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Learning disability (LD) is a developmental and neurobiological disorder frequently witnessed in childhood, resulting from the impairment of one or more academic skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and mathematical reasoning. Although the most common group among individuals with special needs is individuals with a diagnosis of LD, the national literature includes a limited number of studies conducted with the families of the students in this group. The present study aims to explore the difficulties experienced by students diagnosed with LD in their education lives based on their parents' views. The study is a descriptive study employing the qualitative research design. The study group consisted of parents (six mothers, two fathers) selected using the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form was developed by the authors and administered to the families of children with LD to explore their children's education and their problems. The interviews were conducted face-to-face by the first author. The analysis of the generated data was conducted using the inductive approach. Based on the study results, four main themes, 10 sub-themes related to main themes, and 32 categories related to the sub-themes were formed. The findings revealed that parents faced problems regarding their children's school life and teachers, and this negatively affected their family life. Among the parents' views on the diagnosis process, who made the first diagnosis and the effects of this process on family life came to the fore. In addition, it was revealed that after the diagnosis, the educational life of the children was adversely affected and there were different situations regarding the educational life of the children with LD compared to the children with normal development. Furthermore, the participants emphasized their expectations regarding their family life and the educational life of their children. The study findings were discussed based on the literature and recommendations were made for future studies.

The purpose of this study was to descriptively analyze theses and dissertations written "on learning disabilities. In line with this purpose, keywords such as "specific learning disability", "specific learning disorder", "learning disability", "reading impairment", "reading disability", "dyslexia", "writing impairment", "writing disability", "dysgraphia", "mathematics impairment", "mathematics disability" and "dyscalculia" were used for the review. The search including the studies published in 2020 put forth 31 master's theses and 20 Ph.D. However, due to the official restrictions on the studies, the full texts of one master's thesis and one Ph.D. thesis could not be downloaded. According to the findings, the first master's thesis was published in 1996, whereas the first Ph.D. dissertation was published in 1998. Written by students from different graduate schools and different departments, these theses and dissertations were gathered around four skill areas. According to the number of theses and dissertations, these skills were reading, mathematics, writing, and science, respectively. Although the increase in the number of the studies written on the subject from different disciplines especially in recent years is considered positive, it is noteworthy that there is no content knowledge in the aforementioned studies conducted outside the special education departments taking into consideration the academic language used and how the study problems are addressed. The theses and dissertations were also explored in terms of participant types, data collection tools, validity-reliability works related to data analysis, and study results. The findings were discussed in the context of developments in the field of special education.

The purpose of this study was to compare the reading skills of the fourth graders who were poor readers in different text genres (story and informative text). Fifty-six fourth-grade students who were poor readers participated in this study. Reading rates, reading errors and reading prosody characteristics of the students were examined in the study. It was concluded that although reading rates of students were higher when reading the informative text, they had also produced a higher number of errors for this text genre. This finding revealed that the informative text was completed in a shorter amount of time, but more errors occurred than when reading the story text. The findings of this study make it abundantly clear that all stakeholders should continue to work diligently in organising reading instruction and reading interventions that support reading fluency among all readers and for all text genres.

This paper presents a close-formation flight of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the aim of the study is to improve the understanding of the vortex effects between fixed-wing UAVs in a swarm using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. To validate the numerical method, results of a variable-density wind tunnel test from the literature were used. This numerical CFD analysis was used to determine the lift coefficient (CL) and the drag coefficient (CD) values for a single UAV at various angles of attack. When examining the aerodynamic impact areas behind the UAV, the longitudinal distance between the two UAVs is not particularly effective for close flight. Therefore, CFD analyses were carried out on the two UAVs for both vertical and lateral distances. The optimum position for close-formation flight was identified using CL/CD ratios. The results of the analysis indicate that the most effective flights, across all lateral positions, occur when the two UAVs are vertically at the same height. In terms of aerodynamic efficiency, the most effective points for close-formation flight for wingspan b are at lateral distances of 0.875 b and 1 b. At these positions, flight efficiency can be increased by approximately 11.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nImpact statementThis study aimed to assess the impact of light on the reproductive performance of leeches for the first time using the Mediterranean medicinal leech Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820, which is important in medicinal leech aquaculture. Gravid leeches were subjected to three different light conditions: 24-h Light, 24-h Dark, and Daylight (14-h light and 10-h dark) for 11 weeks. Gravidity ended at the 8th week for the Dark (5.33 ± 0.38 weeks) and Daylight (5.41 ± 0.29 weeks) groups, whereas it persisted for 11 weeks in the Light group (6.75 ± 0.51 weeks) (p = 0.031). In comparison to the Daylight group (cocoons: 40, offspring: 538), the Light (cocoons: 50, offspring: 723) and Dark (cocoons: 45, offspring: 576) groups achieved a greater yield of cocoons (p = 0.312) and offspring (p = 0.323). We invite discussion on the notion that the enhanced reproductive capacity of leeches in full light and full dark conditions, as opposed to daylight, may be attributed to the disturbance of their circadian rhythms. Effects of light on reproductive performance of leeches were investigated for the first time.Gravidity lasted 3 weeks longer in the 24-hour light group.Cocoon and offspring were more abundant in 24-h light and 24-h dark groups.Findings are thought to be due to the disruption of the circadian rhythms of the leeches.Effects of light on reproductive performance of leeches were investigated for the first time.Gravidity lasted 3 weeks longer in the 24-hour light group.Cocoon and offspring were more abundant in 24-h light and 24-h dark groups.Findings are thought to be due to the disruption of the circadian rhythms of the leeches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In tremor syndromes, pharmacological therapy is the primary treatment, but deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used when it is insufficient. We explore the use of DBS, focusing on the globus pallidus internus for dystonia and the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) for tremor conditions. We introduce the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) as a potential target, suggesting its efficacy in tremor reduction, particularly in rare tremor syndromes. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of double targeting the VIM and PSA in rare tremor conditions, highlighting the limited existing data on this. Methods: Between 2019 and 2023, 22 patients with rare tremor syndromes were treated with bilateral DBS of the VIM and PSA. This case series consisted of 7 isolated head tremor, 1 hepatic encephalopathic tremor due to Abernethy syndrome, 2 voice tremor, 4 dystonic tremor, and 8 Holmes tremor (2 multiple sclerosis, 2 cerebellar insult, and 4 posttraumatic) patients. Patients' preoperative and 12-month postoperative tremor scores were compared, and the optimum VIM and PSA stimulation areas were investigated. Results: There was a significant reduction in the mean TRS score from 3.70 (±0.57) to 0.45 (±0.68) after 12 months of surgery. Specific outcomes for different indications were observed: for head tremor, 6 of 7 patients showed a reduction in TRS scores to 0 points; the vocal tremor patients demonstrated improvement; this change was not statistically significant, which is likely to be due to the low number of patients in this subgroup; the dystonic tremor patients showed either complete tremor abolition or a reduction in TRS scores; the Holmes tremor patients showed an 80% reduction in TRS scores; and the hepatic encephalopathy tremor and Abernethy syndrome patients showed a 75% improvement in TRS scores. The stimulation parameters converged on the VIM and dorsal PSA. Complications included the need for electrode repositioning, infections requiring electrode removal and re-implantation, dysarthria, and stimulation-induced ataxia, which was resolved by adjusting the stimulation parameters. Discussion: The literature on DBS for rare tremors is limited. Double targeting of the VIM and PSA appears to produce promising improvements on the outcomes reported in the existing literature on VIM-only DBS. The proximity of the VIM and PSA allows for flexible electrode placement, contributing to the potential success of the dual-target approach. We also discuss the theoretical advantages of targeting the PSA based on the distribution of tremor circuits, emphasizing the need for further research and electrophysiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi is the property of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ozel Egitim Dergisi is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to determine the Hirudinea fauna to Lake Karagöl (Sındırgı-Balıkesir, Türkiye) and Lake Gölcük (Bigadiç-Balıkesir, Türkiye), which has not been found in any limnological studies before. It was determined the species of Placobdella costata, Helobdella stagnalis, Hirudo verbana, Haemopis sanguisuga and Dina punctata in Lake Karagöl and P. costata, Glossiphonia concolor, Dina lineata and D. punctata in Lake Gölcük. According to the findings of the present study Dina punctata was reported for the first time in the Turkish Hirudinea fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ozel Egitim Dergisi is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)