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To compare participation patterns, environmental supports, and barriers to community activities in adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Turkey. Participants were 94 adolescents with ADHD and 109 adolescents without ADHD ages 13-17 years (mean age 14.6, S.D 1.49 years) Participation frequency, involvement rate, mothers who desired change, and environmental supports and barriers in a community setting were assessed with the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY). Adolescents with ADHD participated 20.3% less frequently in socializing with peers in the community than adolescents without ADHD. With moderate to large effect sizes, the mean involvement rate in four community activities, including neighborhood outings, community events, socializing with peers in the community, and religious activities, was significantly lower for adolescents with ADHD than for adolescents without ADHD. Adolescents with ADHD participate less frequently and are less involved in socializing with peers in the community. Almost half of all ADHD adolescents never participate in community events. It was seen that cognitive difficulties, sensory qualities, and safety may prevent adolescents with ADHD from socializing with peers in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To systematically review the literature for evidence of effectiveness of power exercises on physical, physiological, and functional outcomes in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methodological quality and evidence synthesis were assessed with using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) Tools and Modified Bakker Scale. Using the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), outcome measures for muscle agriculture, gait, balance, motor function, aerobic/anaerobic fitness, daily living, mobility, and school participation were categorised. The overall RoB of four randomised clinical trials was low, one had some concerns and two were rated as high. Moderate evidence was found that power exercises increased walking speed, activities of daily living, muscle strength, and enhanced gross motor function more than a routine physical therapy program. The lack of stronger evidence for power training interventions to improve muscle architecture, muscle function, walking capacity, and mobility in children with CP might be explained by the differences in training protocols and degree to which these meet the physiological definition of power, different methods of measuring power, limited durations of training, and the relative effectiveness of control interventions. Future studies should include a stronger focus on child and family-centred participation goals. Power training can improve gross motor function, walking speed, muscle strength, and activities of daily living more than routine physical therapy. Results comparing power training versus traditional strength training were less pronounced likely because both are intensive and may have positive effects. More research is needed to investigate effects of power training on participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the effects of pelvic floor training on pain, sexual dysfunction and quality of life in female patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and determine whether pelvic floor training was superior to an education program. Methods: Forty‐six pSS patients (all women) with an average age of 47.78 ± 9.18 years were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as a pelvic floor training group and control group for 8 weeks. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ), Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Pelvic Floor Disability Index‐20 (PFDI‐20), and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ‐7) were used to evaluate the outcomes. All evaluations were performed at baseline and at the end of the 8th week. Results: When the groups were compared before training, there was no significant difference (p >.05). In post‐training comparisons, there were significant differences in VAS, PPIQ, FSFI, PFIQ‐7, and PFDI‐20 in the pelvic floor training group (p values between.02 and.00), and in FSFI‐lubrication, PFIQ‐7, and PFDI‐20 (p values between.00 and.03) in the control group. According to Δ values, the pelvic floor training group was found to be superior in terms of FSFI orgasm, pain, and lubrication scores (p =.00) and all sub‐parameters of PFDI‐20 (p =.00). Conclusion: Pelvic floor training has a positive effect on the sexual dysfunction and discomfort caused by pelvic symptoms in patients with pSS. Pelvic floor training should be included in rehabilitation programs to improve sexual function and pelvic floor dysfunctions for patients with pSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The L test is a modified version of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), with a walking path that is L-shaped. The L test is a more comprehensive test since it includes a longer walking path than TUG and turning in both directions. Objective: This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the L test, and the minimal detectable change (MDC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The study included 80 children with CP at levels 1 and 2 according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of the L test according to GMFCS level. MDC estimates were calculated using baseline data. The correlations of the L test with TUG and the Timed up and Down Stairs Test (TUDS) were assessed for convergent validity. Results: Intra-rater (ICC 0.903–0.985 for level 1–2) and inter-rater (ICC 0.806–0.937 for level 1–2) reliability of the L test were determined to be excellent. A moderate correlation was found between the L test and TUG (r: 0.691) and TUDS (r: 0.546) for level 1; a moderate correlation was found between the L test and TUG (r: 0.625) and a high correlation was found between the L test and TUDS (r: 0.734) for level 2. The MDC values in terms of intra-rater were 1.44–2.21 s for level 1–2, and 1.30–1.57 s for level 2 in terms of inter-rater, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the L test is a valid and reliable method in the assessment of functional mobility in children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of Tai Chi on balance and functional mobility in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: The study included 39 children, aged 10–14 years, with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. The participants were divided into three groups as the Tai Chi group, conventional exercise group, and control group. The Tai Chi group and the conventional exercise group received a 1-h exercise program twice a week for 10 weeks. The balance function of the children was assessed using the Pediatric Balance Scale, the balance subtest of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test 2-Short Form, and the Functional Reach Test. The Timed Up and Go Test and the Timed Up and Down Stairs Test were used to assess functional mobility. The Wilcoxon rank, Kruskal–Wallis. and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: When the pre-training values of the groups were compared, with the exception of the Timed Up and Go test, there was no statistically significant difference with respect to demographic data, balance, and functional mobility parameters (p > 0.05). After training, the overall balance and functional mobility tests improved compared to pre-training values in both the Tai Chi and conventional exercise groups (p < 0.05). When the post-training values were compared between the groups, with the exception of the Functional Reach Test and the Timed Up and Down Stairs Test, the results of both exercise groups were superior to those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Tai Chi and conventional exercise programs have positive effects on balance and functional mobility in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. However, no superiority of Tai Chi or the conventional exercise programs was determined over the other. Both Tai Chi and conventional exercise programs could be used to improve balance and functional mobility in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Tai Chi and conventional exercises are effective on balance in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Tai Chi and conventional exercises are effective on functional mobility in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Tai Chi may be added to the rehabilitation program for children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) is a commonly used technique applied by physical therapists in the rehabilitation of chronic pain., Objective: The aim of this study was to culturally adapt an existing PNE for children with chronic pain (PNE4Kids) to Turkish children with chronic pain (PNE4Kids-Turkish)., Methods: A three-round modified Delphi-study was conducted between September 2023 and February 2024. Experts completed questionnaire with 5 items to elicit demographic data and 16 closed and 7 open-ended questions to assess relevance of information, feasibility of stories, visual information, and clarity of message in the 4 main areas of 'normal pain biology', 'pain modulation', 'chronic pain, adaptations, central sensitization', and 'the application and implications of PNE4Kids. MAXQDA software was used for qualitative analysis of open-ended questions. A total of 38 experts (mean age: 36.6 ± 9.05 years, 6 male, 32 female) were recruited for this study., Results: The results of the first round indicated that 84-100 % of Delphi experts strongly agreed or agreed on the relevance of information, feasibility of stories, visual information, and clarity of message in respect of the 4 main areas. During second and third round, an acceptable degree of agreement with clinical usefulness of PNE4Kids-Turkish materials was obtained., Conclusions: PNE4Kids was culturally adapted for Turkish children suffering from chronic pain. The findings of this study mainly highlight the viewpoints of the experts., Implication to Practice: This is the first study to have developed and culturally adapted the PNE4Kids for Turkish children with chronic pain. The PNE4Kids-Turkish is crucial, valuable, helpful, and understandable for Turkish children with chronic pain. In addition, the PNE4Kids-Turkish has the potential to close the gap in research and clinical areas for Turkish children with chronic pain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report there are no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)