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The real predictive prognostic capacity of cellular indices (or ratios) is unclear in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of previously well-known laboratory indices and new ones in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.A retrospective observational study from March to May 2022 evaluated laboratory indices on admission (neutrophil to lymphocyte-, derived neutrophil to lymphocyte-, platelet to lymphocyte-, CRP to lymphocyte-, CRP to albumin-, fibrinogen to lymphocyte-, d-dimer to lymphocyte-, ferritin to lymphocyte-, LDH to lymphocyte-, and IL-6 to lymphocyte ratios), in patients hospitalized due to SARS-CoV2 infection to determine the association with mortality, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), orotracheal intubation (OTI), or combined event at 30 days follow-up.A total of 1113 COVID-19 patients were evaluated with a mean age of 64.1 ± 15.9 years (58.49% male), 166 (14.91%) patients died, 58 (5.21%) required ICU admission, 73 (6.56%) needed NIMV, 46 (4.23%) needed OTI, and 247 (22.19%) presented the combined event. All the ratios evaluated in this study showed statistical significance in the univariate analysis for mortality and combined event; however, only d-dimer to lymphocyte ratio0.6 presented an independent association in the multivariate analysis for 30-day mortality (adjusted OR 2.32;Laboratory indices might be a potential biomarker for better prognosis stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. d-Dimer to lymphocyte ratio presents an independent association for 30-day mortality and 30-day adverse outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Se presenta la distribución potencial de cultivos en el estado de Mérida, utilizando modelos de distribución basados en datos recopilados en el campo y variables ambientales, y su distribución potencial en escenarios de cambio climático (CC). Se registró la presencia y ausencia de los cultivos: papa, zanahoria, café, cacao y plátano, y se estimó estadísticamente la distribución de cada uno. Con base en las trayectorias de concentración representativas (RCP), se desarrollaron modelos espaciales en escenarios CC. El cultivo de cacao muestra un área potencial de 3,62%, mientras que el cultivo de café de sombra presenta un área posible de 20,33%. Los modelos espaciales actuales tienen un alto potencial climático para la distribución de cultivos de papa y café de sombra. En los escenarios CC, el café disminuyó el área ideal, mientras que los cultivos de papa en 2100 pierden el 69% del área potencial.

fotografías, gráficos, ilustraciones, mapas, tablas. La falta de sistemas de medición hidrometeorológica en algunas ciudades de la región andina de Colombia ha generado que se presente un desconocimiento total del potencial hídrico que existe en estas regiones. En las regiones andinas el sistema montañoso se caracteriza por una topografía cambiante y una amplia biodiversidad de ecosistemas. La falta de equipos de monitoreo que permitan cuantificar y valorar el recurso hídrico de una región ha generado que Colombia desconozca el comportamiento exacto del clima en sus regiones y que se puedan mitigar o prevenir los desastres relacionados con los eventos extremos asociados a las épocas de alta pluviosidad e intensas sequías. Lo anterior tiene especial significancia en las zonas urbanas cuando se relaciona con la planificación del territorio y por ende el desarrollo humano, a lo que la ciudad de Ibagué en el departamento del Tolima no es la excepción. En la actualidad su zona urbana cuenta con solo tres estaciones de medición climatológica de las cuales dos se encuentran al interior del perímetro urbano de la ciudad y una fuera de ella. en donde la única variable medida es la lluvia. La baja cantidad de equipos al interior de la ciudad no permite que las autoridades locales y ambientales cuenten con información precisa que permita desarrollar políticas tendientes a la administración de los recursos hídricos, como tampoco el registro y análisis de los eventos máximos que ocurran en la zona urbana del municipio. Con el presente trabajo se propone la implementación de un sistema de monitoreo hidrometeorológico tendiente a aportar información base en la construcción de conocimiento climático de la ciudad; a su vez, se busca contribuir de manera directa en la generación de información tendiente a adaptar la ciudad a los peligros climáticos que se vienen presentando actualmente. (Texto tomado de la fuente) The lack of hydrometeorological measurement systems in some cities of the Andean region of Colombia, where its mountainous system is characterized by a changing topography and a wide biodiversity of ecosystems, has generated a total ignorance of the water potential that exists in these regions, the lack of direct policies that seek to anticipate the generation of natural disasters related to the extreme events associated with times of high rainfall and intense sequences and the lack of monitoring equipment that quantify and value the water resources of a region has controlled that Colombia does not know the behavior of the climate in its regions, especially in urban areas, it is very important when it relates to the planning of the territory and for human development; the city of Ibagué in the department of Tolima, is no exception. At present, the urban area of the city of Ibagué has only three weather measurement stations where the only variable measured is rain, of which two are located inside the urban perimeter of the city and one outside it, The low amount of equipment inside it has helped local and environmental authorities without having accurate information to develop policies aimed at the administration of water resources, as well as the recording and analysis of the maximum events that occur in the urban area of the municipality. With the present work, it is sought to implement a hydrometeorological monitoring system tending to provide basic information in the construction of climate knowledge of the city, in turn, it seeks to contribute directly in the generation of information tending to adapt the city to climate hazards which is currently presented. Another of the main problems of this work is to provide a useful tool that allows the city of Ibagué to be resistant to the damage of climate change that directly threatens its inhabitants and the agricultural development of the region. Maestría Magíster en Ingeniería - Recursos Hidráulicos Ingeniería Civil

[ES] A lo largo de la carretera CV-10, en su punto kilométrico 86+500 entre los T.M. de San Mateo y la Jana se encuentra una obra de paso de longitud 264 metros la cual se puede determinar como de escasa relevancia estructural y poca calidad constructiva, en una inspección realizada de la obra se determina que dicho puente cuenta con muchos fallos que comprometen la seguridad estructural de la misma. Se pretende a través del siguiente estudio plantear distintas alternativas para la reparación o sustitución de la obra. Se realizará un cálculo estructural de las alternativas planteadas para luego realizar una valoración de estas y por último escoger la alternativa que reduzca lo económico., [EN] Along the CV-10 highway, at kilometer 86+500 between the municipalities of San Mateo and la Jana, there is an overpass of 264 meters long which can be determined as of little structural relevance and low constructive quality, in an inspection carried out of this bridge it is determined that the overpass has many failures that compromise the structural safety of it. It is intended through the following study to propose different alternatives for the repair or replacement of the structure. A structural calculation of the proposed alternatives will be carried out and then an assessment of these will be carried out and finally, the alternative that reduces economics will be chosen.

Los ortodoncistas deben informar completamente a los pacientes sobre las implicaciones del tratamiento de ortodoncia y la subsiguiente necesidad de retención. Esta revisión brinda una actualización sobre las recidivas, los movimientos no deseados y los diferentes factores que pueden causar la pérdida de estabilidad después del tratamiento de ortodoncia. Dado que es difícil predecir qué pacientes presentarán algún grado de pérdida de estabilidad después del tratamiento, es importante que sean tratados como si tuvieran un alto potencial de recaída. La presente revisión incluyó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales fuentes de revisión científica, incluyendo Medline vía PubMed, Scopus y la biblioteca Cochrane. La estrategia de búsqueda se llevó a cabo hasta el 5 de mayo de 2022. Solo 34 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Nuestros resultados mostraron que mantener los dientes en la posición correcta después del tratamiento de ortodoncia es un gran desafío para los ortodoncistas. La etiología de la recaída es compleja y aún no está claramente establecida. Su origen se atribuye a factores como el tiempo de reorganización del tejido gingival y periodontal, y a los cambios producidos por el crecimiento, comprometiendo la estabilidad de los resultados alcanzados con el tratamiento de ortodoncia. La fase de retención es necesaria después del tratamiento de ortodoncia para evitar la recaída o la pérdida de los resultados de oclusión obtenidos. Sin embargo, los retenedores fijos pueden inducir un movimiento dental no deseado que puede ocurrir a pesar de que estos retenedores estén colocados e intactos. Actualmente, no hay consenso entre los ortodoncistas con respecto al tipo de alambre ideal para la contención fija. Concluimos que la recidiva postratamiento de ortodoncia es el resultado de una regresión hacia la maloclusión original. Sin embargo, también pueden ocurrir cambios en la posición de los dientes que se consideran movimientos no deseados y tienen un origen multifactorial.

The large number of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) simulators available nowadays, differ in their design, goals, and characteristics. Users who have to decide which simulator is the most appropriate for their particular requirements, are today lost, faced with a panoply of disparate and diverse simulators. Hence, it is obvious the need for establishing guidelines that support users in the tasks of selecting a simulator to suit their preferences and needs. In previous works, we proposed a generic and novel approach to evaluate networks simulators, considering a methodological process and a set of qualitative and quantitative criteria. In particularly, for WSN simulators, the criteria include relevant aspects for this kind of networks, such as energy consumption modelling and scalability capacity. The aims of this work are: (i) describe deeply the criteria related to WSN aspects; (ii) extend and update the state of the art of WSN simulators elaborated in our previous works to identify the most used and cited in scientific articles; and (iii) demonstrate the suitability of our novel methodological approach by evaluating and comparing the three most cited simulators, specially in terms of energy modelling and scalability capacities. Results show that our proposed approach provides researchers with an evaluation tool that can be used to describe and compare WSN simulators in order to select the most appropriate one for a given scenario, 20 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-925953-09-1; International audience; Nowadays, there exists a large number of available network simulators, that differ in their design, goals, and characteristics. Users who have to decide which simulator is the most appropriate for their particular requirements, are today lost, faced with a panoply of disparate and diverse simulators. Hence, it is obvious the need for establishing guidelines that support users in the tasks of selecting and customizing a simulator to suit their preferences and needs. In previous works, we proposed a generic and novel methodological approach to evaluate network simulators, considering a set of qualitative and quantitative criteria. However, it lacks criteria related to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Thus, the aim of this work is three fold: (i) extend the previous proposed methodology to include the evaluation of WSN simulators, such as energy consumption modelling and scalability; (ii) elaborate a study of the state of the art of WSN simulators, with the intention of identifying the most used and cited in scientific articles; and (iii) demonstrate the suitability of our novel methodology by evaluating and comparing three of the most cited simulators. Our novel methodology provides researchers with an evaluation tool that can be used to describe and compare WSN simulators in order to select the most appropriate one for a given scenario.

The interactions between climate and land‐use change are dictating the distribution of flora and fauna and reshuffling biotic community composition around the world. Tropical mountains are particularly sensitive because they often have a high human population density, a long history of agriculture, range‐restricted species, and high‐beta diversity due to a steep elevation gradient. Here we evaluated the change in distribution of woody vegetation in the tropical Andes of South America for the period 2001–2014. For the analyses we created annual land‐cover/land‐use maps using MODIS satellite data at 250 m pixel resolution, calculated the cover of woody vegetation (trees and shrubs) in 9,274 hexagons of 115.47 km2, and then determined if there was a statistically significant (p, The interactions between climate and land‐use change are dictating the distribution of flora and fauna and reshuffling biotic community composition around the world. In the Andes of South America, we found a net increase in woody vegetation above 1000 m. While climate change has likely contributed to this increase, especially at higher elevations, land‐use change is the primary factor altering the contemporary distributions of many species.

Migraine affects more than 35 million people in the United States of America, and 10% of the population in the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment in chronic migraine with frontal or occipital trigger areas.We designed a pilot, proof of concept, and prospective study to analyze the effectiveness of surgical release of trigger nerves in severe frontal or occipital chronic migraines. The study was approved by the Ethics and Investigation Committee of Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González (Monterrey, N.L., Mexico). We included patients diagnosed with chronic migraine by the neurology service of Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González that attended our consult from March to December 2012. The patients were assessed by the MIDAS questionnaire and the diagnosis confirmed by injecting 2% lidocaine in the trigger sites. We realized a superior palpebral approach in frontal migraines to resection the glabellar muscles and an occipital approach to free the greater occipital nerve bilaterally. We evaluated complete and partial clinical response measuring the frequency, intensity, and duration of migraine episodes.We included three patients with Stage IV (severe incapacitating) frontal or occipital chronic migraines. Two were occipital trigger sites and one frontal. We obtained complete clinical response in two patients and a partial response in one. Pain intensity decreased in all patients.Surgical treatment is effective in Stage IV (severe incapacitating) frontal or occipital trigger chronic migraines.La migraña crónica afecta a más de 35 millones de personas en los EE.UU. y al 10% de la población en México. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la efectividad del tratamiento quirúrgico en la migraña crónica con sitios detonantes frontal u occipital para proponerla como alternativa quirúrgica en nuestro medio.Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de migraña crónica con sitios detonantes frontal u occipital valorados por el servicio de neurología del Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González (Monterrey, N.L., México) que acudieron a consulta de marzo a diciembre de 2012, con la autorización del Comité de Ética e Investigación. Se valoraron mediante el cuestionario MIDAS, y los sitios gatillo se confirmaron con la inyección de lidocaína al 2%. Se realizó un abordaje en el surco palpebral superior para liberar los músculos corrugadores y procerus en caso de detonante frontal, y un abordaje occipital para liberar el nervio occipital mayor bilateral. Se valoró la respuesta clínica total y parcial según la intensidad, la frecuencia y la duración de los episodios migrañosos mensuales.Se incluyeron tres pacientes con migraña crónica en etapa IV (incapacidad grave), a los que correspondían dos sitios detonantes frontal y uno occipital. Obtuvimos dos pacientes con respuesta clínica completa y una con respuesta parcial. La intensidad del dolor mejoró en todos los pacientes.El tratamiento quirúrgico es efectivo en la migraña crónica con sitios detonantes frontal u occipital en pacientes con incapacidad grave.

Introduction: drug abuse has a wide impact in family, affecting the health of its members, the quality of their relations, and economic situation and social integration of the family as a whole. Several ways of coping have been identified, depending on the style of parenting and on the incidence of a dominant discourse that permeates family practices and stories with a narrative of stigma and exclusion. Objective: to analyze the content of the experience reported by young drug users about the intervention of their families at the begging of treatment. Method: qualitative study based on a casuistic and thematic analysis of narrative-biographical interviews conducted with a sample of 11 young drug users in treatment. Results: two narratives of family intervention were identified: stories relating to disciplinary and repressive actions that can reach high levels of violence, and, less frequently, stories of family support grouped into two categories, emotional and practical-informative support. Discussion and conclusions: family intervention related with drug use and treatment may be interpreted in terms of the exercise of a “positional” control in the family and of a collectivist culture, dominated by parental authoritarism and a lack of emotional support.----------------------- Introducción: el consumo de drogas impacta a la familia: afecta el estado de salud de sus miembros, la calidad de sus relaciones, su situación económica e integración social. Diversas formas de afrontamiento del uso de drogas han sido identificadas; dependen del estilo de paternidad y de la incidencia de un discurso dominante que impregna las prácticas y los relatos familiares con una narrativa que reproduce la lógica de la exclusión y el estigma. Objetivo: analizar el contenido de la experiencia reportada por jóvenes usuarios de drogas, a propósito de la intervención de su familia al inicio del tratamiento. Método: estudio cualitativo con base en el análisis temático y casuístico de entrevistas biográfico-narrativas con una muestra de once jóvenes usuarios de drogas en tratamiento. Resultados: se identificaron dos narrativas de la intervención familiar: relatos referentes a medidas disciplinarias y represivas que pueden llegar a alcanzar altos grados de violencia y, con una frecuencia menor, relatos sobre expresiones de apoyo familiar agrupadas en dos categorías, apoyo afectivo y práctico-informativo. Discusión y conclusiones: la intervención de la familia frente al uso de drogas y el tratamiento puede ser interpretada en términos de un ejercicio del control de tipo “posicional” y de una cultura colectivista, con predominio del principio de autoridad y falta de apoyo afectivo.

Background: Classifying species from the high tropical Andes into plant life forms (PLF) can provide a more functional understanding of tropical treeline dynamics. However, little is known about the potential response of PLFs to climate warming. Aims: The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of PLFs to environmental conditions above the upper montane forest in the Venezuelan Andes and forecast their potential distribution under warming scenarios using habitat suitability models. Methods: We classified species into nine PLFs, analysed their current distribution using CCA and non-linear multiple regressions and forecasted their potential distribution under warming scenarios. We used anatomical leaf traits for shrubs and caulescent rosettes to refine their potential responses to climate. Results: Tree cover sharply decreased with increasing elevation, while shrub and caulescent rosette distribution differed depending on their leaf traits. Projections suggested an upslope shift of all PLFs with warming and an increase in tree cover. Conclusions: The analysis of the distribution of PLFs, by linking plant adaptive strategies to topography/climate, allowed projecting changes in vegetation physiognomy in response to warming. Projections of a moderate increase in tree cover in the grassland páramo did not indicate the formation of closed forests above the forest line.

The main role of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) on bread gluten properties is very well established. However, there is much less knowledge about the contribution of low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GS) on the functional properties of bread wheat flours. The present study has analyzed a set of segregant lines derived from a cross between two Spanish bread wheat landraces (‘Richela Blanca’ and ‘Jeja Pardilla’) with identical HMW-GS profiles but striking differences on gluten strength according to the predicted by sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDS-S) tests. Their protein band patterns for LMW-GS loci have been determined by means of one-dimensional electrophoresis. Mean comparison for several parameters related to wheat functional quality supports a positive effect of the LMW-GS encoded by the Glu-D3 allele of ‘Richela Blanca’ on bread-making quality.

The present study has comparatively analyzed the quantitative and qualitative prolamin profiles of ‘Richela Blanca’ (RB) and ‘Jeja Pardilla’ (JP), two Spanish bread wheat landraces with the same HMW-GS but markedly different SDS-sedimentation volume (RB > JP), a parameter highly related to bread-making quality. We intend to prove the positive influence of the LMW-GS subunits that can contain the variety RB on the bread-making quality.

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado Filológica Hispánica

La deforestación está generando una transformación del paisaje que conlleva a la degradación de ecosistemas y fragmentación de los mismos, con la consecuente pérdida de la biodiversidad. En Venezuela, los bosques semi-caducifolios están en peligro crítico y en amenaza debido a su grado de intervención, incluyendo especies tanto animales como vegetales que habitan dichos bosques. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta de conservación de los ecosistemas boscosos, principalmente los bosques semi-caducifolios de la Reserva Forestal de Caparo, estado Barinas, estableciendo corredores ecológicos tentativos para el rescate de los flujos de biodiversidad. La elaboración de estos corredores se realizó mediante el análisis y procesamiento de imágenes satelitales y el uso de sistemas de información geográfica. Con esta metodología se definieron seis sistemas ecológicos o ecosistemas y cuatro sistemas intervenidos, generando así un mapa de ecosistemas. Por medio de este mapa se determinó la disposición espacial de los fragmentos de bosque en la zona y se definieron criterios ecológicos para el diseño de corredores. Utilizando estos criterios se propusieron 66 enlaces entre los parches de bosque original. Con esta estrategia estamos un paso más adelante hacia la restauración del bosque en la reserva. Deforestation is causing a transformation of the landscape leading to ecosystem degradation and fragmentation, with the consequent loss of biodiversity. In Venezuela, the semi-caducifolious forests are critically endangered and threatened due to its intervention, including plant and animal species that inhabit these forests. A conservation proposal for forest ecosystems is presented in this paper, mainly focused on the semi-caducifolious forests of the Caparo Forest Reserve, Barinas State, establishing preliminary ecological corridors to rescue biodiversity flow. The development of these corridors is performed by analyzing and processing satellite images, with the use of geographic information systems. This methodology allowed the determination of six ecological systems or ecosystems, and four human intervention systems in the area, thus generating a map of ecosystems. Through this map, the spatial arrangement of forest fragments was determined in the area, and ecological criteria for designing corridors were defined. Using ecological criteria, 66 links between patches of the original forest were proposed. With this strategy we are one step further towards the restoration of the forest in the reserve 275-281 eulogio@ula.ve

In the flooded savannahs water is the main factor determining the ecosystem and its change. During flooding, the level of water and the duration of flooding are highly dependent on the relative height position of the ecosystem unit. To understand the spatial processes in the ecosvstem one must know the water dynamics in the area. In order to quantify the water content during the year, a digital elevation model (DEM) is needed. Several areas in the Llanos de Orinoco have been dyked (modulos). A digital elevation model has been developed on a level of the dyked area of the modulo of Hato el Frio. Flooding has been studied at the regional level and a DEM has been developed for the modulo area. For the construction of the DEM various sources were explored for height information. Field measurements with GPS were necessary. After the high flooding period downstream of the dykes the area is totally dry. In the transition period between the dry and the wet season the distribution of water shows a clear influence of the dyke. In the natural situation the natural height differences create a complex system of sinks. The dyke construction has created a large artificial sink. Modulus form sinks by their banks preventing the outflow of the water. With the help of a DEM, inundation can be modelled with relatively little field research. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In La Jarreta, Peninsula of Guanahacabibes, part of the TDF was assimilated for livestock; at the end of this practice, the vegetation has been recovered, giving place to a mosaic of successional phases, which we aim to recognize, delimit, characterize and analyze its spatial-temporal dynamics. Every successional phase was floristic, structural and physiognomically characterized, and also its rate of change between 1980 and 2009. Recovery of vegetation has been evidence regarding to number of species (148 species distributed in 55 families), typical life forms and structure [D. B. H. (from 1.40 to 9.65 ± 1.07 cm.), height (from 0.52 to 7.74 ± 0.74 m), stem density (from 0.50 to 203± 40 No/0.1 ha) and basal area (from 0.003 to 2.29 ± 0.48) arising an increase of vegetation complexity as regeneration advanced. In conclusion, it has shown a recovery of the structure, floristic composition and physiognomy of tropical dry forest from human impacts decreased espacio-temporal. Se caracterizó florística, estructural y fisionómicamente cada estadío sucesional y se analizó su tasa de cambio entre 1980 y 2009. Se evidencia la recuperación de la vegetación, en cuanto a especies (148 especies distribuidas en 55 familias) formas de vida típicas y estructura [D.A.P. (de 1.40 a 9.65 ± 1.07 cm.), altura (de 0.52 a 7.74 ± 0.74 m), densidad de troncos (de 0.50 a 203 ± 40 No/0.1 ha) y área basal (de 0.003 a 2.29 ± 0.48) generando un aumento en la complejidad de la vegetación según avanza la regeneración. En conclusión se ha evidenciado una recuperación de la estructura, composición florística y fisionomía del bosque tropical seco partir de la disminución de impactos antrópicos. Palabras claves: ecología, regeneración natural, bosque tropical seco, estadíos sucesionales, recuperación del bosque. 1-17 eulogio@ula.ve

Motivar la reflexión desde el aula universitaria enfocada al tema transversal del deterioro progresivo de nuestro entorno, es abordar el carácter sistémico de la Educación Ambiental como un servicio público educativo encaminado a lograr un desarrollo sostenible como uno de los fines de la Educación ; es así como desde la implementación de los Proyectos Ambientales Universitarios - PRAUS, se pretende revisar el marco legal vigente que permita la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en la educación superior, a fin de lograr formar ciudadanos éticos profesionalmente y responsables con su entorno, que garantice una mejor calidad de vida y por ende el anhelado desarrollo sostenible. Encourage reflection from the university classroom-focused cross-cutting theme of the progressive deterioration of our environment, is to address the systemic nature of environmental education as a public education service aimed at achieving sustainable development as one of the purposes of education; Thus, since the implementation of University Environmental Projects - praus, it aims to review the current legal framework for the inclusion of the environmental dimension in higher education, in order to achieve form ethical citizens professionally responsible with their environment, ensuring a better quality of life and therefore the desired sustainable development.

1-17 eulogio@ula.ve