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1. Effect of adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired bloodstream infections on intensive care unit patient prognosis: a causal inference approach using data from the Eurobact2 study

Author

Tabah, Alexis, Lipman, Jeffrey, Pollock, Hamish, Ben Margetts, Udy, Andrew, Young, Meredith, Bhadange, Neeraj, Tyler, Steven, Ledtischke, Anne, Finnis, Mackenzie, Dwivedi, Jyotsna, Saxena, Manoj, Biradar, Vishwanath, Soar, Natalie, Sarode, Vineet, Brewster, David, Regli, Adrian, Weeda, Elizabeth, Ahmed, Samiul, Fourie, Cheryl, Laupland, Kevin, Ramanan, Mahesh, Walsham, James, Meyer, Jason, Litton, Edward, Maria Palermo, Anna, Yap, Timothy, Eroglu, Ege, George Attokaran, Antony, Jaramillo, C'havala, Nafees, Khalid Mk, Nafees, Khalid Mahmood Khan, Aqilah Haji Abd Rashid, Nurhikmahtul, Adi Muhamad Ibnu Walid, Haji, Mon, Tomas, Dhakshina Moorthi, P., Sudhirchandra, Shah, Sridharan, Dhadappa Damodar, Haibo, Qiu, Xie, Jianfeng, Jianfeng, Xie, Wei-Hua, Lu, Zhen, Wang, Qian, Chuanyun, Luo, Jili, Chen, Xiaomei, Wang, Hao, Zhao, Peng, Zhao, Juan, Wusi, Qiu, Mingmin, Chen, Xu, Lei, Yin, Chengfen, Wang, Ruilan, Wang, Jinfeng, Yin, Yongjie, Zhang, Min, Ye, Jilu, Hu, Chungfang, Zhou, Suming, Huang, Min, Yan, Jing, Wang, Yan, Qin, Bingyu, Ye, Ling, Weifeng, Xie, Peije, Li, Geng, Nan, Ling, Lowell, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Karumai, Toshiyuki, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Hosokawa, Koji, Makino, Jun, Matsuyoshi, Takeo, Kuriyama, Akira, Shigemitsu, Hidenobu, Mishima, Yuka, Nagashima, Michio, Yoshida, Hideki, Fujitani, Shigeki, Omori, Koichiro, Rinka, Hiroshi, Saito, Hiroki, Atobe, Kaori, Kato, Hideaki, Takaki, Shunsuke, Sulaiman, Helmi, Shahnaz Hasan, M., Fadhil Hadi Jamaluddin, Muhamad, Pheng, Lee See, Visvalingam, Sheshendrasurian, Thing Liew, Mun, Ling Danny Wong, Siong, Khang Fong, Kean, Bt Abdul Rahman, Hamizah, Md Noor, Zuraini, Lee, Kok Tong, Hamid Azman, Abd., Zulfakar Mazlan, Mohd, Ali, Saedah, Hernandez, Aaron Mark, Abello, Anton, Jeon, Kyeongman, Lee, Sang-Min, Park, Sunghoon, Park, Seung Yong, Yoon Lim, Sung, Kwa, Andrea Lay Hoon, Yuan Goh, Qing, Ng, Shin Yi, An Lie, Sui, Junyang Goh, Ken, Yunkai Li, Andrew, Ong, Caroline Yu Ming, Yan Lim, Jia, Lishan Quah, Jessica, Ng, Kangqi, Xiang Long Ng, Louis, Yeh, Tony Yu-Chang, Chang Yeh, Yu, Chou, Nai-Kuan, Cia, Cong-Tat, Hu, Ting-Yu, Kuo, Li-Kuo, Ku, Shih-Chi, Wongsurakiat, Phunsup, Apichatbutr, Yutthana, Chiewroongroj, Supattra, Alsisi, Adel, Nadeem, Rashid, El Houfi, Ashraf, Elhadidy, Amr, Barsoum, Mina, Osman, Nermin, Mostafa, Tarek, Elbahnasawy, Mohamed, Saber, Ahmed, Aldhalia, Amer, Elmandouh, Omar, Elsayed, Ahmed, Elbadawy, Merihan A., Awad, Ahmed K., Hemead, Hanan M., Zand, Farid, Ouhadian, Maryam, Hamid Borsi, Seyed, Mehraban, Zahra, Kashipazha, Davood, Ahmadi, Fatemeh, Savaie, Mohsen, Soltani, Farhad, Rashidi, Mahboobeh, Baghbanian, Reza, Javaherforoosh, Fatemeh, Amiri, Fereshteh, Kiani, Arash, Amin Zargar, Mohammad, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Aalinezhad, Fatemeh, Dabiri, Gholamreza, Sabetian, Golnar, Sarshad, Hakimeh, Masjedi, Mansoor, Tajvidi, Ramin, Nasirodin (S.M.N.) Tabatabaei, Dr Seyed Mohammad, Ahmed, Abdullah Khudhur, Singer, Pierre, Kagan, Ilya, Rigler, Merav, Belman, Daniel, Levin, Phillip, Harara, Belal, Diab, Adei, Abillama, Fayez, Abilama, Fayez, Ibrahim, Rebecca, Fares, Aya, Elhadi, Muhammed, Buimsaedah, Ahmad, Gamra, Marwa, Aqeelah, Ahmed, Ali Mohammed Ali, Almajdoub, Gaber Sadik Homaidan, Ahmed, Almiqlash, Bushray, Bilkhayr, Hala, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Sa Taher, Ahmed, Abdulwahed, Eman, Abousnina, Fathi A., Khaled Hdada, Aisha, Jobran, Rania, Ben Hasan, Hayat, Shaban Ben Hasan, Rabab, Khalid Abidi, Serghini, Issam, Seddiki, Rachid, Boukatta, Brahim, Kanjaa, Nabil, Mouhssine, Doumiri, Ahmed Wajdi, Maazouzi, Dendane, Tarek, Ali Zeggwagh, Amine, Housni, Brahim, Younes, Oujidi, Hachimi, Abdelhamid, Ghannam, A., Belkhadir, Z., Abu Jayyab, Mustafa, Aithssain, Ali, Lance, Marcus, Nissar, Shaikh, Sallam, Hend, Elrabi, Omar, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A., Awad, Maher, Aljabbary, Ahmed, Karam Chaaban, Mohammad, Abu-Sayf, Natalia, Al-Jadaan, Mohammad, Bakr, Lubna, Mounir Bouaziz, Bouaziz, Mounir, Turki, Olfa, Sellami, Walid, Vidal, Gabriela, Centeno, Pablo, Morvillo, Natalia, Oscar Acevedo, José, Mabel Lopez, Patricia, Fernández, Rubén, Segura, Matías, Aparicio, Marta, Alonzo, Irene, Nuccetelli, Yanina, Montefiore, Pablo, Arias, Mario, Felipe Reyes, Luis, Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A., Romero-Gonzalez, Juan P., Hermosillo, Mariana, Alejandro Castillo, Roberto, Nicolás Pantoja Leal, Jesús, Garcia Aguilar, Candy, Ocotlan Gonzalez Herrera, Mara, Vladimir Espinoza Villafuerte, Missael, Lomeli-Teran, Manuel, Dominguez-Cherit, Jose G., Davalos-Alvarez, Adrian, Sánchez-Hurtado, Luis, Tejeda-Huezo, Brigitte, Perez-Nieto, Orlando R., Deloya Tomas, Ernesto, De Bus, Liesbet, De Waele, Jan, Francois, Guy, Hollevoet, Isabelle, Denys, Wouter, Bourgeois, Marc, Vanderhaeghen, Sofie F.M., Mesland, Jean-Baptiste, Henin, Pierre, Haentjens, Lionel, Biston, Patrick, Noel, Cindérella, Layos, Nathalie, Misset, Benoît, De Schryver, Nicolas, Serck, Nicolas, Wittebole, Xavier, De Waele, Elisabeth, Opdenacker, Godelive, Kovacevic, Pedja, Zlojutro, Biljana, Ina, Filipovic-Grcic, Custovic, Aida, Filipovic-Grcic, Ina, Radonic, Radovan, Vujaklija Brajkovic, Ana, Persec, Jasminka, Sakan, Sanja, Nikolic, Mario, Lasic, Hrvoje, Leone, Marc, Timsit, Jean-François, Ruppe, Etienne, Ruckly, Stephane, Montravers, Philippe, Arbelot, Charlotte, Patrier, Juliette, Zappela, N., Montravers, P., Dulac, Thierry, Castanera, Jérémy, Auchabie, Johann, Le Meur, Anthony, Marchalot, A., Beuzelin, M., Massri, Alexandre, Guesdon, Charlotte, Escudier, Etienne, Mateu, Philippe, Rosman, Jérémy, Leroy, Olivier, Alfandari, Serge, Nica, Alexandru, Souweine, Bertrand, Coupez, Elisabeth, Duburcq, Thibault, Kipnis, Eric, Bortolotti, Perrine, Le Souhaitier, Mathieu, Mira, Jean-Paul, Garcon, Pierre, Duprey, Matthieu, Thyrault, Martial, Paulet, Rémi, Philippart, François, Tran, Marc, Bruel, Cédric, Weiss, Emmanuel, Janny, Sylvie, Foucrier, Arnaud, Perrigault, Pierre-François, Djanikian, Flora, Barbier, François, Gainnier, Marc, Bourenne, Jérémy, Louis, Guillaume, Smonig, Roland, Argaud, Laurent, Baudry, Thomas, Mekonted Dessap, Armand, Razazi, Keyvan, Kalfon, Pierre, Badre, Gaëtan, Larcher, Romaric, Lefrant, Jean-Yves, Roger, Claire, Sarton, Benjamine, Silva, Stein, Demeret, Sophie, Le Guennec, Loïc, Siami, Shidasp, Aparicio, Christelle, Voiriot, Guillaume, Fartoukh, Muriel, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Imzi, Nadia, Klouche, Kada, Bracht, Hendrik, Hoheisen, Sandra, Bloos, Frank, Thomas-Rueddel, Daniel, Petros, Sirak, Pasieka, Bastian, Dubler, Simon, Schmidt, Karsten, Gottschalk, Antje, Wempe, Carola, Lepper, Philippe, Metz, Carlos, Viderman, Dmitriy, Umbetzhanov, Yerlan, Mugazov, Miras, Bazhykayeva, Yelena, Kaligozhin, Zhannur, Babashev, Baurzhan, Merenkov, Yevgeniy, Temirov, Talgat, Arvaniti, Kostoula, Smyrniotis, Dimitrios, Psallida, Vasiliki, Fildisis, Georgios, Soulountsi, Vasiliki, Kaimakamis, Evangelos, Iasonidou, Cristina, Papoti, Sofia, Renta, Foteini, Vasileiou, Maria, Romanou, Vasiliki, Koutsoukou, Vasiliki, Kristina Matei, Mariana, Moldovan, Leora, Karaiskos, Ilias, Paskalis, Harry, Marmanidou, Kyriaki, Papanikolaou, M., Kampolis, C., Oikonomou, Marina, Kogkopoulos, Evangelos, Nikolaou, Charikleia, Sakkalis, Anastasios, Chatzis, Marinos, Georgopoulou, Maria, Efthymiou, Anna, Chantziara, Vasiliki, Sakagianni, Aikaterini, Athanasa (Athanassa), Zoi (Zoe), Papageorgiou, Eirini, Ali, Fadi, Dimopoulos, Georges, Panagiota Almiroudi, Mariota, Malliotakis, Polychronis, Marouli, Diamantina, Theodorou, Vasiliki, Retselas, Ioannis, Kouroulas, Vasilios, Papathanakos, Georgios, Bassetti, Matteo, Giacobbe, Daniele, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Sales, Gabriele, De Pascale, Gennaro, Maria Montini, Luca, Carelli, Simone, Vargas, Joel, Di Gravio, Valentina, Roberto Giacobbe, Daniele, Gratarola, Angelo, Porcile, Elisa, Mirabella, Michele, Daroui, Ivan, Lodi, Giovanni, Zuccaro, Francesco, Grazia Schlevenin, Maria, Pelosi, Paolo, Battaglini, Denise, Cortegiani, Andrea, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Bellina, Davide, Di Guardo, Andrea, Pelagalli, Lorella, Covotta, Marco, Rocco, Monica, Fiorelli, Silvia, Cotoia, Antonella, Chiara Rizzo, Anna, Adam Mikstacki, Mikstacki, Adam, Tamowicz, Barbara, Kaptur Komorowska, Irmina, Szczesniak, Anna, Bojko, Jozef, Kotkowska, Anna, Walczak-Wieteska, Paulina, Wasowska, Dominika, Nowakowski, Tomasz, Broda, Hanna, Mariusz Peichota, Assoc, Pietraszek-Grzywaczewska, Iwona, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Bisanti, Alessandra, Paiva, José Artur, Póvoa, Pedro, Cartoze, Nuno, Pereira, Tiago, Guimarães, Nádia, Alves, Madalena, Josefina Pinheiro Marques, Ana, Rios Pinto, Ana, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Teresa, Ana, Manuel Pereira de Figueiredo, António, Botelho, Isabel, Duarte, Tiago, Costa, Vasco, Pedro Cunha, Rui, Molinos, Elena, Tito da Costa, Ledo, Sara, Queiró, Joana, Pascoalinho, Dulce, Nunes, Cristina, Pedro Moura, José, Pereira, Énio, Carvalho Mendes, António, Valeanu, Liana, Bubenek-Turconi, Serban, Marina Grintescu, Ioana, Cobilinschi, Cristian, Carmen Filipescu, Daniela, Elena Predoi, Cornelia, Tomescu, Dana, Popescu, Mihai, Marcu, Alexandra, Grigoras, Ioana, Lungu, Olguta, Gritsan, Alexey, Anderzhanova, Anastasia, Meleshkina, Yulia, Magomedov, Marat, Zubareva, Nadezhda, Tribulev, Maksim, Gaigolnik, Denis, Eremenko, Aleksandr, Vistovskaya, Natala, Chukina, Maria, Belskiy, Vladislav, Furman, Mikhail, Ferrer Rocca, Ricard, Martinez, Maria, Casares, Vanessa, Mellado Artigas, Ricard, Vera, Paula, Flores, Matias, Amador Amerigo, Joaquin, Gracia Arnillas, Maria Pilar, Munoz Bermudez, Rosana, Armestar, Fernando, Catalan, Beatriz, Roig, Regina, Raguer, Laura, Dolores Quesada, María, Diaz Santos, Emilio, Gomà, Gemma, Ubeda, Alejandro, Salgado, Maria, Forcelledo Espina, Lorena, Garcia Prieto, Emilio, Asensio, Mj, Rodriguez, M., Maseda, Dr Emilio, Suarez De La Rica, Alejandro, Ignacio Ayestaran, J., Novo, Mariana, Blasco-Navalpotro, Miguel Angel, Orejas Gallego, Alberto, Sjovall, Fredrik, Sjövall, Fredrik, Spahic, Dzana, Johan Svensson, Carl, Haney, Michael, Edin, Alicia, Åkerlund, Joyce, De Geer, Lina, Prazak, Josef, Buetti, Niccolò, Jakob, Stephan, Pagani, Jl, Abed-Maillard, S., Akova, Murat, Tarık Aslan, Abdullah, Tarik Aslan, Abdullah, Timuroglu, Arif, Kocagoz, Sesin, Kusoglu, Hulya, Mehtap, Selcuk, Ceyhun, Solakoğlu, Altintas, Dr. Neriman Defne, Talan, Leyla, Kayaaslan, Bircan, Kaya Kalem, Ayşe, Kurt, Dr. Ibrahim, Telli, Murat, Ozturk, Barcin, Erol, Çiğdem, Dindar Demiray, Emine Kubra, Çolak, Sait, Akbas, Türkay, Dr. Kursat Gundogan, Sari, Ali, Agalar, Canan, Çolak, Onur, Baykam, Nurcan (N), Akdogan, Ozlem (O), Yilmaz, Mesut, Tunay, Burcu, Cakmak, Rumeysa, Saltoglu, Nese, Karaali, Ridvan, Iftihar Koksal, Firdevs Aksoy, Eroglu, Ahmet, Tolga Saracoglu, Kemal, Bilir, Yeliz, Guzeldag, Seda, Ersoz, Gulden, Evik, Guliz, Sungurtekin, Hulya, Ozgen, Cansu, Erdoğan, Cem, Gürbüz, Yunus, Altin, Nilgün, Bayindir, Yasar, Ersoy, Yasemin, Goksu, Senay, Akyol, Ahmet, Dr, Kartal, Batirel, Ayse, Cagan Aktas, Sabahat, Morris, Andrew Conway, Conway Morris, Andrew, Routledge, Matthew, Ercole, Ari, Antcliffe, David, Rojo, Roceld, Tizard, Kate, Faulkner, Maria, Cowton, Amanda, Kent, Melanie, Raj, Ashok, Zormpa, Artemis, Tinaslanidis, George, Khade, Reena, Torlinski, Tomasz, Mulhi, Randeep, Goyal, Shraddha, Bajaj, Manan, Soltan, Marina, Yonan, Aimee, Dolan, Rachael, Johnson, Aimee, Macfie, Caroline, Lennard, James, Templeton, Maie, Sousa Arias, Sonia, Franke, Uwe, Hugill, Keith, Angell, Hollie, Benjamin J Parcell, Cobb, Katherine, Cole, Stephen, Smith, Tim, Graham, Clive, Cerman, Jaroslav, Keegan, Allison, Ritzema, Jenny, Sanderson, Amanda, Roshdy, Ashraf, Szakmany, Tamas, Baumer, Tom, Longbottom, Rebecca, Hall, Daniel, Tatham, Kate, Loftus, S., Husain, A., Black, E., Jhanji, S., Rao Baikady, R., Mcguigan, Peter, Mckee, Rachel, Kannan, Santhana, Antrolikar, Supriya, Marsden, Nicholas, Della Torre, Valentina, Banach, Dorota, Zaki, Ahmed, Jackson, Matthew, Chikungwa, Moses, Attwood, Ben, Patel, Jamie, Rebecca E Tilley, Humphreys, Sally K., Jean Renaud, Paul, Sokhan, Anton, Burma, Yaroslava, Sligl, Wendy, Baig, Nadia, McCoshen, Lorena, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J., Thompson, Patricia, Hewer, Tayne, Rabbani, Raihan, Huq, Shihan Mahmud Redwanul, Hasan, Rajib, Motiul Islam, Mohammad, Gurjar, Mohan, Baronia, Arvind, Kothari, Nikhil, Sharma, Ankur, Karmakar, Saurabh, Sharma, Priya, Nimbolkar, Janardan, Samdani, Pratit, Vaidyanathan, R., Ahmedi Rubina, Noor, Jain, Nikhilesh, Pahuja, Madhumati, Singh, Ritu, Shekhar, Saurav, Syed, Nabeel Muzaffar, Ozair, Ahmad, Sarwar Siddiqui, Suhail, Bose, Payel, Datta, Avijatri, Rathod, Darshana, Patel, Mayur, MK, Renuka, Sailaja, K Baby, Dsilva, Carol, Chandran, Jagadish, Ghosh, Pralay, Mukherjee, Sudipta, Sheshala, Kaladhar, Chandra Misra, Krushna, Adekola, Oyebola O., Yusuf Yakubu, Saidu, Mgbosoro Ugwu, Euphemia, Olatosi, John (O), Desalu, Ibironke, Asiyanbi, Gabriel, Oladimeji, Motunrayo, Idowu, Olusola, Adeola, Fowotade, Mer, Mervyn, Mc Cree, Melanie, El Sanousi, Dr. Bashir, Adil Ali Karar, Ali, Saidahmed, Elfayadh, Hamid, Hytham K.S., Loiodice, Ambre, Bailly, Sébastien, Ruckly, Stéphane, and Staiquly, Quentin

Published
2024
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2. Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Author

Rashidi, Mahboobeh, Hamid, Hytham K S, Saidahmed, Elfayadh, Karar, Ali Adil Ali, Mc Cree, Melanie, Adeola, Fowotade, Idowu, Olusola, Oladimeji, Motunrayo, Asiyanbi, Gabriel, Desalu, Ibironke, Olatosi, John O, Ugwu, Euphemia Mgbosoro, Yakubu, Saidu Yusuf, Misra, Krushna Chandra, Sheshala, Kaladhar, Mukherjee, Sudipta, Ghosh, Pralay, Chandran, Jagadish, Dsilva, Carol, Baby, Sailaja K, Renuka, M K, Patel, Mayur, Rathod, Darshana, Datta, Avijatri, Bose, Payel, Siddiqui, Suhail Sarwar, Ozair, Ahmad, Muzaffar, Syed Nabeel, Shekhar, Saurav, Singh, Ritu, Pahuja, Madhumati, Jain, Nikhilesh, Rubina, Noor Ahmedi, Vaidyanathan, R, Samdani, Pratit, Nimbolkar, Janardan, Sharma, Priya, Karmakar, Saurabh, Sharma, Ankur, Kothari, Nikhil, Baronia, Arvind, Gurjar, Mohan, Islam, Mohammad Motiul, Hasan, Rajib, Huq, Shihan Mahmud Redwanul, Rabbani, Raihan, Hewer, Tayne, Thompson, Patricia, Sligl, Wendy, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J, McCoshen, Lorena, Baig, Nadia, Burma, Yaroslava, Sokhan, Anton, Renaud, Paul Jean, Humphreys, Miss Sally K, Tilley, Rebecca E, Patel, Jamie, Attwood, Ben, Chikungwa, Moses, Jackson, Matthew, Zaki, Ahmed, Banach, Dorota, Torre, Valentina Della, Marsden, Nicholas, Antrolikar, Supriya, Kannan, Santhana, Mckee, Rachel, Mcguigan, Peter, Baikady, R Rao, Jhanji, S, Black, E, Husain, A, Loftus, S, Tatham, Kate, Hall, Daniel, Longbottom, Rebecca, Baumer, Tom, Szakmany, Tamas, Roshdy, Ashraf, Sanderson, Amanda, Ritzema, Jenny, Keegan, Allison, Cerman, Jaroslav, Graham, Clive, Smith, Tim, Cole, Stephen, Cobb, Katherine, Parcell, Benjamin J, Angell, Hollie, Hugill, Keith, Franke, Uwe, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Templeton, Maie, Lennard, James, Macfie, Caroline, Johnson, Aimee, Dolan, Rachael, Yonan, Aimee, Soltan, Marina, Bajaj, Manan, Goyal, Shraddha, Mulhi, Randeep, Torlinski, Tomasz, Khade, Reena, Tinaslanidis, George, Zormpa, Artemis, Raj, Ashok, Kent, Melanie, Cowton, Amanda, Faulkner, Maria, Tizard, Kate, Rojo, Roceld, Antcliffe, David, Ercole, Ari, Morris, Andrew Conway, Routledge, Matthew, Aktas, Sabahat Cagan, Batirel, Ayse, Akyol, Ahmet, Goksu, Senay, Ersoy, Yasemin, Bayindir, Yasar, Altin, Nilgün, Gürbüz, Yunus, Erdoğan, Cem, Ozgen, Cansu, Sungurtekin, Hulya, Evik, Guliz, Ersoz, Gulden, Guzeldag, Seda, Bilir, Yeliz, Saracoglu, Kemal Tolga, Eroglu, Ahmet, Aksoy, Firdevs, Koksal, Iftihar, Karaali, Ridvan, Saltoglu, Nese, Cakmak, Rumeysa, Tunay, Burcu, Yilmaz, Mesut, Akdogan, Ozlem O, Baykam, Nurcan N, Çolak, Onur, Agalar, Canan, Sari, Ali, Gundogan, KÜRŞAT, Akbas, Türkay, Çolak, Sait, Demiray, Emine Kubra Dindar, Erol, Çiğdem, Ozturk, Barcin, Telli, Murat, Kurt, Ibrahim, Kalem, Ayşe Kaya, Kayaaslan, Bircan, Talan, Leyla, Altintas, Neriman Defne, Ceyhun, Solakoğlu, Mehtap, Selcuk, Kusoglu, Hulya, Kocagoz, Sesin, Timuroglu, Arif, Aslan, Abdullah Tarik, Akova, Murat, Abed-Maillard, S, Pagani, Jl, Jakob, Stephan, Prazak, Josef, De Geer, Lina, Åkerlund, Joyce, Edin, Alicia, Haney, Michael, Svensson, Carl Johan, Spahic, Dzana, Sjövall, Fredrik, Gallego, Alberto Orejas, Blasco-Navalpotro, Miguel Angel, Novo, Mariana, Ayestaran, J Ignacio, De La Rica, Alejandro Suarez, Maseda, Emilio, Rodriguez, Dra M, Asensio, Dra Mj, Prieto, Emilio Garcia, Espina, Lorena Forcelledo, Salgado, Dra Maria, Ubeda, Alejandro, Gomà, Gemma, Santos, Emilio Diaz, Quesada, María Dolores, Raguer, Laura, Roig, Regina, Catalan, Beatriz, Armestar, Fernando, Bermudez, Rosana Munoz, Arnillas, Maria Pilar Gracia, Amerigo, Joaquin Amador, Flores, Matias, Vera, Paula, Casares, Vanessa, Martinez, Maria, Rocca, Ricard Ferrer, Furman, Mikhail, Belskiy, Vladislav, Chukina, Maria, Vistovskaya, Natala, Eremenko, Aleksandr, Gaigolnik, Denis, Tribulev, Maksim, Zubareva, Nadezhda, Magomedov, Marat, Meleshkina, Yulia, Anderzhanova, Anastasia, Gritsan, Alexey, Lungu, Olguta, Grigoras, Ioana, Marcu, Alexandra, Popescu, Mihai, Tomescu, Dana, Predoi, Cornelia Elena, Filipescu, Daniela Carmen, Cobilinschi, Cristian, Grintescu, Ioana Marina, Bubenek-Turconi, Serban, Valeanu, Liana, Mendes, António Carvalho, Pereira, Énio, Moura, José Pedro, Nunes, Cristina, Pascoalinho, Dulce, Queiró, Joana, Ledo, Sara, da Costa, Tito, Molinos, Elena, Cunha, Rui Pedro, Costa, Vasco, Duarte, Tiago, Botelho, Isabel, de Figueiredo, António Manuel Pereira, Teresa, Ana, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Pinto, Ana Rios, Marques, Ana Josefina Pinheiro, Alves, Madalena, Guimarães, Nádia, Pereira, Tiago, Cartoze, Nuno, Bisanti, Alessandra, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Pietraszek-Grzywaczewska, Iwona, Peichota, Mariusz, Broda, Hanna, Nowakowski, Tomasz, Wasowska, Dominika, Walczak-Wieteska, Paulina, Kotkowska, Anna, Bojko, Jozef, Szczesniak, Anna, Komorowska, Irmina Kaptur, Tamowicz, Barbara, Mikstacki, Adam, Rizzo, Anna Chiara, Cotoia, Antonella, Fiorelli, Silvia, Rocco, Monica, Covotta, Marco, Pelagalli, Lorella, Di Guardo, Andrea, Bellina, Davide, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Cortegiani, Andrea, Battaglini, Denise, Pelosi, Paolo, Schlevenin, Maria Grazia, Zuccaro, Francesco, Lodi, Giovanni, Daroui, Ivan, Mirabella, Michele, Porcile, Elisa, Gratarola, Angelo, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, Di Gravio, Valentina, Vargas, Joel, Carelli, Simone, Montini, Luca Maria, De Pascale, Gennaro, Sales, Gabriele, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Papathanakos, Georgios, Kouroulas, Vasilios, Retselas, Ioannis, Theodorou, Vasiliki, Marouli, Diamantina, Malliotakis, Polychronis, Almiroudi, Mariota Panagiota, Dimopoulos, Georges, Ali, Fadi, Papageorgiou, Eirini, Athanasa, Zoi, Sakagianni, Aikaterini, Chantziara, Vasiliki, Efthymiou, Anna, Georgopoulou, Maria, Chatzis, Marinos, Sakkalis, Anastasios, Nikolaou, Charikleia, Kogkopoulos, Evangelos, Oikonomou, Marina, Kampolis, C, Papanikolaou, M, Marmanidou, Kyriaki, Paskalis, Harry, Karaiskos, Ilias, Moldovan, Leora, Matei, Mariana Kristina, Koutsoukou, Vasiliki, Romanou, Vasiliki, Vasileiou, Maria, Renta, Foteini, Papoti, Sofia, Iasonidou, Cristina, Kaimakamis, Evangelos, Soulountsi, Vasiliki, Fildisis, Georgios, Psallida, Vasiliki, Smyrniotis, Dimitrios, Arvaniti, Kostoula, Temirov, Talgat, Merenkov, Yevgeniy, Babashev, Baurzhan, Kaligozhin, Zhannur, Bazhykayeva, Yelena, Mugazov, Miras, Ymbetzhanov, Yerlan, Viderman, Dmitriy, Metz, Carlos, Lepper, Philippe, Wempe, Carola, Gottschalk, Antje, Schmidt, Karsten, Dubler, Simon, Pasieka, Bastian, Petros, Sirak, Thomas-Rueddel, Daniel, Bloos, Frank, Hoheisen, Sandra, Bracht, Hendrik, Klouche, Kada, Imzi, Nadia, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Fartoukh, Muriel, Voiriot, Guillaume, Aparicio, Christelle, Siami, Shidasp, Le Guennec, Loïc, Demeret, Sophie, Silva, Stein, Sarton, Benjamine, Roger, Claire, Lefrant, Jean-Yves, Larcher, Romaric, Badre, Gaëtan, Kalfon, Pierre, Razazi, Keyvan, Dessap, Armand Mekonted, Baudry, Thomas, Argaud, Laurent, Smonig, Roland, Louis, Guillaume, Bourenne, Jérémy, Gainnier, Marc, Barbier, François, Djanikian, Flora, Perrigault, Pierre-François, Foucrier, Arnaud, Janny, Sylvie, Weiss, Emmanuel, Bruel, Cédric, Tran, Marc, Philippart, François, Paulet, Rémi, Thyrault, Martial, Duprey, Matthieu, Garcon, Pierre, Mira, Jean-Paul, Le Souhaitier, Mathieu, Bortolotti, Perrine, Kipnis, Eric, Duburcq, Thibault, Coupez, Elisabeth, Souweine, Bertrand, Nica, Alexandru, Alfandari, Serge, Leroy, Olivier, Rosman, Jérémy, Mateu, Philippe, Escudier, Etienne, Guesdon, Charlotte, Massri, Alexandre, Beuzelin, M, Marchalot, A, Le Meur, Anthony, Auchabie, Johann, Castanera, Jérémy, Dulac, Thierry, Montravers, P, Zappela, N, Patrier, Juliette, Timsit, Jean-François, Arbelot, Charlotte, Leone, Marc, Lasic, Hrvoje, Nikolic, Mario, Sakan, Sanja, Persec, Jasminka, Brajkovic, Ana Vujaklija, Radonic, Radovan, Filipovic-Grcic, Ina, Custovic, Aida, Zlojutro, Biljana, Kovacevic, Pedja, Opdenacker, Godelive, De Waele, Elisabeth, Wittebole, Xavier, Serck, Nicolas, De Schryver, Nicolas, Misset, Benoît, Layos, Nathalie, Noel, Cindérella, Biston, Patrick, Haentjens, Lionel, Henin, Pierre, Mesland, Jean-Baptiste, Vanderhaeghen, Sofie F M, Bourgeois, Marc, Denys, Wouter, Hollevoet, Isabelle, De Waele, Jan, De Bus, Liesbet, Tomas, Ernesto Deloya, Perez-Nieto, Orlando R, Tejeda-Huezo, Brigitte, Sánchez-Hurtado, Luis, Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A, Davalos-Alvarez, Adrian, Dominguez-Cherit, Jose G, Lomeli-Teran, Manuel, Villafuerte, Missael Vladimir Espinoza, Herrera, Mara Ocotlan Gonzalez, Aguilar, Candy Garcia, Leal, Jesús Nicolás Pantoja, Castillo, Roberto Alejandro, Hermosillo, Mariana, Romero-Gonzalez, Juan P, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Montefiore, Pablo, Nuccetelli, Yanina, Alonzo, Microbiologa Irene, Aparicio, Dra Marta, Segura, Matías, Fernández, Rubén, Lopez, Patricia Mabel, Acevedo, José Oscar, Morvillo, Lic Natalia, Centeno, Pablo, Sellami, Walid, Turki, Olfa, Bouaziz, Mounir, Bakr, Lubna, Al-Jadaan, Mohammad, Abu-Sayf, Natalia, Chaaban, Mohammad Karam, Aljabbary, Ahmed, Awad, Maher, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A, Elrabi, Omar, Sallam, Hend, Nissar, Shaikh, Lance, Marcus, Karic, Edin, Elbuzidi, Abdurahaman, Hssain, Ali Ait, Jayyab, Mustafa Abu, Amro, Sarah, Belkhadir, Z, Ghannam, A, Hachimi, Abdelhamid, Younes, Oujidi, Housni, Brahim, Zeggwagh, Amine Ali, Dendane, Tarek, Wajdi, Maazouzi Ahmed, Mouhssine, Doumiri, Kanjaa, Nabil, Boukatta, Brahim, Seddiki, Rachid, Serghini, Issam, Hasan, Rabab Shaban Ben, Hasan, Hayat Ben, Jobran, Rania, Hdada, Aisha Khaled, Abousnina, Fathi A, Abdulwahed, Eman, Taher, Ahmed Sa, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Bilkhayr, Hala, Almiqlash, Bushray, Homaidan, Ahmed Gaber Sadik, AliAli, Almajdoub Mohammed, Aqeelah, Ahmed, Gamra, Marwa, Buimsaedah, Ahmad, Fares, Aya, Ibrahim, Rebecca, Abilama, Fayez, Diab, Adei, Harara, Belal, Levin, Phillip, Belman, Daniel, Rigler, Merav, Kagan, Ilya, Singer, Pierre, Ahmed, Abdullah Khudhur, Tabatabaei, Seyed Mohammad Nasirodin, Tajvidi, Ramin, Masjedi, Mansoor, Sarshad, Hakimeh, Sabetian, Golnar, Dabiri, Gholamreza, Aalinezhad, Fatemeh, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Zargar, Mohammad Amin, Kiani, Arash, Amiri, Fereshteh, Javaherforoosh, Fatemeh, Baghbanian, Reza, Soltani, Farhad, Savaie, Mohsen, Ahmadi, Fatemeh, Kashipazha, Davood, Mehraban, Zahra, Borsi, Seyed Hamid, Ouhadian, Maryam, Zand, Farid, Hemead, Hanan M, Awad, Ahmed K, Elbadawy, Merihan A, Elsayed, Ahmed, Elmandouh, Omar, Aldhalia, Amer, Saber, Ahmed, Elbahnasawy, Mohamed, Mostafa, Tarek, Osman, Nermin, Barsoum, Mina, Elhadidy, Amr, Alsisi, Adel, Houfi, Ashraf El, Nadeem, Rashid, Chiewroongroj, Supattra, Apichatbutr, Yutthana, Wongsurakiat, Phunsup, Ku, Shih-Chi, Kuo, Li-Kuo, Hu, Ting-Yu, Cia, Cong-Tat, Chou, Nai-Kuan, Yeh, Yu Chang, Ng, Louis Xiang Long, Ng, Kangqi, Quah, Jessica Lishan, Lim, Jia Yan, Ong, Caroline Yu Ming, Li, Andrew Yunkai, Goh, Ken Junyang, Kwa, Andrea Lay Hoon, Lie, Sui An, Ng, Shin Yi, Goh, Qing Yuan, Lim, Sung Yoon, Park, Seung Yong, Park, Sunghoon, Lee, Sang-Min, Jeon, Kyeongman, Ali, Saedah, Mazlan, Mohd Zulfakar, Azman, Abd Hamid, Tong, Lee Kok, Noor, Zuraini Md, Rahman, Hamizah Bt Abdul, Fong, Kean Khang, Wong, Siong Ling Danny, Liew, Mun Thing, Visvalingam, Sheshendrasurian, Pheng, Lee See, Jamaluddin, Muhamad Fadhil Hadi, Hasan, M Shahnaz, Takaki, Shunsuke, Kato, Hideaki, Atobe, Kaori, Saito, Hiroki, Rinka, Hiroshi, Omori, Koichiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Yoshida, Hideki, Nagashima, Michio, Mishima, Yuka, Shigemitsu, Hidenobu, Kuriyama, Akira, Matsuyoshi, Takeo, Makino, Jun, Hosokawa, Koji, Hashimoto, Satoru, Yamasaki, Masaki, Karumai, Toshiyuki, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Geng, Nan, Peije, Li, Weifeng, Xie, Ye, Ling, Qin, Bingyu, Wang, Yan, Yan, Jing, Huang, Min, Zhou, Suming, Hu, Chungfang, Ye, Jilu, Zhang, Min, Yin, Yongjie, Wang, Jinfeng, Wang, Ruilan, Yin, Chengfen, Xu, Lei, Mingmin, Chen, Wusi, Qiu, Zhao, Juan, Zhao, Peng, Wang, Hao, Chen, Xiaomei, Luo, Jili, Qian, Chuanyun, Zhen, Wang, Wei-Hua, Lu, Jianfeng, Xie, Haibo, Qiu, Sridharan, Dhadappa Damodar, Sudhirchandra, Shah, Moorthi, P Dhakshina, Mon, Tomas, Walid, Haji Adi Muhamad Ibnu, Tabah, Alexis, Buetti, Niccolò, Staiquly, Quentin, Ruckly, Stéphane, Conway Morris, Andrew, Bassetti, Matteo, Lipman, Jeffrey, Ferrer, Ricard, Qiu, Haibo, Paiva, José-Artur, Povoa, Pedro, Abidi, Khalid, Elhadi, Muhammed, Pollock, Hamish, Margetts, Ben, Young, Meredith, Bhadange, Neeraj, Tyler, Steven, Ledtischke, Anne, Finnis, Mackenzie, Dwivedi, Jyotsna, Saxena, Manoj, Biradar, Vishwanath, Soar, Natalie, Sarode, Vineet, Brewster, David, Regli, Adrian, Weeda, Elizabeth, Ahmed, Samiul, Fourie, Cheryl, Laupland, Kevin, Ramanan, Mahesh, Walsham, James, Meyer, Jason, Litton, Edward, Palermo, Anna Maria, Yap, Timothy, Eroglu, Ege, Attokaran, Antony George, Jaramillo, C'havala, Nafees, Khalid Mahmood Khan, Rashid, Nurhikmahtul Aqilah Haji Abd, Tabah, Alexi, Buetti, Niccolò, Staiquly, Quentin, Ruckly, Stéphane, Akova, Murat, Aslan, Abdullah Tarik, Leone, Marc, Conway Morris, Andrew, Bassetti, Matteo, Arvaniti, Kostoula, Lipman, Jeffrey, Ferrer, Ricard, Qiu, Haibo, Paiva, José-Artur, Povoa, Pedro, De Bus, Liesbet, De Waele, Jan, Zand, Farid, Gurjar, Mohan, Alsisi, Adel, Abidi, Khalid, Bracht, Hendrik, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Jeon, Kyeongman, Elhadi, Muhammed, Barbier, Françoi, Timsit, Jean-Françoi, EUROBACT-2 Study Group, ESICM, ESCMID ESGCIP and the OUTCOMEREA Network including, Andrea Cortegiani, and Mariachiara Ippolito

Subjects
antibiotic resistance, bloodstream infection, hospital-acquired, bacteremia, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Abstract

Purpose: In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results: 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) waspresent in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alivefrom hospital by day-28. Conclusions: HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes.

Published
2023

3. Different epidemiology of bloodstream infections in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 critically ill patients: a descriptive analysis of the Eurobact II study

Author

Buetti, Niccolò, Tabah, Alexis, Loiodice, Ambre, Ruckly, Stéphane, Aslan, Abdullah Tarik, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Cortegiani, Andrea, Saltoglu, Nese, Kayaaslan, Bircan, Aksoy, Firdevs, Murat, Akova, Akdoğan, Özlem, Saracoglu, Kemal Tolga, Erdogan, Cem, Leone, Marc, Ferrer, Ricard, Paiva, José-Artur, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Ramanan, Mahesh, Conway Morris, Andrew, Barbier, François, Timsit, Jean-François, Lipman, Jeffrey, Litton, Edward, Palermo, Anna Maria, Yap, Timothy, Eroglu, Ege, Hosokawa, Koji, Yoshida, Hideki, Fujitani, Shigeki, Zand, Farid, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Tabatabaei, Seyed Mohammad Nasirodin, Elrabi, Omar, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A, Vidal, Gabriela, Aparicio, Marta, Alonzo, Irene, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A, Hermosillo, Mariana, Castillo, Roberto Alejandro, De Bus, Liesbet, De Waele, Jan, Hollevoet, Isabelle, De Schryver, Nicolas, Serck, Nicolas, Kovacevic, Pedja, Zlojutro, Biljana, Ruppe, Etienne, Montravers, Philippe, Dulac, Thierry, Castanera, Jérémy, Massri, Alexandre, Guesdon, Charlotte, Garcon, Pierre, Duprey, Matthieu, Philippart, François, Tran, Marc, Bruel, Cédric, Kalfon, Pierre, Badre, Gaëtan, Demeret, Sophie, Le Guennec, Loïc, Bassetti, Matteo, Giacobbe, Daniele, Sales, Gabriele, Daroui, Ivan, Lodi, Giovanni, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Bellina, Davide, Di Guardo, Andrea, Rocco, Monica, Fiorelli, Silvia, Mikstacki, Adam, Peichota, Mariusz, Pietraszek-Grzywaczewska, Iwona, Póvoa, Pedro, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Teresa, Ana, De Figueiredo, António Manuel Pereira, Botelho, Isabel, Costa, Vasco, Cunha, Rui Pedro, Gritsan, Alexey, Belskiy, Vladislav, Furman, Mikhail, Martinez, Maria, Casares, Vanessa, Arnillas, Maria Pilar Gracia, Bermudez, Rosana Munoz, Ubeda, Alejandro, Salgado, Maria, Maseda, Emilio, De La Rica, Alejandro Suarez, Blasco-Navalpotro, Miguel Angel, Gallego, Alberto Orejas, Prazak, Josef, Pagani, JL, Abed-Maillard, S, Iskit, Arzu Topeli, Mehtap, Selcuk, Ceyhun, Solakoğlu, Kalem, Ayşe Kaya, Kurt, Ibrahim, Telli, Murat, Ozturk, Barcin, Baykam, Nurcan, Karaali, Ridvan, Koksal, Iftihar, Bilir, Yeliz, Guzeldag, Seda, Ersoz, Gulden, Evik, Guliz, Bayindir, Yasar, Ersoy, Yasemin, Ercole, Ari, Raj, Ashok, Zormpa, Artemis, Tinaslanidis, George, Khade, Reena, Roshdy, Ashraf, Kannan, Santhana, Antrolikar, Supriya, Marsden, Nicholas, Attwood, Ben, Patel, Jamie, Gurjar, Mohan, Dsilva, Carol, Chandran, Jagadish, Sanousi, Bashir El, Saidahmed, Elfayadh, Hamid, Hytham KS, Buetti, Niccolò, Tabah, Alexi, Loiodice, Ambre, Ruckly, Stéphane, Aslan, Abdullah Tarik, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Cortegiani, Andrea, Saltoglu, Nese, Kayaaslan, Bircan, Aksoy, Firdev, Murat, Akova, Akdoğan, Özlem, Saracoglu, Kemal Tolga, Erdogan, Cem, Leone, Marc, Ferrer, Ricard, Paiva, José-Artur, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Ramanan, Mahesh, Conway Morris, Andrew, Barbier, Françoi, Timsit, Jean-François, Conway Morris, Andrew [0000-0002-3211-3216], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut Català de la Salut, [Buetti N] Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland. INSERM, IAME, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France. [Tabah A] Intensive Care Unit, Redclife Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. [Loiodice A, Ruckly S] ICURESEARCH, Fonaine, France. [Aslan AT] Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. [Montrucchio G] Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy. [Ferrer R] Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Xoc, Disfunció Orgànica i Ressuscitació, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Timsit, Jean-Françoi, Lipman, Jeffrey, Litton, Edward, Palermo, Anna Maria, Yap, Timothy, Eroglu, Ege, Hosokawa, Koji, Yoshida, Hideki, Fujitani, Shigeki, Zand, Farid, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Tabatabaei, Seyed Mohammad Nasirodin, Elrabi, Omar, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A., Vidal, Gabriela, Aparicio, Marta, Alonzo, Irene, Namendys-Silva, Silvio A., Hermosillo, Mariana, Castillo, Roberto Alejandro, De Bus, Liesbet, De Waele, Jan, Hollevoet, Isabelle, De Schryver, Nicola, Serck, Nicola, Kovacevic, Pedja, Zlojutro, Biljana, Ruppe, Etienne, Montravers, Philippe, Dulac, Thierry, Castanera, Jérémy, Massri, Alexandre, Guesdon, Charlotte, Garcon, Pierre, Duprey, Matthieu, Philippart, Françoi, Tran, Marc, Bruel, Cédric, Kalfon, Pierre, Badre, Gaëtan, Demeret, Sophie, Le Guennec, Loïc, Bassetti, Matteo, Giacobbe, Daniele, Sales, Gabriele, Daroui, Ivan, Lodi, Giovanni, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Bellina, Davide, Di Guardo, Andrea, Rocco, Monica, Fiorelli, Silvia, Mikstacki, Adam, Peichota, Mariusz, Pietraszek-Grzywaczewska, Iwona, Póvoa, Pedro, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Teresa, Ana, de Figueiredo, António Manuel Pereira, Botelho, Isabel, Costa, Vasco, Cunha, Rui Pedro, Gritsan, Alexey, Belskiy, Vladislav, Furman, Mikhail, Martinez, Maria, Casares, Vanessa, Arnillas, Maria Pilar Gracia, Bermudez, Rosana Munoz, Ubeda, Alejandro, Salgado, Maria, Maseda, Emilio, De La Rica, Alejandro Suarez, Blasco-Navalpotro, Miguel Angel, Gallego, Alberto Oreja, Prazak, Josef, Pagani, J. L., Abed-Maillard, S., Iskit, Arzu Topeli, Mehtap, Selcuk, Ceyhun, Solakoğlu, Kalem, Ayşe Kaya, Kurt, Ibrahim, Telli, Murat, Ozturk, Barcin, Baykam, Nurcan, Karaali, Ridvan, Koksal, Iftihar, Bilir, Yeliz, Guzeldag, Seda, Ersoz, Gulden, Evik, Guliz, Bayindir, Yasar, Ersoy, Yasemin, Ercole, Ari, Raj, Ashok, Zormpa, Artemi, Tinaslanidis, George, Khade, Reena, Roshdy, Ashraf, Kannan, Santhana, Antrolikar, Supriya, Marsden, Nichola, Attwood, Ben, Patel, Jamie, Gurjar, Mohan, Dsilva, Carol, Chandran, Jagadish, Sanousi, Bashir El, Saidahmed, Elfayadh, and Hamid, Hytham K. S.

Subjects
Male, bloodstream infections, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/epidemiology [Other subheadings], Critical Illness, COVID-19 (Malaltia) - Epidemiologia, RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI, Bacteremia, Bloodstream infection, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Critical Illness [DISEASES], Cohort Studies, afecciones patológicas, signos y síntomas::procesos patológicos::atributos de la enfermedad::enfermedad crítica [ENFERMEDADES], Sepsis, virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus [ENFERMEDADES], Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, NCT03937245, Unitats de cures intensives, Aged, Cross Infection, Malalties bacterianes, infecciones bacterianas y micosis::infección::infección hospitalaria [ENFERMEDADES], Research, Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/epidemiología [Otros calificadores], COVID-19, Enterococcus, ICU-acquired, Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [DISEASES], Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Cross Infection [DISEASES], Intensive Care Units, NCT, ICU, RNA
Abstract

Funder: European society of Intensive Care Medicine, Funder: European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Funder: Norva Dahlia foundation and the Redcliffe Hospital Private Practice Trust Fund, Background The study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSIs) between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. Methods We used data from the Eurobact II study, a prospective observational multicontinental cohort study on HABSI treated in ICU. For the current analysis, we selected centers that included both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. We performed descriptive statistics between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in terms of patients’ characteristics, source of infection and microorganism distribution. We studied the association between COVID-19 status and mortality using multivariable fragility Cox models. Results A total of 53 centers from 19 countries over the 5 continents were eligible. Overall, 829 patients (median age 65 years [IQR 55; 74]; male, n = 538 [64.9%]) were treated for a HABSI. Included patients comprised 252 (30.4%) COVID-19 and 577 (69.6%) non-COVID-19 patients. The time interval between hospital admission and HABSI was similar between both groups. Respiratory sources (40.1 vs. 26.0%, p < 0.0001) and primary HABSI (25.4% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.006) were more frequent in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had more often enterococcal (20.5% vs. 9%) and Acinetobacter spp. (18.8% vs. 13.6%) HABSIs. Bacteremic COVID-19 patients had an increased mortality hazard ratio (HR) versus non-COVID-19 patients (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.49–2.45). Conclusions We showed that the epidemiology of HABSI differed between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Enterococcal HABSI predominated in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with HABSI had elevated risk of mortality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.org number NCT03937245. Registered 3 May 2019.

Published
2022

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