Search

Objetivo. Diseñar un instrumento para medir las creencias sobre las consecuencias sociales, psicológicas y fisiológicas de la etapa del climaterio. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a octubre de 2000 en 340 mujeres derechohabientes de la unidad de medicina familiar del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (media de edad=49.46, (DE 7.92). Se seleccionó un total de mujeres entre los 40 y 60 años de edad, en virtud del criterio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud: el promedio de edad de la menopausia es de 50 años. El promedio de embarazos en la muestra fue de 3.75 (DE 2.57), y el de hijos nacidos de 3.21 (DE 2.19). El 48.3% de las mujeres eran premenopáusicas, 10.9% perimenopáusicas y 40.6% posmenopáusicas. El instrumento contó con 25 reactivos, y la escala utilizada para evaluar las respuestas fue de tipo Likert con cinco opciones. El tipo de diseño fue observacional exploratorio, de corte transversal multivariado. Se hicieron comparaciones de medias por factor entre los grupos de mujeres premenopáusicas, perimenopáusicas y posmenopáusicas. Resultados. Se realizó un análisis factorial con rotación Varimax, confirmándose cuatro factores: desventajas, (alfa=0.769); ventajas, (alfa=0.839); fisiológico, (alfa=0.659), y psicológico, (alfa=0.711). Conclusiones. El presente instrumento tiene una buena consistencia interna, y mide cuatro grupos de creencias sobre el climaterio: a) creencias de desventajas, b) creencias de ventajas, c) creencias sobre padecimientos fisiológicos, y d) creencias de síntomas psicológicos. Las tres dimensiones confirmadas del climaterio han sido propuestas en otros estudios.

Copyright of Salud Pública de México is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To quantify the association between gender role orientation and tobacco and alcohol use among young people of the State of Morelos., Materials and Methods: Study conducted in 2004-2005, students aged 14 to 24 years (n = 1 730). Sociodemographic variables (area of residence, socioeconomic status), family (parental education and violence), psycho-sociological (gender role, self-esteem, depression, alcohol consumption, tobacco, locus of control, sexual abuse). Logistic regression analysis., Results: Factors associated with use of tobacco: In women, being androgynous undesirable, masculine role, attempted sexual abuse and urban areas. For men, depression and submission. Factors associated with alcohol use: In women, masculine gender role; and in men to be older than 20 years, living in semi-urban and urban area, and internal locus., Conclusions: The machismo is one of the gender role orientations with greater association with the use of tobacco primarily in girls in Mexico, and the masculine or instrumental role with alcohol.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with suicidal ideation and intent in adolescent students in Mexico., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 12,424 students from public schools in 2007. We used logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals., Results: A total of 47% of the students reported at least one suicidal ideation symptom and 9% reported an antecedent of suicidal intent. Factors associated with suicide ideation and intent include low confidence in communication with parents (OR=1.30; OR=1.54), sexual abuse (OR=1.92; OR=1.57), depressive symptoms (OR=5.36; OR=1.51), tobacco use (OR=1.30; OR=2.57), alcohol use (OR=1.60; OR=1.31) and, for women, having had sexual relations (OR=1.28; OR=1.65)., Conclusions: Roughly 50% of high school students had at least one symptom of suicidal ideation. To lessen this problem, associated factors should be considered, including consumption of addictive substances, gender, history of sexual abuse and depression.

Objective: To evaluate emergency contraception (EC) knowledge and use as well as identify factors associated to correct EC knowledge among public schools students in Morelos, Mexico., Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2003-2004 in a sample of 1,550 students (ages 14-24). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated to EC correct knowledge., Results: Among all, 40% were men and 60% women with an average age of 19 years. Sixty percent have heard about EC, nevertheless, only 45% have correct knowledge about it; 3% of sexually active students (43%) reported its use. Factors associated to EC correct knowledge are: being a woman (OR=1.66; CI 1,33, 2,06), being sexually active (OR=1.77; CI 1,43, 2,18), middle income (OR=1.87; CI 1,04, 3,37), living in a semi-urban zone (OR=1.34; CI 1,02, 1,77), drinking alcohol (OR=1.78; CI 1,42, 2,22)., Conclusions: In Morelos, adolescents' knowledge of EC is scarce. Specific messages regarding its correct use are necessary.

Objective: Determine the prevalence of dating violence and its association with depression and various risk behaviors in a sample of female students from the state of Morelos., Material and Methods: This is a baseline cohort study of a sample of 13 293 students from 12 to 24 years of age who attended public schools in the state of Morelos during the 1998-1999 school year. The participants were selected from a random sample of 260 junior high schools, 92 high schools and one university. For the purpose of this analysis, a total of 4 587 female students who had a previous dating relationship were selected. To control for possible confounding variables, multiple logistic regression analysis was used., Results: The total prevalence of dating violence in females who attended public schools in Morelos was 28%. The following variables were associated with dating violence: depression (OR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.61-2.28); tobacco smoking (OR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.06-1.60); alcohol abuse (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.51); poor academic performance (low grades) (OR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.03-1.52); a history of sexual relations (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.26-1.82)., Conclusions: The results of this study clearly indicate that women experience partner violence beginning with dating during adolescence. Health and education professionals need to establish intervention strategies to prevent or treat dating violence among female students. Such strategies should take into account the association between depression and violence, as well as other related risk behaviors.

Objective: To quantify the association between physical and sexual abuse during childhood and violence during adulthood in a representative sample of female health care users in Mexico., Material and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 26 042 women over 14 years of age who sought medical consultation from public health care services between October 2002 and March 2003, in all 32 states in Mexico. Two models were constructed: a) Multiple polytomic logistic regression models to explore the association between violent victimization by the partner during adulthood and violence during childhood. b) Multiple logistic regression models to explore the association between experiencing rape during adulthood and violence during childhood., Results: Among women studied, an association was found between experiencing physical violence during childhood and suffering physical and sexual violence from the male partner or experiencing rape, during adulthood. When physical violence during childhood occurred "almost always", it was more likely that the woman undergo physical and sexual violence (OR = 3.1; 95% CI 2.6-3.7) and rape (OR = 2.9; 95% CI 2.4-3.6), during her adult life. In addition, when violence during childhood was more frequent, the likelihood of experiencing violence during adulthood was greater. A positive association was found between physical and sexual abuse before 15 years of age (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 2.2-3.5). Experiencing rape during adulthood was also associated with sexual abuse before 15 years of age (OR = 11.8; 95% CI 10.2-13.7)., Conclusions: In this sample of Mexican women, both physical and sexual violence during childhood has negative results during adulthood, including a greater likelihood of revictimization by the male partner and rape. Physical and sexual abuse during childhood must be prevented or at least detected and treated.

Objective: To design an instrument for measuring beliefs about the social, psychological, and physiological consequences of women's climacteric stage., Material and Methods: The study included 340 women affiliated to Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (Institute for Social Services and Security for State Workers, ISSSTE) (age mean = 49.46, (SD 7.92). The mean number of pregnancies in the sample was 3.75 (SD 2.57), and the mean number of born children was 3.21 (SD 2.19); 48% of women were premenopausal, 10.9% perimenopausal, and 40.6% postmenopausal. The instrument consisted of 25 items., Results: A factorial analysis with Varimax rotation was carried out. Four factors were confirmed: disadvantages (alpha = 0.769), advantages (alpha = 0.839), physiological (alpha = 0.659), and psychological (alpha = 0.711)., Conclusion: This instrument shows good internal consistency, and measures four climacteric belief groups: a) beliefs on disadvantages, b) beliefs on advantages, c) beliefs on physiological ailments, and d) beliefs on psychological symptoms. All three confirmed dimensions of the climacteric phase have been proposed in other studies.