Kuiper Belt, a class of small bodies in undisturbed orbits beyond Neptune, are primitive objects preserving information about Solar System formation. The New Horizons spacecraft flew past one of these objects, the 36 km long contact binary (486958) Arrokoth (2014 MU69), in January 2019. Images from the flyby show that Arrokoth has no detectable rings, and no satellites (larger than 180 meters diameter) within a radius of 8000 km, and has a lightly-cratered smooth surface with complex geological features, unlike those on previously visited Solar System bodies. The density of impact craters indicates the surface dates from the formation of the Solar System. The two lobes of the contact binary have closely aligned poles and equators, constraining their accretion mechanism.

Published
2020
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3. The Geology of Pluto and Charon Through the Eyes of New Horizons

Author

Moore, Jeffrey M., McKinnon, William B., Spencer, John R., Howard, Alan D., Schenk, Paul M., Beyer, Ross A., Nimmo, Francis, Singer, Kelsi N., Umurhan, Orkan M., White, Oliver L., Stern, S. Alan, Ennico, Kimberly, Olkin, Cathy B., Weaver, Harold A., Young, Leslie A., Binzel, Richard P., Buie, Marc W., Buratti, Bonnie J., Cheng, Andrew F., Cruikshank, Dale P., Grundy, Will M., Linscott, Ivan R., Reitsema, Harold J., Reuter, Dennis C., Showalter, Mark R., Bray, Veronica J., Chavez, Carrie L., Howett, Carly J. A., Lauer, Tod R., Lisse, Carey M., Parker, Alex Harrison, Porter, S. B., Robbins, Simon J., Runyon, Kirby, Stryk, Ted, Throop, Henry B., Tsang, Constantine C. C., Verbiscer, Anne J., Zangari, Amanda M., Chaikin, Andrew L., and Wilhelms, Don E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has revealed the complex geology of Pluto and Charon. Pluto's encounter hemisphere shows ongoing surface geological activity centered on a vast basin containing a thick layer of volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no greater than $\approx$10 Ma. Surrounding terrains show active glacial flow, apparent transport and rotation of large buoyant water-ice crustal blocks, and pitting, likely by sublimation erosion and/or collapse. More enigmatic features include tall mounds with central depressions that are conceivably cryovolcanic, and ridges with complex bladed textures. Pluto also has ancient cratered terrains up to ~4 Ga old that are extensionally fractured and extensively mantled and perhaps eroded by glacial or other processes. Charon does not appear to be currently active, but experienced major extensional tectonism and resurfacing (probably cryovolcanic) nearly 4 billion years ago. Impact crater populations on Pluto and Charon are not consistent with the steepest proposed impactor size-frequency distributions proposed for the Kuiper belt.

Published
2016
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4. The Small Satellites of Pluto as Observed by New Horizons

Author

Weaver, H. A., Buie, M. W., Buratti, B. J., Grundy, W. M., Lauer, T. R., Olkin, C. B., Parker, A. H., Porter, S. B., Showalter, M. R., Spencer, J. R., Stern, S. A., Verbiscer, A. J., McKinnon, W. B., Moore, J. M., Robbins, S. J., Schenk, P., Singer, K. N., Barnouin, O. S., Cheng, A. F., Ernst, C. M., Lisse, C. M., Jennings, D. E., Lunsford, A. W., Reuter, D. C., Hamilton, D. P., Kaufmann, D. E., Ennico, K., Young, L. A., Beyer, R. A., Binzel, R. P., Bray, V. J., Chaikin, A. L., Cook, J. C., Cruikshank, D. P., Ore, C. M. Dalle, Earle, A. M., Gladstone, G. R., Howett, C. J. A., Linscott, I. R., Nimmo, F., Parker, J. Wm., Philippe, S., Protopapa, S., Reitsema, H. J., Schmitt, B., Stryk, T., Summers, M. E., Tsang, C. C. C., Throop, H. H. B., White, O. L., and Zangari, A. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The New Horizons mission has provided resolved measurements of Pluto's moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. All four are small, with equivalent spherical diameters of $\approx$40 km for Nix and Hydra and ~10 km for Styx and Kerberos. They are also highly elongated, with maximum to minimum axis ratios of $\approx$2. All four moons have high albedos ( $\approx$50-90 %) suggestive of a water-ice surface composition. Crater densities on Nix and Hydra imply surface ages $\gtrsim$ 4 Ga. The small moons rotate much faster than synchronous, with rotational poles clustered nearly orthogonal to the common pole directions of Pluto and Charon. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the small moons formed in the aftermath of a collision that produced the Pluto-Charon binary., Comment: in Science 351, aae0030 (2016)

Published
2016
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5. PLANETARY SCIENCE: The small satellites of Pluto as observed by New Horizons

Author

Weaver, H. A., Buie, M. W., Buratti, B. J., Grundy, W. M., Lauer, T. R., Olkin, C. B., Parker, A. H., Porter, S. B., Showalter, M. R., Spencer, J. R., Stern, S. A., Verbiscer, A. J., McKinnon, W. B., Moore, J. M., Robbins, S. J., Schenk, P., Singer, K. N., Barnouin, O. S., Cheng, A. F., Ernst, C. M., Lisse, C. M., Jennings, D. E., Lunsford, A. W., Reuter, D. C., Hamilton, D. P., Kaufmann, D. E., Ennico, K., Young, L. A., Beyer, R. A., Binzel, R. P., Bray, V. J., Chaikin, A. L., Cook, J. C., Cruikshank, D. P., Dalle Ore, C. M., Earle, A. M., Gladstone, G. R., Howett, C. J.A., Linscott, I. R., Nimmo, F., Parker, J. Wm., Philippe, S., Protopapa, S., Reitsema, H. J., Schmitt, B., Stryk, T., Summers, M. E., Tsang, C. C.C., Throop, H. H.B., White, O. L., and Zangari, A. M.

Published
2016
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6. PLANETARY SCIENCE: The geology of Pluto and Charon through the eyes of New Horizons

Author

Moore, Jeffrey M., McKinnon, William B., Spencer, John R., Howard, Alan D., Schenk, Paul M., Beyer, Ross A., Nimmo, Francis, Singer, Kelsi N., Umurhan, Orkan M., White, Oliver L., Stern, Alan S., Ennico, Kimberly, Olkin, Cathy B., Weaver, Harold A., Young, Leslie A., Binzel, Richard P., Buie, Marc W., Buratti, Bonnie J., Cheng, Andrew F., Cruikshank, Dale P., Grundy, Will M., Linscott, Ivan R., Reitsema, Harold J., Reuter, Dennis C., Showalter, Mark R., Bray, Veronica J., Chavez, Carrie L., Howett, Carly J.A., Lauer, Tod R., Lisse, Carey M., Parker, Alex Harrison, Porter, S. B., Robbins, Stuart J., Runyon, Kirby, Stryk, Ted, Throop, Henry B., Tsang, Constantine C.C., Verbiscer, Anne J., Zangari, Amanda M., Chaikin, Andrew L., Wilhelms, Don E., and Science Team, New Horizons

Published
2016
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7. The geology and geophysics of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth

Author

Spencer, J. R., primary, Stern, S. A., additional, Moore, J. M., additional, Weaver, H. A., additional, Singer, K. N., additional, Olkin, C. B, additional, Verbiscer, A. J., additional, McKinnon, W. B., additional, Parker, J. Wm., additional, Beyer, R. A., additional, Keane, J. T., additional, Lauer, T. R., additional, Porter, S. B., additional, White, O. L., additional, Buratti, B. J., additional, El-Maarry, M. R., additional, Lisse, C. M., additional, Parker, A. H., additional, Throop, H. B., additional, Robbins, S. J., additional, Umurhan, O. M., additional, Binzel, R. P., additional, Britt, D. T., additional, Buie, M. W., additional, Cheng, A. F., additional, Cruikshank, D. P., additional, Elliott, H. A., additional, Gladstone, G. R., additional, Grundy, W. M., additional, Hill, M. E., additional, Horanyi, M., additional, Jennings, D. E., additional, Kavelaars, J. J., additional, Linscott, I. R., additional, McComas, D. J., additional, McNutt, R. L., additional, Protopapa, S., additional, Reuter, D. C., additional, Schenk, P. M., additional, Showalter, M. R., additional, Young, L. A., additional, Zangari, A. M., additional, Abedin, A. Y., additional, Beddingfield, C. B., additional, Benecchi, S. D., additional, Bernardoni, E., additional, Bierson, C. J., additional, Borncamp, D., additional, Bray, V. J., additional, Chaikin, A. L., additional, Dhingra, R. D., additional, Fuentes, C., additional, Fuse, T., additional, Gay, P. L, additional, Gwyn, S. D. J., additional, Hamilton, D. P., additional, Hofgartner, J. D., additional, Holman, M. J., additional, Howard, A. D., additional, Howett, C. J. A., additional, Karoji, H., additional, Kaufmann, D. E., additional, Kinczyk, M., additional, May, B. H., additional, Mountain, M., additional, Pätzold, M., additional, Petit, J. M., additional, Piquette, M. R., additional, Reid, I. N., additional, Reitsema, H. J., additional, Runyon, K. D., additional, Sheppard, S. S., additional, Stansberry, J. A., additional, Stryk, T., additional, Tanga, P., additional, Tholen, D. J., additional, Trilling, D. E., additional, and Wasserman, L. H., additional

Published
2020
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8. Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU69, a small Kuiper Belt object

Author

Stern, S. A., Weaver, H. A., Spencer, J. R., Olkin, C. B., Gladstone, G. R., Grundy, W. M., Moore, J. M., Cruikshank, D. P., Elliott, H. A., McKinnon, W. B., Parker, J. Wm., Verbiscer, A. J., Young, L. A., Aguilar, D. A., Albers, J. M., Andert, T., Andrews, J. P., Bagenal, F., Banks, M. E., Bauer, B. A., Bauman, J. A., Bechtold, K. E., Beddingfield, C. B., Behrooz, N., Beisser, K. B., Benecchi, S. D., Bernardoni, E., Beyer, R. A., Bhaskaran, S., Bierson, C. J., Binzel, R. P., Birath, E. M., Bird, M. K., Boone, D. R., Bowman, A. F., Bray, V. J., Britt, D. T., Brown, L. E., Buckley, M. R., Buie, M. W., Buratti, B. J., Burke, L. M., Bushman, S. S., Careich, B., Chaikin, A. L., Chavez, C. L., Cheng, A. F., Colwell, E. J., Conard, S. J., Conner, M. P., Conrad, C. A., Cook, J. C., Cooper, S. B., Custodio, O. S., Ore, C. M. Dalle, Deboy, C. C., Dharmavaram, P., Dhingra, R. D., Dunn, G. F., Earle, A. M., Egan, A. F., Eisig, J., El-Maarry, M. R., Engelbrecht, C., Enke, B. L., Ercol, C. J., Fattig, E. D., Ferrell, C. L., Finley, T. J., Firer, J., Fischetti, J., Folkner, W. M., Fosbury, M. N., Fountain, G. H., Freeze, J. M., Gabasova, L., Glaze, L. S., Green, J. L., Griffith, G. A., Guo, Y., Hahn, M., Hals, D. W., Hamilton, D. P., Hamilton, S. A., Hanley, J. J., Harch, A., Harmon, K. A., Hart, H. M., Hayes, J., Hersman, C. B., Hill, M. E., Hill, T. A., Hofgartner, J. D., Holdridge, M. E., Horanyi, M., Hosadurga, A., Howard, A. D., Howett, C. J. A., Jaskulek, S. E., Jennings, D. E., Jensen, J. R., Jones, M. R., Kang, H. K., Katz, D. J., Kaufmann, D. E., Kavelaars, J. J., Keane, J. T., Keleher, G. P., Kinczyk, M., Kochte, M. C., Kolmnann, P., Krimigis, S. M., Kruizinga, G. L., Kusnierkiewicz, D. Y., Lahr, M. S., Lauer, T. R., Lawrence, G. B., Lee, J. E., Lessac-Chenen, E. J., Linscott, I. R., Lisse, C. M., Lunsford, A. W., Mages, D. M., Mallder, V. A., Martin, N. P., May, B. H., McComas, D. J., MeNutt, R. L., Jr., Mehoke, D. S., Mehoke, T. S., Nelson, D. S., Nguyen, H. D., Nunez, J. I., Ocampo, A. C., Owen, W. M., Oxton, G. K., Parker, A. H., Patzold, M., Pelgrift, J. Y., Pelletier, F. J., Pineau, J. P., Piquette, M. R., Porter, S. B., Protopapa, S., Quirico, E., Redfern, J. A., Regiec, A. L., Reitsema, H. J., Reuter, D. C., Richardson, D. C., Riedel, J. E., Ritterbush, M. A., Robbins, S. J., Rodgers, D. J., Rogers, G. D., Rose, D. M., Rosendal, P. E., Runyon, K. D., Ryschkewitsch, M. G., Saina, M. M., Salinas, M. J., Schenk, P. M., Scherrer, J. R., Schlei, W. R., Schmitt, B., Schultz, D. J., Schurr, D. C., Scipioni, F., Sepan, R. L., Shelton, R. G., Showalter, M. R., Simon, M., Singer, K. N., Stahlheber, E. W., Stanbridge, D. R., Stansberry, J. A., Steffi, A. J., Strobel, D. F., Stothoff, M. M., Stryk, T., Stuart, J. M., Summers, M. E., Tapley, M. B., Taylor, A., Taylor, H. W., Tedford, R. M., Throop, H. B., Turner, L. S., Umurhan, O. M., Van Eck, J., Velez, D., Versteeg, M. H., Vincent, M. A., Webbert, R. W., Weidner, S. E., Ii, G. E. Weigle, Wendel, J. R., White, O. L., Whittenburg, K. E., Williams, B. G., Williams, K. E., Williams, S. P., Wimters, H. L., Zangari, A. M., Zurbuchen, T. H., Stern, S. A., Weaver, H. A., Spencer, J. R., Olkin, C. B., Gladstone, G. R., Grundy, W. M., Moore, J. M., Cruikshank, D. P., Elliott, H. A., McKinnon, W. B., Parker, J. Wm., Verbiscer, A. J., Young, L. A., Aguilar, D. A., Albers, J. M., Andert, T., Andrews, J. P., Bagenal, F., Banks, M. E., Bauer, B. A., Bauman, J. A., Bechtold, K. E., Beddingfield, C. B., Behrooz, N., Beisser, K. B., Benecchi, S. D., Bernardoni, E., Beyer, R. A., Bhaskaran, S., Bierson, C. J., Binzel, R. P., Birath, E. M., Bird, M. K., Boone, D. R., Bowman, A. F., Bray, V. J., Britt, D. T., Brown, L. E., Buckley, M. R., Buie, M. W., Buratti, B. J., Burke, L. M., Bushman, S. S., Careich, B., Chaikin, A. L., Chavez, C. L., Cheng, A. F., Colwell, E. J., Conard, S. J., Conner, M. P., Conrad, C. A., Cook, J. C., Cooper, S. B., Custodio, O. S., Ore, C. M. Dalle, Deboy, C. C., Dharmavaram, P., Dhingra, R. D., Dunn, G. F., Earle, A. M., Egan, A. F., Eisig, J., El-Maarry, M. R., Engelbrecht, C., Enke, B. L., Ercol, C. J., Fattig, E. D., Ferrell, C. L., Finley, T. J., Firer, J., Fischetti, J., Folkner, W. M., Fosbury, M. N., Fountain, G. H., Freeze, J. M., Gabasova, L., Glaze, L. S., Green, J. L., Griffith, G. A., Guo, Y., Hahn, M., Hals, D. W., Hamilton, D. P., Hamilton, S. A., Hanley, J. J., Harch, A., Harmon, K. A., Hart, H. M., Hayes, J., Hersman, C. B., Hill, M. E., Hill, T. A., Hofgartner, J. D., Holdridge, M. E., Horanyi, M., Hosadurga, A., Howard, A. D., Howett, C. J. A., Jaskulek, S. E., Jennings, D. E., Jensen, J. R., Jones, M. R., Kang, H. K., Katz, D. J., Kaufmann, D. E., Kavelaars, J. J., Keane, J. T., Keleher, G. P., Kinczyk, M., Kochte, M. C., Kolmnann, P., Krimigis, S. M., Kruizinga, G. L., Kusnierkiewicz, D. Y., Lahr, M. S., Lauer, T. R., Lawrence, G. B., Lee, J. E., Lessac-Chenen, E. J., Linscott, I. R., Lisse, C. M., Lunsford, A. W., Mages, D. M., Mallder, V. A., Martin, N. P., May, B. H., McComas, D. J., MeNutt, R. L., Jr., Mehoke, D. S., Mehoke, T. S., Nelson, D. S., Nguyen, H. D., Nunez, J. I., Ocampo, A. C., Owen, W. M., Oxton, G. K., Parker, A. H., Patzold, M., Pelgrift, J. Y., Pelletier, F. J., Pineau, J. P., Piquette, M. R., Porter, S. B., Protopapa, S., Quirico, E., Redfern, J. A., Regiec, A. L., Reitsema, H. J., Reuter, D. C., Richardson, D. C., Riedel, J. E., Ritterbush, M. A., Robbins, S. J., Rodgers, D. J., Rogers, G. D., Rose, D. M., Rosendal, P. E., Runyon, K. D., Ryschkewitsch, M. G., Saina, M. M., Salinas, M. J., Schenk, P. M., Scherrer, J. R., Schlei, W. R., Schmitt, B., Schultz, D. J., Schurr, D. C., Scipioni, F., Sepan, R. L., Shelton, R. G., Showalter, M. R., Simon, M., Singer, K. N., Stahlheber, E. W., Stanbridge, D. R., Stansberry, J. A., Steffi, A. J., Strobel, D. F., Stothoff, M. M., Stryk, T., Stuart, J. M., Summers, M. E., Tapley, M. B., Taylor, A., Taylor, H. W., Tedford, R. M., Throop, H. B., Turner, L. S., Umurhan, O. M., Van Eck, J., Velez, D., Versteeg, M. H., Vincent, M. A., Webbert, R. W., Weidner, S. E., Ii, G. E. Weigle, Wendel, J. R., White, O. L., Whittenburg, K. E., Williams, B. G., Williams, K. E., Williams, S. P., Wimters, H. L., Zangari, A. M., and Zurbuchen, T. H.

Abstract

The Kuiper Belt is a distant region of the outer Solar System. On 1 January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew close to (486958) 2014 MU69, a cold classical Kuiper Belt object approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. Such objects have never been substantially heated by the Sun and are therefore well preserved since their formation. We describe initial results from these encounter observations. MU69 is a bilobed contact binary with a flattened shape, discrete geological units, and noticeable albedo heterogeneity. However, there is little surface color or compositional heterogeneity. No evidence for satellites, rings or other dust structures, a gas coma, or solar wind interactions was detected. MU69's origin appears consistent with pebble cloud collapse followed by a low-velocity merger of its two lobes.

Published
2019

9. Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU69, a small Kuiper Belt object

Author

Stern, S. A., primary, Weaver, H. A., additional, Spencer, J. R., additional, Olkin, C. B., additional, Gladstone, G. R., additional, Grundy, W. M., additional, Moore, J. M., additional, Cruikshank, D. P., additional, Elliott, H. A., additional, McKinnon, W. B., additional, Parker, J. Wm., additional, Verbiscer, A. J., additional, Young, L. A., additional, Aguilar, D. A., additional, Albers, J. M., additional, Andert, T., additional, Andrews, J. P., additional, Bagenal, F., additional, Banks, M. E., additional, Bauer, B. A., additional, Bauman, J. A., additional, Bechtold, K. E., additional, Beddingfield, C. B., additional, Behrooz, N., additional, Beisser, K. B., additional, Benecchi, S. D., additional, Bernardoni, E., additional, Beyer, R. A., additional, Bhaskaran, S., additional, Bierson, C. J., additional, Binzel, R. P., additional, Birath, E. M., additional, Bird, M. K., additional, Boone, D. R., additional, Bowman, A. F., additional, Bray, V. J., additional, Britt, D. T., additional, Brown, L. E., additional, Buckley, M. R., additional, Buie, M. W., additional, Buratti, B. J., additional, Burke, L. M., additional, Bushman, S. S., additional, Carcich, B., additional, Chaikin, A. L., additional, Chavez, C. L., additional, Cheng, A. F., additional, Colwell, E. J., additional, Conard, S. J., additional, Conner, M. P., additional, Conrad, C. A., additional, Cook, J. C., additional, Cooper, S. B., additional, Custodio, O. S., additional, Dalle Ore, C. M., additional, Deboy, C. C., additional, Dharmavaram, P., additional, Dhingra, R. D., additional, Dunn, G. F., additional, Earle, A. M., additional, Egan, A. F., additional, Eisig, J., additional, El-Maarry, M. R., additional, Engelbrecht, C., additional, Enke, B. L., additional, Ercol, C. J., additional, Fattig, E. D., additional, Ferrell, C. L., additional, Finley, T. J., additional, Firer, J., additional, Fischetti, J., additional, Folkner, W. M., additional, Fosbury, M. N., additional, Fountain, G. H., additional, Freeze, J. M., additional, Gabasova, L., additional, Glaze, L. S., additional, Green, J. L., additional, Griffith, G. A., additional, Guo, Y., additional, Hahn, M., additional, Hals, D. W., additional, Hamilton, D. P., additional, Hamilton, S. A., additional, Hanley, J. J., additional, Harch, A., additional, Harmon, K. A., additional, Hart, H. M., additional, Hayes, J., additional, Hersman, C. B., additional, Hill, M. E., additional, Hill, T. A., additional, Hofgartner, J. D., additional, Holdridge, M. E., additional, Horányi, M., additional, Hosadurga, A., additional, Howard, A. D., additional, Howett, C. J. A., additional, Jaskulek, S. E., additional, Jennings, D. E., additional, Jensen, J. R., additional, Jones, M. R., additional, Kang, H. K., additional, Katz, D. J., additional, Kaufmann, D. E., additional, Kavelaars, J. J., additional, Keane, J. T., additional, Keleher, G. P., additional, Kinczyk, M., additional, Kochte, M. C., additional, Kollmann, P., additional, Krimigis, S. M., additional, Kruizinga, G. L., additional, Kusnierkiewicz, D. Y., additional, Lahr, M. S., additional, Lauer, T. R., additional, Lawrence, G. B., additional, Lee, J. E., additional, Lessac-Chenen, E. J., additional, Linscott, I. R., additional, Lisse, C. M., additional, Lunsford, A. W., additional, Mages, D. M., additional, Mallder, V. A., additional, Martin, N. P., additional, May, B. H., additional, McComas, D. J., additional, McNutt, R. L., additional, Mehoke, D. S., additional, Mehoke, T. S., additional, Nelson, D. S., additional, Nguyen, H. D., additional, Núñez, J. I., additional, Ocampo, A. C., additional, Owen, W. M., additional, Oxton, G. K., additional, Parker, A. H., additional, Pätzold, M., additional, Pelgrift, J. Y., additional, Pelletier, F. J., additional, Pineau, J. P., additional, Piquette, M. R., additional, Porter, S. B., additional, Protopapa, S., additional, Quirico, E., additional, Redfern, J. A., additional, Regiec, A. L., additional, Reitsema, H. J., additional, Reuter, D. C., additional, Richardson, D. C., additional, Riedel, J. E., additional, Ritterbush, M. A., additional, Robbins, S. J., additional, Rodgers, D. J., additional, Rogers, G. D., additional, Rose, D. M., additional, Rosendall, P. E., additional, Runyon, K. D., additional, Ryschkewitsch, M. G., additional, Saina, M. M., additional, Salinas, M. J., additional, Schenk, P. M., additional, Scherrer, J. R., additional, Schlei, W. R., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Schultz, D. J., additional, Schurr, D. C., additional, Scipioni, F., additional, Sepan, R. L., additional, Shelton, R. G., additional, Showalter, M. R., additional, Simon, M., additional, Singer, K. N., additional, Stahlheber, E. W., additional, Stanbridge, D. R., additional, Stansberry, J. A., additional, Steffl, A. J., additional, Strobel, D. F., additional, Stothoff, M. M., additional, Stryk, T., additional, Stuart, J. R., additional, Summers, M. E., additional, Tapley, M. B., additional, Taylor, A., additional, Taylor, H. W., additional, Tedford, R. M., additional, Throop, H. B., additional, Turner, L. S., additional, Umurhan, O. M., additional, Van Eck, J., additional, Velez, D., additional, Versteeg, M. H., additional, Vincent, M. A., additional, Webbert, R. W., additional, Weidner, S. E., additional, Weigle, G. E., additional, Wendel, J. R., additional, White, O. L., additional, Whittenburg, K. E., additional, Williams, B. G., additional, Williams, K. E., additional, Williams, S. P., additional, Winters, H. L., additional, Zangari, A. M., additional, and Zurbuchen, T. H., additional

Published
2019
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11. Neuroticism and Disclosure Reciprocity

Author

Chaikin, Alan L.

Abstract

College males identified as either "normal" or "neurotic" by their scores on the Maudsley Personality Inventory were exposed to a confederate who disclosed either intimate or superficial information about himself. Results suggest that neuroticism may be related to inappropriate or nonnormative disclosure. (Author)

Published
1975

12. Nonverbal Mediators of Teacher Expectancy Effects

Author

Chaikin, Alan L.

Abstract

This study describes nonverbal behaviors on the part of subjects asked to give five minutes of instruction to a ten-year-old student, described as either bright or slow or not described at all in terms of IQ. (JH)

Published
1974

13. Variables Affecting the Appropriateness of Self-Disclosure

Author

Chaikin, Alan L. and Derlega, Valerian J.

Abstract

Intimate self-disclosure to a stranger or an acquaintance was seen as less appropriate than nondisclosure. Disclosure to someone of a different age was seen as less appropriate than nondisclosure. Disclosure or nondisclosure to a person of the same age or to a friend was perceived as appropriate. (Author)

Published
1974

14. Norms Affecting Self-Disclosure in Men and Women

Author

Derlega, Valerian J. and Chaikin, Alan L.

Abstract

It was predicted that attributions of mental illness would be based on the extent to which self-disclosure deviates from appropriate sex role behavior for men and women with self-disclosure perceived as appropriate for women and inappropriate for men. The findings supported the hypotheses. (Author/NG)

Published
1976

15. The small satellites of Pluto as observed by New Horizons

Author

Weaver, H. A., primary, Buie, M. W., additional, Buratti, B. J., additional, Grundy, W. M., additional, Lauer, T. R., additional, Olkin, C. B., additional, Parker, A. H., additional, Porter, S. B., additional, Showalter, M. R., additional, Spencer, J. R., additional, Stern, S. A., additional, Verbiscer, A. J., additional, McKinnon, W. B., additional, Moore, J. M., additional, Robbins, S. J., additional, Schenk, P., additional, Singer, K. N., additional, Barnouin, O. S., additional, Cheng, A. F., additional, Ernst, C. M., additional, Lisse, C. M., additional, Jennings, D. E., additional, Lunsford, A. W., additional, Reuter, D. C., additional, Hamilton, D. P., additional, Kaufmann, D. E., additional, Ennico, K., additional, Young, L. A., additional, Beyer, R. A., additional, Binzel, R. P., additional, Bray, V. J., additional, Chaikin, A. L., additional, Cook, J. C., additional, Cruikshank, D. P., additional, Dalle Ore, C. M., additional, Earle, A. M., additional, Gladstone, G. R., additional, Howett, C. J. A., additional, Linscott, I. R., additional, Nimmo, F., additional, Parker, J. Wm., additional, Philippe, S., additional, Protopapa, S., additional, Reitsema, H. J., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Stryk, T., additional, Summers, M. E., additional, Tsang, C. C. C., additional, Throop, H. H. B., additional, White, O. L., additional, and Zangari, A. M., additional

Published
2016
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16. Effects of Room Environment on Self-Disclosure in a Counseling Analogue

Author

Chaikin, Alan L.

Abstract

Subjects (N=52) took part in an investigation of the effects of room environment on self-disclosure in a counseling analogue procedure. Results indicated that intimacy of self-disclosure was significantly higher in a warm, intimate room than in a "cold," nonintimate room. Theoretical reasons for these results and practical applications are discussed. (Author)

Published
1976

20. Temporal changes in the Cerberus region of Mars - Mariner 9 and Viking comparisons

Author

Chaikin, A. L, Maxwell, T. A, and El-Baz, F

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

Mariner 9 images of the Cerberus dark region of Mars obtained in 1972 are compared with Viking Orbiter 1 images obtained in 1978 to investigate temporal changes in the appearance of the region. Changes in the outline of the albedo feature in the six years between observations are found which resulted in an increase in total area by about 1.2%, with a shift in the boundary of the southwestern region by as much as 90 km. Darkening of many areas of Cerberus is also observed, resulting in the development of a more uniform dark tone and accompanied by the disappearance of dark filamentary markings observed in 1972. Although neither streaks associated with craters and knobs are found to vary in mean length, a change in the mean orientation of bright streaks is observed. These changes are explained by eolian redistribution and the removal of bright material during major dust storms.

Published
1981
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22. Liking for the norm-breaker in self-disclosure.

Author

Chaikin, Alan L., Derlega, Valerian J., Chaikin, A L, and Derlega, V J

Subjects
SELF-disclosure, INTERPERSONAL communication, SELF-presentation, SOCIAL norms, PERSONALITY, HUMAN behavior
Abstract

The article discusses the attraction of people towards a self-discloser, a person who reveals highly intimate information about himself to others. It seems obvious that no simple relationship between level of disclosure and evaluation of the discloser exists, the task thus becomes one of specifying the factors which affect the nature of the relationship. One common finding in the self-disclosure literature is the "dyadic effect", according to which, a subject tends to reciprocate the same level of intimacy to the discloser that has been revealed to him. In one research study, observers witnessed two strangers conversing. The first stranger disclosed either intimate or nonintimate information about herself, the second stranger replied with either intimate or nonintimate information about herself. The normbreaker was liked less than the actress who observed the reciprocity norm. The nonintimate normbreaker was rated as "cold," while the intimate normbreaker was seen as "maladjusted." In addition, observers rated intimate disclosure in the situation as unusual and inappropriate.

Published
1974
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24. Privacy and Self-Disclosure in Social Relationships.

Author

Derlega, Valerian J. and Chaikin, Alan L.

Subjects
PRIVACY, SELF-disclosure, SOCIAL interaction, RIGHT of privacy, INTERPERSONAL communication, SOCIAL psychology
Abstract

Privacy is viewed as a process of boundary regulation, controlling how much (or how little) contact an individual maintains with others. Self-disclosure involves the verbal transmission of information. Adjustment of self-disclosure outputs and inputs is boundary regulation; the extent of control one maintains over this exchange of information contributes to the amount of privacy one has in a social relationship. Regulation of interpersonal boundaries affects the kinds of relationships we maintain with others (as in friendships and power relationships). There also are implications for personality functioning. Reconceptualizing self-disclosure as a form of boundary adjustment in the maintenance of privacy may provide a useful framework for integrating the self-disclosure literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1977
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25. The effects of four outcome schedules on persistence, liking for the task, and attributions of causality.

Author

Chaikin, Alan L.

Subjects
MOTIVATION (Psychology), COGNITIVE dissonance, INTERPERSONAL communication, ATTITUDE (Psychology), COMMUNICATION, INTERPERSONAL relations
Abstract

If the need to achieve competence in one's dealings with the environment is truly a drive state in human beings, it should show evidence of satiation once competence has been attained, in the same way that rats appear to undergo satiation of perceptual curiosity. Thus, perceived competence on a task should lead to a lessening of interest in that task and a desire to go on to a new task. Motivation to avoid unsuccessful interaction with the environment should be most operative when the person perceives that complete incompetence can be avoided if activity on the task ceases immediately, in contrast to the situation where incompetence has already occurred and cannot be avoided by leaving the field. Success subjects should attribute more internal causality to themselves than failure subjects, similarly, ascending subjects should be higher in internal causality than descending subjects, on the second measure.

Published
1971
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27. ERRATUM

Author

Derlega, Valerian J., primary and Chaikin, Alan L., additional

Published
1977
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37. CORRESPONDENCE.

Author

Lessinger, Eric, Harris, Julie, Trytek, Linda, Lit, Peter, Chaikin, Harry L., Jones, Page, Long, Sharon Beth, Thesenga, Susan, Lieder, Cecilia, and Warner, Caroline

Subjects
EUTHANASIA, MEDICINE
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "The Long Goodbye," an interview by Sam Mowe about euthanasia in the April 2014 issue, Katy Butler interview on "How Modern Medicine Decreases Our Chance of a Good Death" and other end-of-life issues.

Published
2014

39. Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU 69 , a small Kuiper Belt object.

Author

Stern SA, Weaver HA, Spencer JR, Olkin CB, Gladstone GR, Grundy WM, Moore JM, Cruikshank DP, Elliott HA, McKinnon WB, Parker JW, Verbiscer AJ, Young LA, Aguilar DA, Albers JM, Andert T, Andrews JP, Bagenal F, Banks ME, Bauer BA, Bauman JA, Bechtold KE, Beddingfield CB, Behrooz N, Beisser KB, Benecchi SD, Bernardoni E, Beyer RA, Bhaskaran S, Bierson CJ, Binzel RP, Birath EM, Bird MK, Boone DR, Bowman AF, Bray VJ, Britt DT, Brown LE, Buckley MR, Buie MW, Buratti BJ, Burke LM, Bushman SS, Carcich B, Chaikin AL, Chavez CL, Cheng AF, Colwell EJ, Conard SJ, Conner MP, Conrad CA, Cook JC, Cooper SB, Custodio OS, Dalle Ore CM, Deboy CC, Dharmavaram P, Dhingra RD, Dunn GF, Earle AM, Egan AF, Eisig J, El-Maarry MR, Engelbrecht C, Enke BL, Ercol CJ, Fattig ED, Ferrell CL, Finley TJ, Firer J, Fischetti J, Folkner WM, Fosbury MN, Fountain GH, Freeze JM, Gabasova L, Glaze LS, Green JL, Griffith GA, Guo Y, Hahn M, Hals DW, Hamilton DP, Hamilton SA, Hanley JJ, Harch A, Harmon KA, Hart HM, Hayes J, Hersman CB, Hill ME, Hill TA, Hofgartner JD, Holdridge ME, Horányi M, Hosadurga A, Howard AD, Howett CJA, Jaskulek SE, Jennings DE, Jensen JR, Jones MR, Kang HK, Katz DJ, Kaufmann DE, Kavelaars JJ, Keane JT, Keleher GP, Kinczyk M, Kochte MC, Kollmann P, Krimigis SM, Kruizinga GL, Kusnierkiewicz DY, Lahr MS, Lauer TR, Lawrence GB, Lee JE, Lessac-Chenen EJ, Linscott IR, Lisse CM, Lunsford AW, Mages DM, Mallder VA, Martin NP, May BH, McComas DJ, McNutt RL Jr, Mehoke DS, Mehoke TS, Nelson DS, Nguyen HD, Núñez JI, Ocampo AC, Owen WM, Oxton GK, Parker AH, Pätzold M, Pelgrift JY, Pelletier FJ, Pineau JP, Piquette MR, Porter SB, Protopapa S, Quirico E, Redfern JA, Regiec AL, Reitsema HJ, Reuter DC, Richardson DC, Riedel JE, Ritterbush MA, Robbins SJ, Rodgers DJ, Rogers GD, Rose DM, Rosendall PE, Runyon KD, Ryschkewitsch MG, Saina MM, Salinas MJ, Schenk PM, Scherrer JR, Schlei WR, Schmitt B, Schultz DJ, Schurr DC, Scipioni F, Sepan RL, Shelton RG, Showalter MR, Simon M, Singer KN, Stahlheber EW, Stanbridge DR, Stansberry JA, Steffl AJ, Strobel DF, Stothoff MM, Stryk T, Stuart JR, Summers ME, Tapley MB, Taylor A, Taylor HW, Tedford RM, Throop HB, Turner LS, Umurhan OM, Van Eck J, Velez D, Versteeg MH, Vincent MA, Webbert RW, Weidner SE, Weigle GE 2nd, Wendel JR, White OL, Whittenburg KE, Williams BG, Williams KE, Williams SP, Winters HL, Zangari AM, and Zurbuchen TH

Abstract

The Kuiper Belt is a distant region of the outer Solar System. On 1 January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew close to (486958) 2014 MU 69 , a cold classical Kuiper Belt object approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. Such objects have never been substantially heated by the Sun and are therefore well preserved since their formation. We describe initial results from these encounter observations. MU 69 is a bilobed contact binary with a flattened shape, discrete geological units, and noticeable albedo heterogeneity. However, there is little surface color or compositional heterogeneity. No evidence for satellites, rings or other dust structures, a gas coma, or solar wind interactions was detected. MU 69 's origin appears consistent with pebble cloud collapse followed by a low-velocity merger of its two lobes., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

Published
2019
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