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5. The Effect of Pre-Applied Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Germination in Carthamus tinctorius L. Varieties.

Author

Gul, Volkan, Dinler, Burcu Seckin, Sefaoglu, Fırat, Cetinkaya, Hatice, and Koc, Fatma Nur

Subjects
SAFFLOWER, TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles, GERMINATION, SUSTAINABLE agriculture, SCANNING electron microscopy
Abstract

In the present study, to promote sustainable nano-farming, the apparent effects of different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm) of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2NPs) solutions on the germination percentage, index and duration of seeds belonging to Balcı, Dincer, Hasankendi, Koc, Olas, and Zirkon safflower varieties were investigated. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze TiO2NPs in germinated safflower varieties. Germination performance was TiO2NPs concentration and variety depended. It was determined that the seed samples displayed different responses to TiO2NPs concentrations; germination percentages were between 20.0±1.15 and 82.9±0.44%, germination durations were between 2.01±0.021 to 3.82±0.017 days, and germination indices were between 9.97±0.606 and 38.97±0.959. While the highest germination percentage (82.9±0.44%) was obtained from Dincer variety with 100 ppm TiO2NP pre-application, the lowest germination percentage (20.0±1.15% and 20.0±1.92%) was obtained from Balcı and Hasan Kendi varieties with 100 and 300 ppm TiO2NP pre-application. According to this result, although the highest germination percentage based on variety was obtained from the Dincer variety, the Balcı variety with the lowest germination percentage provided the most significant increase in the 200 ppm TiO2NPs application dose compared to the control. According to the germination percentage, it can be said that the most effective TiO2NPs application dose in Safflower varieties is 200 ppm. Further research on nanoparticles is needed to determine both the economical doses of TiO2NP pre-application and its uptake by the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection alters postpartum human milk-derived extracellular vesicles

Author

Chutipongtanate, Somchai, Cetinkaya, Hatice, Zhang, Xiang, Kuhnell, Damaris, Benefield, Desirée, Haffey, Wendy, Wyder, Michael, Patel, Richa, Conrey, Shannon C., Burrell, Allison R., Langevin, Scott, Nommsen-Rivers, Laurie, Newburg, David S., Greis, Kenneth D., Staat, Mary A., and Morrow, Ardythe L.

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles (HMEVs) are crucial functional components in breast milk, contributing to infant health and development. Maternal conditions could affect HMEV cargos; however, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on HMEVs remains unknown. This study evaluated the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on postpartum HMEV molecules. Milk samples (9 prenatal SARS-CoV-2 vs. 9 controls) were retrieved from the IMPRINT birth cohort. After defatting and casein micelle disaggregation, 1 mL milk was subjected to a sequential process of centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and qEV-size exclusion chromatography. Particle and protein characterizations were performed following the MISEV2018 guidelines. EV lysates were analyzed through proteomics and miRNA sequencing, while the intact EVs were biotinylated for surfaceomic analysis. Multi-Omics was employed to predict HMEV functions associated with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic data between the prenatal SARS-CoV-2 and control groups were similar. The median duration from maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity to milk collection was 3 months (range: 1-6 months). Transmission electron microscopy showed the cup-shaped nanoparticles. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated particle diameters of 1e11 particles from 1 mL milk. Western immunoblots detected ALIX, CD9 and HSP70, supporting the presence of HMEVs in the isolates. Thousands of HMEV cargos and hundreds of surface proteins were identified and compared. Multi-Omics predicted that mothers with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection produced HMEVs with enhanced functionalities involving metabolic reprogramming and mucosal tissue development, while mitigating inflammation and lower EV transmigration potential. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy boosts mucosal site-specific functions of HMEVs, potentially protecting infants against viral infections. Further prospective studies should be pursued to reevaluate the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding in the post-COVID era.

Published
2023

12. PACLOBUTRAZOL INDUCED NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND POLYAMINE LEVELS IN SOYBEAN PLANTS GROWN UNDER SALINITY STRESS.

Author

SECKIN DINLER, Burcu, CETINKAYA, Hatice, SERGIEV, Iskren, SHOPOVA, Elena, and TODOROVA, Dessislava

Subjects
*PACLOBUTRAZOL, *POLYAMINES, *ABIOTIC stress, *SOYBEAN yield, *PLANT regulators
Abstract

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of the triazole family of plant growth regulators and is known to protect crops from environmental stresses such as salinity and drought. It plays a role in maintaining water balance, photosynthesis capacity and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Despite the well-documented effects of PBZ on antioxidant defence in soybean plants, the changes in non-enzymatic antioxidants and endogenous polyamines in the PBZ-treated plants grown under salinity stress are still not studied. Herewith, the study aimed to clarify the effects of PBZ on these molecules. For this purpose, the combined effect of salt (250 mM NaCl) and three different concentrations of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on soybean (Glycine max L.) plants were studied. Proline, hydroxyl radical (OH.) scavenging capacity, non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic and free thiol-containing compounds) and polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine were investigated in the treated plants. We found that the PBZ (10 ppm) treatment was the most effective concentration to counteract oxidative stress due to NaCl in soybean seedlings. It significantly increased hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, and conjugated polyamine content compared to those found in salt-treated plants only. For the first time, our study showed that PBZ could induce the non-enzymatic antioxidant defence in soybean plants grown under salt stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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14. Association Between Maternal Dietary Inflammation Potential and Exclusive Breastfeeding

Author

Cetinkaya, Hatice

Subjects
Nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, dietary inflammatory potential, human milk, maternal diet
Abstract

Background: Breastfeeding duration is associated with multifactorial determinants including physiological and socio-demographic. An inflammatory diet could inhibit milk production via inhibition of mammary lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. We evaluated the association between dietary inflammation potential and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in a Midwestern U.S. setting where dietary patterns tend to be high in inflammatory foods.Methods: We used data from the Cincinnati subcohort of the Global Exploration of Human Milk (GEHM) Study, a longitudinal cohort of mother-infant pairs, in which mothers who did not achieve =75% breastfeeding by week 4 postpartum were excluded from further follow-up. 24-hour dietary recalls from 3 random days between weeks 4 and 13 postpartum were used to compute the dietary inflammatory potential via the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Data were analyzed using R Studio. Participants (n=108) were categorized into low, medium, and high DII tertiles. Since we observed nearly identical EBF trends for the first two DII tertiles, we combined these categories to increase the precision of the estimate. Then, we compared the proportion of EBF at 6 and 13 weeks postpartum between low/medium DII (n=72) versus high DII (n=36) groups. Comparisons used Fisher exact test and logistic regression analysis (OR [95% CI]), the latter stratified by prepregnancy BMI and maternal race. Results: Maternal prepregnancy BMI and proportion of WIC enrollment were significantly higher in the high DII group (p

Published
2022

15. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection alters postpartum human milk-derived extracellular vesicles.

Author

Chutipongtanate S, Cetinkaya H, Zhang X, Kuhnell D, Benefield D, Haffey W, Wyder M, Patel R, Conrey SC, Burrell AR, Langevin S, Nommsen-Rivers L, Newburg DS, Greis KD, Staat MA, and Morrow AL

Abstract

Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles (HMEVs) are crucial functional components in breast milk, contributing to infant health and development. Maternal conditions could affect HMEV cargos; however, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on HMEVs remains unknown. This study evaluated the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on postpartum HMEV molecules. Milk samples (9 prenatal SARS-CoV-2 vs. 9 controls) were retrieved from the IMPRINT birth cohort. After defatting and casein micelle disaggregation, 1 mL milk was subjected to a sequential process of centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and qEV-size exclusion chromatography. Particle and protein characterizations were performed following the MISEV2018 guidelines. EV lysates were analyzed through proteomics and miRNA sequencing, while the intact EVs were biotinylated for surfaceomic analysis. Multi-Omics was employed to predict HMEV functions associated with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic data between the prenatal SARS-CoV-2 and control groups were similar. The median duration from maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity to milk collection was 3 months (range: 1-6 months). Transmission electron microscopy showed the cup-shaped nanoparticles. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated particle diameters of <200 nm and yields of >1e11 particles from 1 mL milk. Western immunoblots detected ALIX, CD9 and HSP70, supporting the presence of HMEVs in the isolates. Thousands of HMEV cargos and hundreds of surface proteins were identified and compared. Multi-Omics predicted that mothers with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection produced HMEVs with enhanced functionalities involving metabolic reprogramming and mucosal tissue development, while mitigating inflammation and lower EV transmigration potential. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy boosts mucosal site-specific functions of HMEVs, potentially protecting infants against viral infections. Further prospective studies should be pursued to reevaluate the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding in the post-COVID era.

Published
2023
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