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This work evaluates the effects of manganese (Mn) doping on the morpho-structural features, mechanical performance, and in vitro biological response of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) derived bioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications. Five different Mn doping levels (i.e., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1 wt.%) were investigated, with the β-TCP-based bioceramics being sintered at four temperatures (i.e., 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C). A densification improvement was induced when using Mn in excess of 0.05 wt.%; the densification remained stationary in the sintering temperature range of 1200 − 1300 °C. The structural analyses evidenced that all samples sintered at 1000 and 1100 °C were composed of β-TCP as major phase and hydroxyapatite (HA) as a minor constituent (~ 4–6 wt.%). At the higher temperatures (1200 and 1300 °C), the formation of α-TCP was signalled at the expense of both β-TCP and HA. The Mn doping was evidenced by lattice parameters changes. The evolution of the phase weights is linked to a complex inter-play between the capacity of the compounds to incorporate Mn and the thermal decomposition kinetics. The Mn doping induced a reduction in the mechanical performance (in terms of compressive strength, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus) of the β-TCP-based ceramics. The metabolic activity and viability of osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) for the ceramics were studied in both powder and compacted pellet form. Ceramics with Mn doping levels lower than 0.1 wt.% yielded a more favorable microenvironment for the osteoblast cells with respect to the undoped β-TCP. No cytotoxic effects were recorded up to 21 days. The Mn-doped β-TCPs showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in alkaline phosphatase activity with respect to pure β-TCP.

The production of porous ceramics for biomedical applications is widely available in the Ceramics industry. In bioceramic applications, interconnected pores are pertinent to increase osteoconductivity and cell proliferation. However, an increase in pore size and the pore amount decrease the mechanical properties. For this reason, pore properties must be precisely controlled. In this study, the effect of a natural pore-forming agent, corn starch addition, and sintering conditions on mechanical properties and biocompatibility was investigated. During mixing, four different starch amounts (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) were added to pure beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramic powders and pressed. Pressed pellets were sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 °C. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to investigate microstructure, texture, pore size, and cell adhesion. The mechanical properties of the β-TCP ceramic parts were further characterized by measuring the density and compressive strength. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out with MTT assays. The optimum mechanical properties were obtained at 1100 °C sintered biocomposites. Although starch starts to burn around 410 °C and analytical results show no presence of starch after the sintering process, biocomposites initially containing 10% starch showed improved cell proliferation. However, a reduction of 59% in compressive strength and a 16% reduction in the density were also recorded. It was observed that 10 wt% starch addition increases cell proliferation by 10% in sintered β-TCP samples. Starch powder additions can be used to increase the cell viability of the material by facilitating the creation of pores, as a low-cost pore-forming agent for porous bone graft and non-load-bearing material in both orthopaedics and maxillofacial applications. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

In this study, the nanostructural vacancy behavior of bovine derived hydroxyapatite (BHA) doped with powder zirconmullite (ZM) contents of 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 wt.% were presented at sintering temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 degrees C. ZM-doped BHA (ZM-BHA) was characterized by X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Density and hardness behavior were measured with respect to increasing sintering temperature. PALS results indicate that the longest lifetime component tau(3) of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) localized at open spaces is attributed to the vacancy site and almost constant with the ZM contents and the sintering temperatures to have a mean value of 0.680 ns (corresponding to the radius of 0.997 nm). This average value is ascribed to the OH group defects along the main crystalline line. On the other hand, the o-Ps intensity attributed to the number of vacancy sites increases almost linearly with ZM additives and sintering temperatures. The intensity is also related to the density and hardness of ZM-BHA in terms of ZM contents.

© 2022, Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with long-term multisystem complications, among which are non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Electrospinning is a sophisticated technique for the preparation of polymeric nanofibers impregnated with drugs for wound healing, burns, and diabetic ulcers. This study describes the fabrication and characterization of a novel drug-eluting dressing made of core–shell structured hyaluronic acid (HA)–keratin (KR)-polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers to treat diabetic wounds. The core–shell nanofibers produced by the emulsion electrospinning technique provide loading of metformin hydrochloride (MH), HA, and KR in the core of nanofibers, which in return improves the sustained long term release of the drug and prolongs the bioactivity. Morphological and chemical properties of the fibers were examined by SEM, FTIR, and XRD studies. It was observed that the fibers which contain HA and KR showed thin fiber structure, greater swelling capacity, fast degradation and increased cumulative drug release amount than neat emulsion fibers due to the hydrophilic nature of HA and KR. MH showed a sustained release from all fiber samples over 20 days and followed the first-order and Higuchi model kinetics and Fickian diffusion mechanism according to kinetic analysis results. In vitro cell culture studies showed that the developed mats exhibited enhanced biocompatibility performance with HA and KR incorporation. The results show that HA and KR-based emulsion electrospun fiber mats are potentially useful new nanofiber-based biomaterials in their use as drug carriers to treat diabetic wounds.

Diabetic wounds have a slow healing process and easy to be infected. In addition to current drug treatments, supportive approaches are needed for diabetic wound treatment. In this study, we aimed to load Aloe Vera (AV) and Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) with PCL/Ge (Poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/Gelatine) polymeric biodegradable by electrospinning method into nanofiber dressings on an experimental diabetic wound model to compare the diabetic wound healing effect. Changes in the amount and chemical structure of phospholipids, proteins, and lipids were investigated in the blood and serum samples of the animals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. To evaluate biological events associated with the wound repair process in inflammatory phase we used oxidant and antioxidant status to determine the healing status of wounds such as Total antioxidant status (TAS), Total oxidant level (TOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. TOS level increased in DM groups and decreased in the AV and HPO group. Oxidative stress index decreased and TNF-α level increased in the HPO group. FTIR spectra showed changes in the phospholipids, proteins, and carbon chain of lipids in the whole blood as well as serum of DM rats. FTIR spectra combined with Principal component analysis (PCA) showed, that treated DM rats by AV and HPO caused return chemical structure of blood and serum to this observed in control group. Higher similarity with control group for HPO rats was observed. HPO is better than AV in the alternative for healing on diabetic wound. Thus, we have demonstrated that IR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis and biochemical assays are consistent and correlative with each other. WOS:000639680900001 33743307 Q1

In the presented study; Hydroxyapatite (HA) used in many areas such as filling of cavities, bone tissue treatments, chin-face, orthopedic and dental surgeries, was obtained from waste salmon fish bones. Instead of producing chemically in a laboratory environment, hard tissue waste of natural resources was used. As trace elements such as magnesium, zinc, and strontium in the structure of natural resources support bone formation, waste salmon fish bones, which are a natural source, were preferred as raw materials. Other advantages include being easy to access raw materials, cheap and environmentally friendly. HA was obtained from salmon bones by the thermal calcination method. The obtained pure salmon hydroxyapatites were sintered at different temperatures, and the effect of changing sintering temperature on the density, microhardness, compressive strength, and elasticity module in the material was investigated. Crystal phase analysis of salmon hydroxyapatite powder and thermal analysis up to a certain temperature were made. MTT cytotoxicity test was performed to measure whether the materials were toxic. This study has the potential to contribute to the development of biomaterial studies for bone repair.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear natural polymer, polysaccharide, with a high water affinity, biocompatible, called glucosaminoglycan. It is the preferred material in bioengineering research with its biodegradability, biodegradability and biofunctionality. In this study, hyaluronic acid was produced by chemical extraction from the rooster needle, which has not been evaluated much in our country. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy analysis of the produced hyaluronic acid was performed. As a result, it has been shown that hyaluronic acid, a product with high added value, can be produced from cock crests by chemical methods.

In current study the electrical properties of clinoptilolite/aluminium oxide/bovine hydroxyapatite composites (Cp/Al2O3/BHA) were analysed. Different concentrations of Cp and Al2O3 (5 and 15 wt% for both Cp and Al2O3) were added to BHA (70 and 90 wt% BHA) and studied after being sintered at 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300°C for 4 hours under ambient conditions. The dielectric constant (ɛ'), theoretical dielectric constant (ɛ"), dielectric loss factor (tanδ), capacity and conductivity properties were measured on the frequency of 0.1Hz to 10MHz. As the experiment indicates the electrical capacity, loss factor and dielectric values of BHA, CSHA and Al2O3 are high at lower frequencies. While the composite materials, especially the 5wt% Cp and Al2O3 exhibits high stability, smaller amount of change and better conductive properties than pure substances.

In this study, sintering effects on microstructural behavior of bovine derived hydroxyapatite doped with powder mullite are considered in the temperature range between 1000 °C and 1300 °C. Results show that maximum values of both compressive strength and microhardness are achieved in the samples sintered at 1200 °C for all mullite additions of 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 wt%. Moreover, above 1000 °C, decomposition of HA and new phase formations such as whitlockite and gehlenite play a major role in both compressive strength and microhardness properties which increase up to 10 wt% mullite reinforcement. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

The biocompatibility of clinoptilolite/alumina/bovine hydroxyapatite (Cp - A12O3 - BHA) composite, at different ratio obtained by powder pressing process, were investigated studying the behavior of osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cells. The biocompatibility was examined by means of cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility tests. The structure and morphology of bioceramic composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The results showed that these materials have no toxic effects. The natural composite that fabricated in this study may be a promising approach for bone-engineering applications.

Electrospinning is a one-step, cost-effective and versatile technique that is used at the production of nanofibers from a wide range of biopolymer materials. The high surface area of ultra-thin fibers was produced by electrospinning makes them ideally suitable for various biomedical applications. In this study, keratin and hyaluronic acid as bioactive substances were produced by extracting from animal sources and characterized. The core-shell structured nanofibers were produced by emulsion electrospinning technique with using keratin, hyaluronic acid, polycaprolactone and polyethylene oxide. The morphology, chemical bonding structures, thermal behaviour and mechanical strength of all nanofibers which were produced by adding keratin and hyaluronic acid to these structures separately and together, were investigated.

Şahin, Yeşim Müge (Arel Author), The present paper aims to overcome the problems related to previous use of autologous grafts using available synthetic grafts. To examine the optimum of the ideal vessel-like constructs parameters are produced at 230 degrees C. At this production temperature, the elastic modulus values of the constructs ranges from 56 MPa to 174 MPa. The maximum cell proliferation is obtained from PCL/7wt.%CS/5wt.%H that is tested by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The structures are visualized with all constructs after cell fixation by making use of the HUVEC cell line.

The preparation and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) and clinoptilolite–alumina composites are studied. Clinoptilolite (Cp) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) (at varying concentrations 5, 10 and 15 wt% ) were added to calcinated BHA powder. Green cylindrical samples were sintered at several temperatures between 1000 and 1300 °C for 4 h in air. Compression strength, Vickers microhardness and elastic modulus, as well as density, were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were also performed. The experimental results showed that varying concentrations 5, 10 and 15 wt% Cp–Al2O3 to BHA and difference in the sintering temperature between 1000 and 1300 °C increase in the microhardness (67 and 305 HV, respectively), compression strength (between 31 and 105.6 MPa, respectively) and elastic modulus (between 540 and 1275 MPa, respectively). The experimental results gained optimal parameters to be utilized in the preparation of BHA and Cp–Al2O3 composites. These natural Cp–Al2O3/BHA composites have the potential to be used in several advanced biomedical engineering applications.

The aim of this study is to examine the pH effect on bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) properties and observe the BiFeO3 behaviour in the polycaprolactone (PCL). In this paper, BiFeO3 was synthesized via co-precipitation method at three different pH values (10.64, 11.32, and 11.58). These produced particles were added into the 25wt.%PCL solutions separately to get the scaffolds using a 3D printing process. Crystallite sizes were determined from the Debye-Scherer formula using XRD. With different pH values, crystal sizes were found as 15, 12, and 10 nm and particle sizes determined from SEM were 142, 134, and 111.39 nm for 10.64, 11.32, and 11.58, respectively. The adenocarcinoma lung cancer cell (A549) adhesion on the scaffolds revealed that cells could attach to the scaffolds. Maximum dielectric constant values were obtained for the pellets and scaffolds as 10.37 nF and 6.16 nF for the pellet BiFeO3 (pH = 11.58) and the scaffold 25wt.%PCL/2wt.%BiFeO3 (pH = 11.58), respectively.

Natural calcium phosphates derived from fish wastes are a promising material for biomedical application. However, their sintered ceramics are not fully characterized in terms of mechanical and biological properties. In this study, natural calcium phosphate was synthesized through a thermal calcination process from salmon fish bone wastes. The salmon-derived calcium phosphates (sCaP) were sintered at different temperatures to obtain natural calcium phosphate bioceramics and then were investigated in terms of their microstructure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In particular, this work is concerned with the effects of grain size on the relative density and microhardness of the sCaP bioceramics. Ca/P ratio of the sintered sCaP ranged from 1.73 to 1.52 when the sintering temperature was raised from 1000 to 1300 &deg, C. The crystal phase of all the sCaP bioceramics obtained was biphasic and composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The density and microhardness of the sCaP bioceramics increased in the temperature interval 1000&ndash, 1100 &deg, C, while at temperatures higher than 1100 &deg, C, these properties were not significantly altered. The highest compressive strength of 116 MPa was recorded for the samples sintered at 1100 &deg, C. In vitro biocompatibility was also examined in the behavior of osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cells, indicating that the sCaP bioceramics had no cytotoxicity effect. Salmon-derived biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) have the potential to contribute to the development of bone substituted materials.

Advanced biomedical imaging techniques, intelligent drug designs and controlled drug release studies let patients can be safeguarded via early detection of cancerous cells without damaged to healthy cells. In this study, the ICG nanoprobe was fabicated via co-axial electrospinning method by encapsulating of ICG, which has high light absorption and emission in the near infrared region (NIR), in biocompatible and biocompatible Poly(s-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer. During coaxial fiber formation, in order to understand of the physical effect of ICG solution onto pure PCL solution, viscocity, electrical conductivity, density and surface tension were characterized before co-axial electrospinning process. The high electrical conductivity and low viscosity of ICG, caused the PCL/ICG nanofiber diameters (Φ=3D627.15±157.77 nm) decreased compared to pure PCL nanofibers (Φ=3D930.71±210.27 nm). Encapsulated ICG dye in the PCL nanofiber was determined by FT-IR and confocal microscopy. Controlled ICG release from PCL / ICG nanofibers was performed up to 21 days in PBS (pH 7).

© 2017, Australian Ceramic Society. Nanofibrous composites of the poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with different compositions were manufactured by using an economical and non-complicated method called electrospinning. Produced fibrous structures showed no bead formation and had a clean surface. Characterization of the composites showed that particles were successfully mixed with polymer phase. High cell activity of SaOS-2 cells on the composites was observed with SEM images. In addition, fibrous scaffolds are biocompatible with human bone tissue and are highly degradable.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is produced from animal sources like bovine-sheep bones and from human sources with different techniques. Nowadays, it is very crucial utilizing higher valued products from waste materials. Especially, fish bones become major sources for HA production. We have used the waste bone of "Atlantic Bonito" (Sarda sarda), which is a very characteristic fish species. It lives through Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and up to the Black Sea, where it is regarded as a point commercial fish. In this study, the fish bones of "Atlantic Bonito" (Sarda sarda) were collected and cleaned from flesh and greasy parts with distilled boiling water. It was washed again with distilled water, dried and calcinated for 4 hours at 850 °C. Afterwards the material was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD analysis revealed the obtained bioceramic material is made of 66.7% HA and 33.3% TCP. The fish bone of “Atlantic Bonito” (Sarda sarda) can be easily trandformed to bioceramic material and it can be used in applications where partly resorbable and economic biomaterials with low carbon footprint needed.

In recent years, 3D printed scaffolds becoming a widespread tool, which supports the repair mechanism of natural tissues. In order to support this knowledge, we used 3D printing methods to fabricated Chitosan (CH)/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)-based scaffolds contains with a various ratio of hydroxyapatite (HA) (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 wt%). These composited scaffolds were further characterized for their chemical, morphological, mechanical, and biocompatibility properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), swelling test, and compressive strength test were performed to reveal structural, mechanical and chemical characteristics of scaffolds. Among others, 15 wt% HA contained group demonstrated significantly superior and beneficial features in printing quality. Also, the results reveal that scaffolds have similar elastic modulus to natural bone. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) protein was added to the most successful mechanically produced sample. As a result, it was shown that Chitosan/PVA/HA (15 wt%) with BMP-2 tissue scaffold could form a three-dimensional natural extracellular scaffold suitable for human mesenchymal stem cells. Altogether, these results show that hydroxyapatite added scaffolds produced may be a promising approach for bone tissue engineering applications.

WOS: 000379683500001, PubMed ID: 27388324, Background: We evaluated the Bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) structure. BHA powder was admixed with 5 and 10 wt% natural pumice (NP). Compression strength, Vickers micro hardness, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction studies were performed on the final NP-BHA composite products. The cells proliferation was investigated by MTT assay and SEM. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of NP-BHA samples was interrogated. Results: Variances in the sintering temperature (for 5 wt% NP composites) between 1000 and 1300 degrees C, reveal about 700 % increase in the microhardness (similar to 100 and 775 HV, respectively). Composites prepared at 1300 degrees C demonstrate the greatest compression strength with comparable result for 5 wt% NP content (87 MPa), which are significantly better than those for 10 wt% and those that do not include any NP (below 60 MPa, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggested the optimal parameters for the preparation of NP-BHA composites with increased mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Changes in micro-hardness and compression strength can be tailored by the tuning the NP concentration and sintering temperature. NP-BHA composites have demonstrated a remarkable potential for biomedical engineering applications such as bone graft and implant., Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey [FEN-B-080415-0117, FEN-C-YLP-140115-0008]; NIMP Core Programme [PN4501-3], Financial support of Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, through research projects FEN-B-080415-0117 and FEN-C-YLP-140115-0008 is acknowledged. GES is thankful for the financial support of the NIMP PN4501-3 Core Programme.

In the present study, gelatine scaffolds were manufactured by using modified 3D (3 Dimensional) printing machine and the effect of different parameters on scaffold structure were investigated. Such as; temperature, viscosity and surface tension of the gelatine solutions. The varying of gelatine solutions (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) were prepared and characterized. It has been detected that, viscosity of those solutions were highly influenced by temperature and gelatine concentration. Specific CAD (Computer Assistant Design) model which has 67% porosity and original design were created via computer software. However, at high temperatures gelatine solutions caused like liquid but at the lower temperatures were observed the opposite behaviour. In addition to that, viscosity of 1,3,5 wt.% solutions were not enough to build a structure and 20 wt.% gelatine solution too hard to handle, because of the sudden viscosity changes with temperature. Even though, scaffold of the 20 wt.% gelatine solution printed hardly but it was observed the best printed solutions, which were 10 and 15 wt.% gelatine solutions. As a result, 3D printing of gelatine were found the values of the best temperature, viscosity, surface tension and gelatine concentration such as 25-35 °C, 36-163 cP, 46-59 mN/m and 15 wt.% gelatine concentration respectively.

Bioceramics, especially calcium phosphate based bioceramics, whose examples are hydroxyapatite, and calcium phosphate powders have been widely used in the biomedical engineering applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most promising biomaterials, which are derived from natural sources, chemical method, animal like dental enamel and corals. The influence of sintering temperature on the electrical properties (i.e. DC conductivity, AC conductivity) of samples of sintered sheep enamel (SSSE) was studied in air and in vacuum ambient at room temperature. The sheep enamel were sintered at varying temperatures between 1000°C and 1300°C. DC conductivity results revealed that while dc conductivity of the SSSE decreases with increasing the sintering temperature in air ambient the values increased with increasing the sintering temperature in vacuum ambient. AC conductivity measurements were performed in the frequency range of 40 Hz - 105 Hz. The results showed that ac conductivity values decrease with increasing the sintering temperature.

The fabrication and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) and cerium oxide (CeO2) composites are presented. CeO2 (at varying concentrations 1, 5 and 10wt%) were added to calcinated BHA powder. The resulting mixtures were shaped into green cylindrical samples by powder pressing (350MPa) followed by sintering in air (1000-1300°C for 4h). Density, Vickers microhardness (HV), compression strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were performed on the products. The sintering behavior, microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties were evaluated. Differences in the sintering temperature (for 1wt% CeO2 composites) between 1200 and 1300°C, show a 3.3% increase in the microhardness (564 and 582.75HV, respectively). Composites prepared at 1300°C demonstrate the greatest compression strength with comparable results for 5 and 10wt% CeO2 content (106 and 107MPa) which are significantly better than those for 1wt% and those that do not include any CeO2 (90 and below 60MPa, respectively). The results obtained suggest optimal parameters to be used in preparation of BHA and CeO2 composites, while also highlighting the potential of such materials in several biomedical engineering applications. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd., 2003K120810, This study was carried out mainly with the equipment furnished (between 2007–2008) to Marmara University with the support of the Turkish Republic Government Planning Organization in the framework of the project 2003K120810 “Manufacturing and Characterization of Electro-Conductive Bioceramics”.

Ficai, Anton/0000-0002-1777-0525; Karademir, Betul/0000-0003-1762-0284 WOS:000503463400074 PubMed ID: 31658758 Background and Objectives: A coaxial electrospinning technique was used to produce core/shell nanofibers of a polylactic acid (PLA) as a shell and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing metformin hydrochloride (MH) as a core. Materials and Methods: Fish sarcoplasmic protein (FSP) was extracted from fresh bonito and incorporated into nanofiber at various concentrations to investigate the influence on properties of the coaxial nanofibers. The morphology, chemical structure and thermal properties of the nanofibers were studied. Results: The results show that uniform and bead-free structured nanofibers with diameters ranging from 621 nm to 681 nm were obtained. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis shows that FSP had a reducing effect on the crystallinity of the nanofibers. Furthermore, the drug release profile of electrospun fibers was analyzed using the spectrophotometric method. Conclusions: The nanofibers showed prolonged and sustained release and the first order kinetic seems to be more suitable to describe the release. MTT assay suggests that the produced drug and protein loaded coaxial nanofibers are non-toxic and enhance cell attachment. Thus, these results demonstrate that the produced nanofibers had the potential to be used for diabetic wound healing applications. BAPKO, Marmara University [FEN-B-121218-0614]; TUBITAK, TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [218S270] "This research was funded by BAPKO, Marmara University, grant number FEN-B-121218-0614" and TUBITAK, Turkey, grant number 218S270.