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ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe the location of the dorsal root ganglion in relation to the intervertebral disc, including the "triangular" safety zone for minimally invasive surgery in the lumbar spine. METHODS: Eight adult cadavers were dissected bilaterally in the lumbar region, using a posterolateral approach, so as to expose the L3L4 and L4L5 spaces, thereby obtaining measurements relating to the space between the intervertebral disc, pedicles cranial and caudal to the disc, path of the nerve root, dorsal ganglion and safety triangle. RESULTS: The measurements obtained were constant, without significant differences between levels or any laterality. The dorsal ganglion occupied the lateral border of the triangular safety zone in all the specimens analyzed. CONCLUSION: Precise localization of the ganglion shows that the safety margin for minimally invasive procedures is less than what is presented in studies that only involve measurements of the nerve root, thus perhaps explaining the presence of neuropathic pain after some of these procedures.

A piomiosite é uma infecção muscular profunda subaguda que pode originar abscessos intramusculares únicos ou múltiplos. Está associada a infecções sistêmicas, diabetes mellitus, terapia imunossupressora, AIDS e mieloma múltiplo. Descrevemos um caso de piomiosite tropical com acometimento da coluna vertebral que evoluiu para abscesso epidural, em paciente com história pregressa de espondilite anquilosante em tratamento com medicações imunossupressoras e apresentou trauma direto na coxa direita previamente ao início dos sintomas. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o acometimento raro da coluna vertebral em pacientes com piomiosite tropical, com apenas um caso descrito na literatura mundial, destacando a necessidade dos métodos complementares na investigação diagnóstica para o adequado tratamento e as possíveis complicações dessa doença. Os pacientes imunossuprimidos com dores musculares subagudas devem ser investigados quanto à piomiosite tropical e o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento.La piomiositis es una infección muscular profunda y subaguda que puede originar abscesos intramusculares únicos o múltiples. Se vincula a infecciones sistémicas, diabetes mellitus, terapia inmunosupresora, SIDA [AIDS] y mieloma múltiple. Describimos un caso de piomiositis tropical, con acometimiento de la columna vertebral, que evolucionó para absceso epidural, en paciente con historial anterior de espondilitis anquilosante en tratamiento con medicaciones inmunosupresoras y que presentó traumatismo derecho, en el muslo derecho, previamente al inicio de los síntomas. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el acometimiento raro de la columna vertebral en pacientes con piomiositis tropical, con solamente un caso descrito en la literatura mundial, destacando la necesidad de los métodos complementarios, en la investigación de diagnóstico, para el apropiado tratamiento y las posibles complicaciones de esa enfermedad. Los pacientes inmunosuprimidos, con dolores musculares subagudos, deben ser investigados cuanto a la piomiositis tropical y el diagnóstico precoz es fundamental para el éxito del tratamiento.The pyomyositis is a subacute deep muscle infection that can cause single or multiple intramuscular abscesses and is associated with systemic infections, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive therapy, AIDS and multiple myeloma. We describe a case of tropical pyomyositis with spinal involvement evolving to epidural abscess. The patient had a history of ankylosing spondylitis treated with immunosuppressive medications and presented direct injury in the right thigh prior to onset of symptoms. This article describes the unusual involvement of the spine in patients with tropical pyomyositis, with only one case reported in the world literature, highlighting the need for complementary methods of diagnostic investigation, for proper treatment and the possible complications of this disease. In conclusion, immunosuppressed patients with muscle pain should be investigated as to the tropical pyomyositis and the early diagnosis is crucial to the success of treatment.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as vantagens da cirurgia com navegação na revisão cirúrgica de deformidades vertebrais, verificando a acurácia deste método. MÉTODO: Foram revisados cincos pacientes com deformidades vertebrais que tiveram intercorrências na primeira cirurgia. Esses pacientes foram submetidos a um estudo de tomografia computadorizada (TC) com cortes de 2mm da coluna vertebral antes da segunda cirurgia. Nos cinco pacientes submetidos a reabordagem cirúrgica procedeu-se a instrumentação posterior com auxílio da navegação. Foram 84 parafusos pediculares implantados, sendo que 33 destes parafusos foram assistidos por computação. A navegação foi empregada nos níveis da deformidade vertebral onde a anatomia apresentava-se alterada inviabilizando o correto uso dos parâmetros anatômicos para inserção de parafusos pediculares. Nos demais níveis onde era possível a correta identificação desses parâmetros anatômicos foi utilizada a técnica padrão. A TC pós-operatória foi realizada para aferição do posicionamento dos parafusos pediculares. Avaliamos os resultados obtidos no posicionamento com e sem o uso da navegação. O tempo de fluoroscopia e o tempo da cirurgia também foram comparados com o padrão ouro da literatura. RESULTADOS: Dos 33 parafusos implantados com navegação observou-se uma acurácia de 94%, com uma taxa de violação pedicular de 6%. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da navegação é importante nas revisões cirúrgicas das deformidades vertebrais com anatomia alterada, influenciando no bom resultado final da cirurgia.OBJETIVO: Evaluar las ventajas de la cirugía con navegación en reoperación por deformidades vertebrales, verificando la precisión de este método. MÉTODO: Fueron revisados cinco pacientes con deformidades vertebrales que tuvieron complicaciones en la primera cirugía. Esos pacientes fueron sometidos a un estudio de tomografía computada (TC) con cortes de 2 mm de la columna vertebral antes de la segunda cirugía. En los 5 pacientes sometidos al reabordaje quirúrgico se procedió a instrumentación posterior con auxilio de la navegación. Fueron 84 tornillos pediculares implantados, siendo que 33 de éstos fueron asistidos por computación. La navegación fue empleada en los niveles de la deformidad vertebral en donde la anatomía se presentaba alterada impidiendo el uso correcto de los parámetros anatómicos para inserción de tornillos pediculares. En los demás niveles en donde era posible la correcta identificación de esos parámetros anatómicos se utilizó la técnica estándar. La TC postoperatoria fue realizada para medición del posicionamiento de los tornillos pediculares. Evaluamos los resultados obtenidos en el posicionamiento con y sin el uso de la navegación. El tiempo de fluoroscopía y el tiempo de la cirugía también fueron comparados con la regla áurea de la literatura. RESULTADOS: De los 33 tornillos implantados con navegación se observó una precisión de 94%, con una tasa de violación pedicular del 6%. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la navegación es importante en la reoperación de las deformidades vertebrales con anatomía alterada, influenciando en el buen resultado de la cirugía.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of computer-assisted spine surgery in re-operations due to vertebral deformities, and verify method accuracy. METHOD: A total of five patients with vertebral deformities who had complications during prior surgery were re-operated. These patients underwent a specific Computer Tomography scan with 2mm cuts of the spine before the second surgery. In the five patients who underwent re-operation, posterior instrumentation with the aid of computer-assisted spine surgery was performed. 84 pedicle screws were implanted, and in 33 of these computer-assisted surgeries were used. The computer-assisted surgery was used at the levels of spinal deformity where anatomy was altered making correct use of anatomical parameters for insertion of pedicle screws impossible. In the remaining levels, standard technique was used where the correct identification of anatomical parameters was possible. Post-operative computed tomography was performed to measure the placement of pedicle screws. We evaluated the results in positioning with and without the use of navigation. The fluoroscopy and surgery time were also compared with the gold standard of literature. RESULTS: Of the 33 screws implanted with navigation, 94% accuracy was observed; with a pedicle violation rate of 6 %.The use of navigation is an important tool for surgical revision of the vertebral deformities with altered anatomy, influencing surgery result.

ABSTRACT Objective The therapeutic decision in cases of adult spinal deformity takes numerous factors into account with a consequent variability in treatment options. The objective is to compare the impact of the MISDEF (minimally invasive spine deformity) algorithm on therapeutic decisions in cases of adult spinal deformity. Methods Prospective radiographic analysis of 40 cases of adult deformity. The cases were sent, in two steps, to 20 Latin American surgeons who had to choose among six treatment options with and without the use of the MISDEF. Results For the conducts of decompression, decompression and short fusion, decompression and fusion with interbody device, and osteotomy with extension of fusion to the thoracic spine, no significant differences were found when comparing decisions made with and without MISDEF. For osteotomy, we observed a tendency for the number of surgeons choosing this conduct to increase when the decision is made with MISDEF. We observed that the number of surgeons who decided on conservative treatment decreased with the use of MISDEF (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the peri- and postoperative results and clinical repercussions in patients undergoing decompression surgery and single-level lumbar arthrodesis using the traditional technique (OTLIF) and to compare with the results of minimally invasive techniques (MITLIF) described in the literature. Methods: Our sample consisted of 22 patients who underwent TLIF surgery using the open technique (OTLIF) in the period October 2019 to January 2021, in our hospital. We compared the patients’ functional clinical results using the Oswestry scale in the preoperative period and 15 days after surgery, analyzed variables related to the perioperative period: surgery time, length of hospital stay, blood loss, use of a suction drain, and admission to the ICU, and compared these with the results reported in the literature for patients treated by the MITLIF technique. Results: The average age was 48.95 years and the most operated level was L4-L5 (55%). The average surgery time was 112.63 min. We did not use a suction drain in the postoperative period, there was no need for a blood transfusion in any patient, and no patient was admitted to the ICU. The average hospital stay was 1 day. Regarding the Oswestry Disability Index, the mean preoperative score was 44.73 and after 15 days, it was 24.05. Conclusions: surgical treatment using the OTLIF technique for single-level lumbar degenerative disease showed largely positive results, with improvement in disability scores, short hospital stay and low incidence of complications. When properly indicated, OTLIF is an excellent and safe option for the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease. Level of evidence IV; Case series study.

We report a case of a rare disease, Grisel syndrome, which manifests as a kind of rotational fixation of the atlas on the axis, resulting from an infectious process of the upper airways. In the present report, we discuss etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome after intervention.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the patient profile that obtains better clinical and quality of life improvement after lumbar spinal stenosis surgery, comparing the results in the pre and postoperative periods. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with lumbar spine stenosis submitted to surgery were prospectively evaluated. Through the 36-Item Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire we performed a preoperative analysis to identify morbidities and social security benefit earning. The SF-36 is a subjective postoperative questionnaire to assess surgical success six months after the surgery. Results: There were unfavorable outcomes in patients who received social security benefits and in those who had morbidities. According to the SF-36 score, the surgical result is better when the patient is non-smoker (p=0.05), non-hypertense (p=0.040), non-diabetic (p =0.010) or non sedentary (p=0.019), respectively on mental health, pain, social aspects and general health domains. Conclusion: The patient profiles that best benefit from the surgery are those who do not have morbidities and had no social security benefit. Evidence Level II, Prospective Study.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the postoperative results from use of antibiotic prophylaxis for one and five days among patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis at up to three levels. METHODS: Forty-three patients who all underwent lumbar arthrodesis due to degenerative disc disease at one, two or three levels were evaluated. They were divided randomly into two groups: one received antibiotic prophylaxis with cefalotin (1 g) and the other received the same antibiotic for five days. After the surgical intervention, the patients were evaluated at the time of hospital discharge, at the first return to the clinic (two weeks later) and 90 days after the date of the surgery with the surgical wound, with clinical examination of the surgical wound and laboratory tests on both groups. RESULTS: It was observed that among the patients in the group with one day of antibiotic prophylaxis, 28.6% presented complications in the surgical wound, while in the group with five days, 27.9% presented complications. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that a single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as a regimen of multiple doses in lumbar arthrodesis surgery at up to three levels. Thus, the costs and risks of subjecting patients to hospitalization under a prolonged drug regimen are unjustifiable.

Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing surgical procedures in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed based on the analysis of 70 medical records of patients who underwent surgery due to traumatic SCI in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Results Males comprised 79% of the patients. The average age of the occurrence of the traumatic SCI was 44 years; automobile accidents were the main cause of trauma (44%). Half of the patients had lesions in the cervical region, and 46% were classified as Frankel A, according to the Frankel scale. In the first 60 days after surgery, the main complication presented by the patients was urinary tract infection (UTI). Half of the patients were from the metropolitan area. Conclusion Patients undergoing surgery for traumatic SCI in the state of Espírito Santo are predominantly men, with a mean age of 44 years, with cervical spine injury due to car accidents, from the metropolitan area, and whose main complication was UTI.

Objective : Compare the interlaminar blocking technique with the transforaminal blocking, with regard to pain and the presence or absence of complications. Methods : Prospective, descriptive and comparative, double-blind, randomized study, with 40 patients of both sex suffering from sciatic pain due to central-lateral or foraminal disc herniation, who did not respond to 20 physiotherapy sessions and had no instability diagnosed on examination of dynamic radiography. The type of blocking, transforaminal or interlaminar, to be performed was determined by draw. Results : We evaluated 40 patients, 17 males, mean age 49 years, average VAS pre-blocking of 8.85, average values in transforaminal technique in 24 hours, 7, 21, and 90 days of 0.71, 1.04, 2.33 and 3.84, respectively; the average VAS post-blocking for interlaminar technique was 0.89, 1.52, 3.63 and 4.88. The techniques differ only in the post-blocking period of 21 days and overall post-blocking, with significance of p=0.022 and p=0.027, respectively. Conclusion : Both techniques are effective in relieving pain and present low complication rate, and the transforaminal technique proved to be the most effective.

Objective:To associate spinopelvic parameters, pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis with the axial location of lumbar disc herniation.Methods:Retrospective study, which evaluated imaging and medical records of 61 patients with lumbar disc herniation, who underwent surgery with decompression and instrumented lumbar fusion in only one level. Pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis with simple lumbopelvic lateral radiographs, which included the lumbar spine, the sacrum and the proximal femur. The affected segment was identified as the level and location of lumbar disc herniation in the axial plane with MRI scans.Results:Of 61 patients, 29 (47.5%) had low lumbar lordosis; in this group 24 (82.8%) had central disc herniation, 4 (13.8%) had lateral recess disc herniation and 1 (3.4%) had extraforaminal disc herniation (p

OBJECTIVE: To compare the interlaminar and transforaminal block techniques with regard to the state of pain and presence or absence of complications.METHOD: This was a randomized double-blind prospective study of descriptive and comparative nature, on 40 patients of both sexes who presented lumbar sciatic pain due to central-lateral or foraminal disk hernias. The patients had failed to respond to 20 physiotherapy sessions, but did not present instability, as diagnosed in dynamic radiographic examinations. The type of block to be used was determined by means of a draw: transforaminal (group 1; 20 patients) or interlaminar (group 2; 20 patients).RESULTS: Forty patients were evaluated (17 males), with a mean age of 49 years. There was a significant improvement in the state of pain in all patients who underwent radicular block using both techniques, although the transforaminal technique presented better results than the interlaminar technique.CONCLUSION: Both techniques were effective for pain relief and presented low complication rates, but the transforaminal technique was more effective than the interlaminar technique.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bone mineral density among patients with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to quadriplegic cerebral palsy.METHODS: This was a descriptive prospective study in which both bone densitometric and anthropometric data were evaluated. The inclusion criteria used were that the patients should present quadriplegic cerebral palsy, be confined to a wheelchair, be between 10 and 20 years of age and present neuromuscular scoliosis.RESULTS: We evaluated 31 patients (20 females) with a mean age of 14.2 years. Their mean biceps circumference, calf circumference and body mass index were 19.4 cm, 18.6 cm and 16.9 kg/m2, respectively. The mean standard deviation from bone densitometry was -3.2 (z-score), which characterizes osteoporosis.CONCLUSION: There is high incidence of osteoporosis in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to quadriplegic cerebral palsy.

Objetivos: Avaliar o equilíbrio espinopélvico em pacientes portadores de espondilolistese degenerativa L4-L5. Métodos: Analisamos as radiografias pré-operatórias lombopélvicas, em perfil, de 33 pacientes portadores de espondilolistese degenerativa L4-L5 para a mensuração dos parâmetros envolvidos no equilíbrio espinopélvico. Resultados: Dos 33 pacientes, 22 pertencem ao sexo feminino, com média de idade de 59 anos. A média da incidência pélvica (IP), inclinação pélvica (TILT) e inclinação sacral (SLOP) foi 61,4°; 22,1° e 38,3°, respectivamente, havendo correlação positiva entre IP e TILT e correlação negativa entre SLOP e TILT, ambas com significância estatística. Conclusão: Na espondilolistese degenerativa L4-L5, a IP, TILT e SLOP tiveram suas médias iguais a 61,4°, 38,3° e 22,1°, respectivamente, revelando alteração na conformação pélvica que culminou em um desequilíbrio espinopélvico nesses pacientes.

Objetivo: Comparar os ângulos encontrados na radiografia em ortostase e na ressonância magnética (RM) em decúbito dorsal com coxim sobre os membros inferiores. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, de caráter descritivo, no qual se avaliou uma amostra de 100 pacientes, sendo 51 do sexo masculino, em que o grau de lordose lombar foi aferido por três examinadores independentes por meio da radiografia em ortostase e da RM em decúbito, com coxim, nos níveis de L1 a L5, de acordo com o método de Cobb. Resultados: A média dos valores encontrados na radiografia e na RM com coxim de L1 a L5 foi de 42,2° e 31,5°, respectivamente (p < 0,001), demonstrando que a angulação da lordose lombar aferida na RM subdimensiona a verdadeira angulação em 25%. Conclusão: A RM é insuficiente para a avaliação da lordose lombar, sendo de extrema importância a avaliação radiológica para avaliar a verdadeira angulação da lordose lombar.

Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo mais adequado para o uso do dreno de sucção no pós-operatório de artrodese lombar. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, comparativo, randomizado, com uma amostra de 40 pacientes, dos quais 20 utilizaram o dreno de sucção por três dias de pós-operatório e outros 20 utilizaram o dreno de sucção por cinco dias de pós-operatório. Foram avaliadas e comparadas as complicações surgidas no pós-operatório dos pacientes de ambos os grupos e a Escala Visual Analógica da dor. As complicações avaliadas foram seroma, infecção superficial e deiscência de sutura. Resultados: Entre os 40 pacientes avaliados, encontramos 10% de complicações da ferida operatória no pós-operatório, sendo as mais frequentes o seroma e a infecção superficial, não havendo necessidade de reintervenção cirúrgica. Conclusão: Apesar de a utilização do dreno de sucção por cinco dias ter levado a um menor número de complicações e a um menor índice de dor no pós-operatório, esta não foi estatisticamente significante quando comparada com o grupo em que o dreno foi retirado no terceiro dia de pós-operatório.

Objetivo: Avaliar a migração do espaçador intersomático (cage) em pacientes submetidos à artrodese lombar pela técnica transforaminal (TLIF). Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 27 pacientes submetidos à técnica TLIF nos níveis L4-L5, L5-S1 ou L4-L5 e L5-S1 para tratamento de patologia degenerativa da coluna lombar entre julho de 2009 e julho de 2011. Os dados referentes à migração do cage foram obtidos a partir da análise de imagens radiográficas da coluna lombar nas incidências anteroposterior (AP) e perfil nos momentos pré e pós-operatório com 1, 6 e 12 meses. O valor utilizado como critério de migração do cage foi determinado pelo deslocamento anterior ou posterior maior ou igual a 2 mm quando comparado a exame radiográfico pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: Foi inserido um total de 36 cages. Dos 27 pacientes avaliados, 15 (55,5%) apresentavam algum tipo de migração do cage – em 4 (14,8%) a migração foi para anterior e em 11 (40,7%) a migração foi para posterior. Conclusão: Encontramos migração em 55,5% do total de pacientes, e em 40,7% a migração foi posterior, porém sem necessidade de novas intervenções cirúrgicas.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate spinopelvic balance using the pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt among patients with lumbar disk hernias who underwent surgical treatment.METHODS: thirty patients at the spinal services of Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória and Hospital Vila Velha were evaluated by measuring their spinopelvic balance from the angles of pelvic tilt, sacral slope and pelvic incidence, with their respective means, on simple lateral-view lumbopelvic radiographs that needed to encompass the lumbar spine, sacrum and proximal third of the femur.RESULTS: the spinopelvic balance measurements obtained from the mean angles of the population studied, for pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt, were 45◦ , 36.9◦ and 8.1◦ , respectively. The confidence interval for the mean pelvic incidence was from 41.9 to 48.1 (95% CI), thus including a reference value that characterized it as low, for an asymptomatic population, thus confirming that the sample was extracted from a population with this characteristic.CONCLUSION: among these patients with lumbar disk hernias who underwent surgical treatment, the average spinopelvic balance was found to have pelvic incidence lower than what has been reported in the literature for an asymptomatic population.

Objective : To radiographically evaluate the behavior of the secondary curves in the coronal and sagittal planes in patients with AIS classified as Lenke I, who underwent surgical treatment of selective arthrodesis by posterior approach. Methods : Retrospective study which analyzed 40 patients with AIS, being 33 female. The measurement of the radiographic parameters used followed the recommendations by Cobb. Results : The average correction of the thoracic proximal, primary and lumbar curves was 34.73%, 75.06% and 64.64%, respectively. Conclusion : Surgical treatment by selective arthrodesis in cases of AIS Lenke type I provide correction of compensatory curves in the coronal and maintenance in the sagittal plane.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of life, using the SF-36, in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who un-derwent surgery for deformity correction, comparing the results in the pre-and post-operative period.METHODS: We evaluated 29 patients, 24 female, mean age 14.5 years, all patients had measurement of Cobb angle greater than 50º, and responded to the SF-36 questionnaire preope-ratively and on average two years after surgery.RESULTS: There was improvement in all eight domains studied by the SF-36 after surgical treatment, with statistically significant improvement of the domains functional capacity physical aspects, pain and general state. Vitality and mental heal-th were those with the lowest percentage of improvement postoperatively.CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of defor-mity in all AIS improved the functional aspects assessed by the SF-36, representing, in practice, better quality of life for these patients. Evidence Level II, Prospective Study.

Schwannomas are benign tumors, usually solitary, encapsulated, slow-growing, which have their origin in differentiated neoplastic Schwann cells with extramedullary intradural usual development related to nerve roots. The melanotic schwannoma is a variant of these tumors whose location in almost one third of cases is on the posterior spinal nerve root, with a nonspecific clinical presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most widely used test for the diagnosis, revealing hyperintense T1-weighted sequences and hypointense T2-weighted sequences. Diagnostic confirmation is obtained by histological and immunohistochemical studies, in which there is intense cytoplasmatic pigmentation. There are two distinct types of melanotic schwannomas: sporadic and psammomatous, the latter related to the called Carney complex, a form of multiple endocrine neoplasm with familiar character. In literature we found few cases of these neoplasms, the largest series consisting of five cases. The objective of this study is to report a rare case of melanotic schwannoma of the lumbar spine of the sporadic type of extramedullary location. We also present a brief review of the literature containing the main characteristics of the tumor, including its different forms, differential diagnoses, data from histological and immunohistochemical studies as well as the currently recommended approach in order to contribute to a better understanding of this neoplasm.

Objetivo: Avaliação clínica neurológica pré e pós-operatória de pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical submetidos à descompressão medular por via anterior. Métodos: Utilização das escalas de Nurick e de JOA (Japanese Orthopaedic Association), adaptadas para a população brasileira, no período pré e pós-operatório, como método de mensuração do grau de comprometimento neurológico, aplicando-se o teste t de Student e o teste de Wilcoxon, com significância p < 0,05. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 30 pacientes. A média do JOA no pré-operatório foi de 9,5 (DP = 2,8) e no pós-operatório, de 13,5 (DP = 3,0). O valor médio de Nurick foi de 3,7 (DP = 1,2) e 2,1 (DP = 1,2) no pré e pós-operatório, respectivamente. Conclusão: A descompressão medular via anterior melhorou em cerca de 40% o quadro neurológico inicial, portanto pode ser considerada uma real opção de tratamento para pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical.

OBJETIVO: A Mielopatia Cervical Espondilótica (MCE) é uma disfunção da medula espinhal relacionada à degeneração típica do envelhecimento. No estudo de imagem podemos obter a medida do Índice de Torg, para estimar a estenose cervical. Objetivamos, assim, medir o Índice de Torg através de radiografia e ressonância magnética (RM), possibilitando verificar possíveis discrepâncias entre os métodos de medida. MÉTODOS: Realizada mensuração do Índice de Torg na radiografia e na RM da coluna cervical, sendo obtido através da relação entre a superfície posterior do corpo vertebral e o ponto mais próximo à linha laminar correspondente, dividido pelo diâmetro sagital do corpo vertebral. RESULTADOS: Participaram 29 pacientes, sendo 10 mulheres e 19 homens, com médias de idade 48,1 ± 11 anos, de peso 68,7 ± 5 Kg e de altura 1,68 ± 0,6 m. Houve diferença significativa entre o Índice de Torg calculado através de radiografia e RM, sendo menores os índices observados na RM (radiografia: 0,73 ± 0,17 vs. RM: 0,48 ± 0,14, p< 0,05). No entanto, ambas as aferições traduzem o mesmo resultado: estenose cervical absoluta (Índice de Torg < 0,8). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados corroboram relatos de outros autores que acreditam que o Índice de Torg medido através da radiografia, como preconizado, minimiza a real estenose do canal cervical. Sugerimos em nosso estudo que a RM permite melhor estimativa do grau de estenose do canal, muito embora nossos resultados em relação ao grau de estenose cervical tenham sido semelhantes estatisticamente.OBJETIVO: La Mielopatía Cervical Espondilótica (MCE) es un trastorno relacionado con la degeneración de la médula espinal, típica del envejecimiento. En el estudio de imagen se puede obtener la medida del Índice de Torg para estimar la estenosis cervical. Nuestro objetivo es, por tanto, medir el índice de Torg mediante rayos-X y resonancia magnética (RM), posibilitando verificar posibles discrepancias entre los métodos de medición. MÉTODOS: Se realiza la medición del Índice de Torg en la radiografía y en la resonancia magnética de la columna cervical, siendo obtenido mediante la determinación de la relación entre la superficie posterior del cuerpo vertebral y el punto más cercano a la línea de la lámina correspondiente, dividido por el diámetro sagital del cuerpo vertebral. RESULTADOS: Participó un total de pacientes 29, siendo 10 mujeres y 19 hombres, edad promedio de 48,1 ± 11 años, peso 68,7 ± 5 Kg y altura de 1,68 ± 0,6 m. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el Índice de Torg calculado por la radiografía y el de la resonancia magnética, siendo menores los índices observados en la RM (radiografía: 0,73 ± 0,17 vs RM: 0,48 ± 0,14, p OBJECTIVE: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (SCM) is a dysfunction related to spinal cord degeneration typical of aging. In the imaging studies can achieve a measure of the Torg index to estimate cervical stenosis. We aim therefore to measure the Torg index in X-rays and Magnetic Resonance (MR), to investigate possible discrepancies between the methods of measurement. METHODS: The Torg Index was measured on radiographs and MR of the cervical spine, obtained by determining the relationship between the posterior surface of the vertebral body and the nearest point to the corresponding laminar line, divided by the sagittal diameter of vertebral body. RESULTS: A total 29 patients has participated, 10 women and 19 men, with mean age of 48.1 ± 11 years, weight 68.7 ± 5kg and height 1.68 ± 0.6m. There were significant differences between the Torg Index calculated by radiography and MR, and lower rates observed on MR (radiography: 0.73 ± 0.17 vs. RM: 0.48 ± 0.14, p

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bone mineral density in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study in which, in addition to bone densitometry, the anthropometric data of the patients were assessed. As inclusion criterion we adopted patients with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, wheelchair users, aged between 10 and 20 years and with neuromuscular scoliosis. RESULTS: We evaluated 31 patients, 20 female, whose average age was 14.2 years. The mean bone density was -3.2 standard deviation (Z-score), with mean biceps circumference of 19.4 cm, calf circumference 18.6 cm and BMI of 13.6 kg/m². CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of osteoporosis in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a presença e o crescimento microbiológico no sítio operatório em pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de escoliose idiopática do adolescente na primeira, segunda e terceira hora de cirurgia. Casuística e MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, de caráter descritivo e comparativo, sendo avaliados 34 pacientes portadores de escoliose idiopática do adolescente com indicação cirúrgica, analisando a contaminação no sítio cirúrgico através da bacterioscopia e cultura óssea na primeira, segunda e terceira hora de cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Houve bacterioscopia positiva crescente entre a primeira e a segunda hora de cirurgia. A cultura confirma a colonização da ferida operatória, crescente entre as horas analisadas. CONCLUSÕES: O tempo cirúrgico prolongado está diretamente relacionado ao maior crescimento microbiológico no sítio cirúrgico de pacientes submetidos à correção de escoliose vertebral.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la presencia y el crecimiento microbiológico, en el área operatoria, en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente en la primera, segunda y tercera hora de la intervención quirúrgica. Casuística y MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo, de carácter descriptivo y comparativo, habiendo sido evaluados 34 pacientes portadores de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente con indicación quirúrgica, siendo analizada la contaminación en el área de la operación quirúrgica mediante la bacterioscopia y el cultivo óseo en la primera, segunda y tercera hora de la intervención quirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Hubo bacterioscopia positiva creciente entre la primera y la segunda hora de la operación quirúrgica. El cultivo confirmó la colonización de la herida operatoria, siendo creciente entre las horas analizadas. CONCLUSIONES: El tiempo prolongado de la operación quirúrgica está relacionado directamente con el aumento del crecimiento microbiológico en el área quirúrgica de pacientes sometidos a corrección de la escoliosis vertebral.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence and microbiological growth in the operative site in patients undergoing surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in the spine of first, second and third hours of surgery. METHODS: Prospective, descriptive and comparative study that evaluated 34 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with surgical indication, analyzing contamination at the surgical site through Gram staining and bone culture in the first, second and third hour of surgery. RESULTS: There were positive bacteroscopical growing between the first and the second hour of surgery. The culture confirms the colonization of the wound, increasing between the hours analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged surgical time is directly related to higher microbial growth in the surgical site in patients undergoing spinal scoliosis correction.

OBJETIVO: Difundir o método de Benzel para aferição da angulação cervical e quantificar a prevalência de cada tipo de diamante de Benzel em 30 pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical com indicação cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Foram analisadas radiografias em perfil da coluna cervical onde se aferiram os tipos diamante de Benzel usando técnicas descritas pelo próprio Benzel. Excluímos do estudo aqueles pacientes que desenvolveram a doença após traumas, que foram submetidos reoperações ou aqueles que não forneceram radiografias em perfil adequadas para aferição. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes, sendo 25 deles do sexo masculino, com idade entre 30 e 74 anos (média de 52,4 anos). Após a realização das medidas foram encontrados 24 pacientes com diamantes do tipo A (80%), 2 do tipo B (6,7%) e 4 tipo C (13,3%). CONCLUSÃO: O diamante de Benzel tipo "A" foi encontrado em 80% dos pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical no período pré-operatório.OBJETIVO: Difundir el método de Benzel para la medición del ángulo cervical y cuantificar la prevalencia de cada tipo de diamante Benzel en 30 pacientes portadores de mielopatía cervical con indicación quirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con mielopatía cervical sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. Se analizaron las radiografías de perfil de la columna cervical, donde se midieron los tipos de diamante utilizando las técnicas descritas por el mismo Benzel. Se excluyeron del estudio los pacientes que desarrollaron la enfermedad después de trauma, que fueron sometidos a reoperaciones o los que no han presentado adecuadas radiografías de perfil para la medición. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 30 pacientes entre los cuales 25 eran del sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 74 años (promedio de 52,4 años). Después de la realización de las medidas se encontraron 24 pacientes con diamante del tipo A (80%), 2 con tipo B (6,7%) y 4 con tipo C (13,3%). CONCLUSIÓN: El diamante de Benzel del tipo "A" se encuentra en el 80% de los pacientes con mielopatía cervical en el período preoperatorio.OBJECTIVE: Diffuse the method of Benzel for calibration of cervical angulation and to assess the prevalence of each type of Benzel's diamond between 30 patients with cervical myelopathy with an indication for surgical treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients with cervical myelopathy treated surgically. We analyzed lateral radiographs of cervical spine where the diamonds were measured using the techniques described by the author himself. We excluded patients who developed disease following trauma, who underwent reoperations or those who have not provided adequate lateral radiographs for measurement. RESULTS: We evaluated 30 patients, of whom 25 were male, aged between 30 and 74 years (mean 52.4 years). After completion of the measures 24 patients were found with diamond type A (80%), 2 with type B (6.7%) and 4 with type C (13.3%). CONCLUSION: The Benzel diamond "A" was found in 80% of patients with cervical myelopathy in the preoperative evaluation.

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados estatísticos do primeiro mutirão de cirurgias eletivas realizado no Brasil, não somente com o intuito de divulgar a iniciativa, mas, sobretudo, para que o conhecimento dessas ações possa incentivar outros estados e também outros mutirões no Espírito Santo. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo observacional transversal, em que foram avaliados pessoas oriundas da Grande Vitória e do interior do estado do Espírito Santo com deformidades ou sintomas álgicos na região dorsal de origem osteomuscular, classificando-as de acordo com a idade, sexo e patologia, e quando diagnosticado escoliose, se possível classifica-la segundo King, Lenke, Winter et al. e Lounstein e Akbarnia, indicando-se tratamento. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 169 pacientes, sendo 48 homens e 121 mulheres, com média de idade de 39,7 anos e 41,1 anos, respectivamente. Foi encontrado 25,4% de pacientes com doenças ortopédicas em geral, 36,1% de doenças específicas da coluna vertebral exceto escoliose e 38,5% de escoliose. Dos pacientes com escoliose, 81,5% eram idiopática do adolescente, com maioria classificada por King como tipo II e por Lenke como tipo I. Dentre outras etiologias da escoliose, a congênita mais comum foi a hemivertebra associada a barra contralateral quando classificado por Winter et al. e das neuromusculares o tipo 2B da classificação de Louenstein e Akbarnia. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados epidemiológicos corroboram com a literatura atual. Conseguimos alcançar um numero satisfatório de pacientes com doenças da coluna vertebral, determinar um tratamento e acompanhamento e, ainda, divulgar e orientar a população sobre tais doenças.OBJETIVO: Describir los resultados estadísticos de la primera campaña de cirugías electivas realizada en Brasil, no solo con el fin de difundir la iniciativa, sino, sobre todo, para que el conocimiento de esas acciones pueda alentar a otros Estados y también a otros esfuerzos conjuntos en el Estado de Espírito Santo. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal, observacional, que evaluó a las personas de los alrededores de la ciudad de Vitória y del interior del Estado de Espírito Santo con deformidades o síntomas de dolor, en la región dorsal, de origen osteomuscular, clasificando a esas personas de acuerdo a la edad, el sexo y la patología, y cuando se diagnosticó la escoliosis, se fue posible, se la clasificó según King, Lenke, Winter et al. y Lounstein y Akbarnia, y se indicó el tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Se evaluó un total de 169 pacientes, 48 hombres y 121 mujeres, edad promedio de 39,7 años y 41,1 años, respectivamente. Del total de pacientes evaluados, 25,4% tenían enfermedades ortopédicas en general, 36,1% enfermedades específicas de la columna vertebral excepto escoliosis, y 38,5% escoliosis. De los pacientes con escoliosis, 81,5% fueron de idiopática del adolescente, con la mayoría clasificados por King como de tipo II y por Lenke como de tipo I. Entre otras etiologías de la escoliosis, la congénita más común fue la hemivértebra asociada a barra contralateral cuando se clasifica por Winter et al y, de las neuromusculares, el tipo 2B de la clasificación de Louenstein y Akbarnia. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros datos epidemiológicos corroboran la literatura actual. Logramos conseguir un número satisfactorio de pacientes con enfermedades de la columna vertebral, determinar un tratamiento y seguimiento, así como divulgar y orientar a la población sobre tales enfermedades.OBJECTIVE: Describe the statistical results of the first campaign for elective surgeries performed in Brazil, not only in order to make the initiative public, but more importantly, so that the knowledge of these actions will encourage other States and also other collaborative efforts in Espírito Santo. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study, which evaluated people from Grande Vitória and from the State of Espirito Santo with deformities or dorsal pain of musculoskeletal origin, classifying them according to age, sex and pathology, and when the diagnosis was scoliosis, if possible classified according to King, Lenke, Winter et al. and Lounstein and Akbarnia, and then indicating the treatment. RESULTS: We studied 169 patients, 48 men and 121 women with mean age of 39.7 years and 41.1 years, respectively. Of the total patients, 25.4% had orthopedic diseases general 36.1% had specific diseases of the spine, except scoliosis, and 38.5% had scoliosis. Scoliosis was of adolescent idiopathic type in 81.5% of patients, the majority being classified as type II by King and Lenke as type I.Among other causes, the most common congenital scoliosis was associated contralateral hemivertebra when ranked by Winter et al. and the neuromuscular type 2B was the most common when ranked by Louenstein Akbarnia. CONCLUSION: Our data corroborate the epidemiological literature. We have achieved a satisfactory number of patients with spinal diseases, determined a treatment and follow-up plan, and also divulged these diseases, providing guidance to the people about them.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the complications inherent in the use or not of continuous suction drain in postoperative period of patients undergoing 1-level lumbar arthrodesis. Methods: An analytical, comparative, randomized study was performed with a sample of 60 patients submitted to 1-level 360o lumbar arthrodesis with TLIF technique, 30 of whom used the suction drain for three days after surgery and another 30 did not use the suction drain in the postoperative period. The complications that occurred on the 3rd, 14th, and 28th postoperative days of patients of both groups and the Visual Analog Scale for pain were evaluated and compared. The complications assessed were seroma, superficial infection and suture dehiscence. Results: A total of 23.3% surgical wound complications were found, the most frequent being seroma (16%). In total, each group presented seven complications. There were no statistical differences observed in the evaluation of seroma, infection, wound dehiscence on the 3rd, 14th, and 28th postoperative days in both groups. Conclusion: The use or not of suction drain in 1-level lumbar surgeries does not interfere with complications such as seroma, infection, and suture dehiscence.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy in patients undergoing lumbar canal decompression using epidural morphine and clonidine at the Hospital Santa Casa de Vitória - ES, Brazil. Methods: Prospective, randomized study of 60 patients with stenosis of the lumbar canal up to two levels with surgical indication, in which decompression of the canal was performed in association with lumbar arthrodesis. In group 1 we performed conventional postoperative analgesia and in group 2, in addition to conventional analgesia, we associated epidural morphine and clonidine. We used VAS as a means of analyzing pain intensity at 1, 12, and 36 hours after surgery. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office/Excel and the software GraphPad Prism (San Diego, CA, USA). Results: The mean age of patients was 47 years, and 52% were female. The mean VAS in the first hour, 12th, and 36th hours after surgery in the control group was 5.44, 2.13, and 0.55 respectively. In the morphine-clonidine group it was 6.96; 2.21 and 0.60. Comparing one group with another in its absolute values through the Mann-Whitney test, as well as comparing the pain variations between the 1st and 12th hour (1h X 12h) and between the 12th hour and 36th hour (12h x 36h ) through Student’s t test it became clear that there was no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The addition of epidural morphine and clonidine to conventional analgesia is not beneficial to reduce postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar canal decompression.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of autograft associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) increases bone healing in patients undergoing lumbar fusion. METHOD: This was a prospective, descriptive, and comparative study, which included 40 patients undergoing lumbar fusion, who were divided into two groups: group I, autograft only, and group II, autograft associated with PRP. After surgery, patients were followed-up on the first, third, and sixth month. The Molinari radiographic classification and Glassman tomographic classification were used as criteria to analyze the bone consolidation. RESULT: Comparing the group I with group II, according to the criteria of Molinari, bilateral fusion was observed in 27.5% of the patients in group I in the first month after surgery. In group II, the rate of bilateral fusion was 25.0% and 20% in the third and sixth months, respectively. The results of computed tomography scans performed at six months after surgery indicated, according to the criteria of Glassman, a rate of bilateral solid fusion of 15.0% and 10.0% in groups I and II, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of PRP showed no significant difference in bone healing in cases of lumbar arthrodesis.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To correlate spinopelvic balance with the development of degenerative spondylolisthesis and disk herniation. METHODS: This was a descriptive retrospective study that evaluated 60 patients in this hospital, 30 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis at the L4-L5 level and 30 with herniated disk at the L4-L5 level, all of whom underwent Surgical treatment. RESULTS: Patients with lumbar disk herniation at L4-L5 level had a mean tilt of 8.06, mean slope of 36.93, and mean PI of 45. In patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis at the L4-L5 level, a mean tilt of 22.1, mean slope of 38.3, and mean PI of 61.4 were observed. CONCLUSION: This article reinforces the finding that the high mean tilt and PI are related to the onset of degenerative spondylolisthesis, and also concluded that the same angles, when low, increase the risk for disk herniation.

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the discal height and lumbar lordosis gains, comparatively, according to the two lumbar arthrodesis techniques, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), used in the treatment of spinal degenerative diseases. Methods: The present study, retrospective, was done with 60 patients who underwent decompression and 1 level lumbar arthrodesis in the Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (HSCMV), between January 2010 and December 2015. The patients were divided in two groups of 30 each, according to the utilized intersomatic arthrodesis technique: TLIF or PLIF. All patients presented pathologies at the L4-L5 level. In this study, the discal height gain and lumbar lordosis variation were evaluated by analyzing spinal radiographies of the pre and post-operatory periods from patients of the two groups, measured by the software Surgimap®. In addition, the pain intensity in the post-operatory period was estimated by the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain). Results: Both techniques presented a gain in the discal height in the post-operatory. There was no statistically significant difference between the discal height variation obtained with the PLIF technique when compared to the TLIF technique (p = 0.139). In the same way, there was no statistically significant difference in the lumbar lordosis variation between the two studied groups (p = 0.184). By the EVA Pain analysis, there was no significant difference in the pain intensity in the post-operatory period between both arthrodesis surgeries. Conclusion: There is no difference in the discal height gain and lumbar lordosis variation, as well as in the pain intensity in the post-operatory periods, in patients who underwent 1 level intersomatic arthrodesis when comparing the PLIF and TLIF techniques.

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a version of the Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI), translated into Portuguese and culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Methods: The well-established process of translation into Portuguese and back translation into English was used together with cultural adaptation. Results: Five bilingual translators (English and Portuguese) performed the translation of the Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI) from English to Portuguese based on interactive discussions used to arrive at a consensus translation. The translated version of LSDI was then translated into English by a native English-speaking translator who did not know the concepts involved in LSDI. The original LSDI and back translation were compared by a committee formed by the translators responsible for translating the original into Portuguese and a North-American spine surgeon, and because they were considered equivalent, the final version of the LSDI translated into Portuguese and culturally adapted was defined. Conclusions: In order to facilitate global and cross-cultural comparisons of the influence of lumbar stiffness related to spinal arthrodesis in daily activities, this study presents a version of LSDI that has been translated into Portuguese and culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Level of Evidence; Not Applicable. Prospective Study.