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El asco es una emoción que opera a través de la imposición encarnada de imágenes sensoriales que describen aquello que es objeto de repulsión/rechazo en un tiempo-espacio dado. A partir de la revisión narrativa de bibliografía específica, este artículo se propone sistematizar un conjunto de perspectivas teóricas que posibilita delinear una mirada sobre el asco como índice sensible de procesos sociales. Atendiendo a dicho propósito, se discuten las lógicas de contaminación y jerarquización desde las que opera el asco, se retoma la noción de “asco proyectivo” para el abordaje de las relaciones sociales con la alteridad que tienen lugar en el capitalismo, y se proponen algunas aperturas teórico-analíticas acerca de las estructuras sociales de lo asqueroso, elaboradas desde una sociología de las sensibilidades.

Background: Liver transplantation is considered a valid option for children with terminal acute or chronic liver diseases. However, it has significant morbidity and mortality, and the factors that influence patient and graft survival are less studied in pediatric recipients. Methods: We present our series of 950 consecutive pediatric liver transplants performed in Garrahan Pediatric Hospital in Argentina from 1992 to 2022. To analyze two different periods through time, transplants were divided into two eras (era I from 1992 to 2005, and era II from 2005 to 2022). Primary outcomes included one-year patient and graft survival. Kaplan Meier curves were compared using Log Rank test. Uni and multivariate analysis were made to analyze the impact on one year patient mortality and graft loss. Results: Graft survival at one year improved from 66.9 % in era 1 to 81.9 % in era 2 (log rank test 0.0001), while patient survival at one year went from 70.9 % to 86.9 % (log rank test 0.0001). Predictors of mortality and graft loss at one year were arterial graft, arterial thrombosis, prolonged ischemia time and weight under 10 kg, while the variables associated with better survival were era 2 and having a whole graft. The era was found to be an effect modifier, as children under 10 kg had higher risk of dying in the first era but not in the second. Conclusions: The improvements achieved are comparable to international standards and reflect the continuous improvements and experience of an interdisciplinary team.

Background: Patients with biliary atresia (BA) and portal hypoplasia have a higher risk of developing portal complications. The objective of this work is to analyze the results before and after the implementation of longitudinal portoplasty (LP) during liver transplantation (LT) in our center. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all pediatric patients transplanted due to BA with portal hypoplasia was conducted. Results were analyzed before and after the introduction of the LP in 2016. Primary endpoints were the occurrence of early portal vein thrombosis and portal vein thrombosis. Secondary endpoints were patient survival and portal complications. Results: 60 patients were transplanted before the implementation of LP and 60 patients after the new technique was used. Baseline characteristics did not differ among groups. Portal vein thrombosis decreased from 26.7 % in the first period, to 3.3 % in the second (p 0.001), and early portal thrombosis from 20 % to 1.7 % (p 0.002). An association was found between portal vein thrombosis and the period in which LP was implemented (OR 0.095, 95 %CI 0.021 0.43, p=0.002), showing a lower risk in the occurrence of thrombosis in the second period. Patient survival at 12 and 24 months in the first group was 79.6 % and 76.0 %, while in the second group was 93.1 % and 93.1 %, with a log rank test 0.01. Conclusions: The routine use of LP could possibly minimize the occurrence of portal complications and could be considered in these cases with good results. Level of evidence: II.

Introduction: Gliomas are the second most frequent primary brain tumors. Surgical resection remains a crucial part of treatment, as well as maximum preservation of neurological function. For this reason awake surgery has an important role.The objectives of this article are to present our experience with awake surgery for gliomas in a South American center and to analyze how intraoperative functional findings may influence the extent of resection and neurological outcomes. Materials and methods: Retrospective single center study of a cohort of adult patients undergoing awake surgery for brain glioma, by the same neurosurgeon, between 2012 and 2022 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Results: A total of 71 patients were included (mean age 34 years, 62% males). Seventy seven percent of tumors were low grade, with average extent of resection reaching 94% of preoperative volumetric assessment. At six months follow up, 81.7% of patients presented no motor or language deficit.Further analysis showed that having a positive mapping did not have a negative impact in the extent of resection, but was associated with short term postoperative motor and language deficits, among other variables, with later improvement. Conclusion: Awake surgery for gliomas is a safe procedure, with the proper training. In this study it was observed that guiding the resection by negative mapping did not worsen the results and that positive subcortical mapping correlated with short term postoperative neurological deficits with posterior improvement within six months in most cases.

Si algo caracteriza a la dinámica urbana es un vasto repertorio de sonoridades que opera y se proyecta como parte de su propia complejidad y funcionamiento. Sin embargo, a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19, las ciudades del mundo quedaron sumidas en un silencio inédito. El objetivo de este artículo es indagar el silencio y las sensibilidades en la ciudad pandémica, partiendo del supuesto de que dicha condición sonora es un “síntoma” de procesos sociales estructurales. Metodológicamente, se analiza una encuesta online administrada en Argentina en abril de 2020 sobre una muestra no probabilística de 918 personas adultas que se encontraban cumpliendo con la cuarentena obligatoria. En el marco de una sistematización teórica sobre el oído y la “política de la audición” elaborada desde una sociología de las sensibilidades, se discuten algunos resultados de la mencionada encuesta tomando como nodos problemáticos diversos registros del miedo asociados con el silencio urbano que emergieron en el país durante las primeras semanas de la pandemia. Se concluye presentando dos modulaciones que reviste el miedo (repliegue hacia el ámbito de lo privado y generalización de temores hacia la alteridad) y se presentan algunas articulaciones teórico-políticas sobre la escucha en el contexto del régimen aural del capitalismo contemporáneo.

Introduction Portal vein obstruction (PVO) consists of anastomotic stenosis and thrombosis, which occurs due to a progression of the former. The aim of this large-scale international study is to assess the prevalence, current management practices and efficacy of treatment in patients with PVO.Methods and analysis The Portal vein Obstruction Revascularisation Therapy After Liver transplantation registry will facilitate an international, retrospective, multicentre, observational study, with 25 centres around the world already actively involved. Paediatric patients (aged

BackgroundRecently, it was defined that the sellar barrier entity could be identified as a predictor of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) intraoperative leakage. The aim of this study is to validate the application of the sellar barrier concept for predicting intraoperative CSF leak in endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary adenomas with a machine learning approach.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study, from June 2019 to September 2020: data from 155 patients with pituitary subdiaphragmatic adenoma operated through endoscopic approach at the Division of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II,” were included. Preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI) and intraoperative findings were analyzed. After processing patient data, the experiment was conducted as a novelty detection problem, splitting outliers (i.e., patients with intraoperative fistula, n = 11/155) and inliers into separate datasets, the latter further separated into training (n = 115/144) and inlier test (n = 29/144) datasets. The machine learning analysis was performed using different novelty detection algorithms [isolation forest, local outlier factor, one-class support vector machine (oSVM)], whose performance was assessed separately and as an ensemble on the inlier and outlier test sets.ResultsAccording to the type of sellar barrier, patients were classified into two groups, i.e., strong and weak barrier; a third category of mixed barrier was defined when a case was neither weak nor strong. Significant differences between the three datasets were found for Knosp classification score (p = 0.0015), MRI barrier: strong (p = 1.405 × 10−6), MRI barrier: weak (p = 4.487 × 10−8), intraoperative barrier: strong (p = 2.788 × 10−7), and intraoperative barrier: weak (p = 2.191 × 10−10). We recorded 11 cases of intraoperative leakage that occurred in the majority of patients presenting a weak sellar barrier (p = 4.487 × 10−8) at preoperative MRI. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for outlier detection were 0.70, 0.64, and 0.72 for IF; 0.85, 0.45, and 1.00 for LOF; 0.83, 0.64, and 0.90 for oSVM; and 0.83, 0.55, and 0.93 for the ensemble, respectively.ConclusionsThere is a true correlation between the type of sellar barrier at MRI and its in vivo features as observed during endoscopic endonasal surgery. The novelty detection models highlighted differences between patients who developed an intraoperative CSF leak and those who did not.

Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors of the sellar and parasellar region for which surgical resection remains the treatment of choice. There are many publications on the most frequent postoperative complications, but few reports on subclinical lesions affecting the arteries of the circle of Willis, despite their high morbidity and mortality rate. Trauma-induced aneurysms are infrequent, representing less than 1% of intracranial aneurysms. Iatrogenic intracranial pseudoaneurysms are a subtype of surgically induced aneurysms developed as a result of direct injury to the arterial wall or after dissection of tumors adherent to the vessel adventitia. The natural history of these lesions is not well known because their incidence is extremely low. We report two cases of postoperative aneurysms of the internal carotid artery after craniopharyngioma resection and a brief review on the management of such lesions.

Introduction: Pseudo-Chiari malformation results from caudal displacement of brain structures secondary to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypotension. Some case reports in the syringomyelia literature are associated with a pseudo-Chiari malformation. We present an example of a case of this type, treated surgically at our institution and review the literature on this rare condition.Case descriptionA 27-year-old female patient with a history of headache, brachial paresthesias, progressive motor deficit and gait instability presented, 12 mm caudal descent of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum on MRI, holocord syringomyelia as well as signs of pseudo-Chiari malformation, compatible CSF hypotension secondary to CSF fistula.InterventionSurgical treatment included posterior decompression with repair using a dural patch and an epidural blood patch. Patient had a favorable clinical outcome in line with imaging findings observed during follow-up. Conclusion: Posterior decompression surgery combined with epidural blood patch allowed successful clinical management and good results on imaging.

Este artículo se propone establecer algunas conexiones y discusiones en torno al riesgo, la incertidumbre y la precariedad como categorías clave para el análisis de conflictos sociales en escenarios urbanos del Sur Global. Particularizando la mirada en procesos colectivos ligados al habitar, el trabajo y el ambiente, desde una Sociología de los Cuerpos/Emociones, se busca reponer algunas de las formas en las que el riesgo y la incertidumbre moldean “cuerpos precarios” en la actual fase de acumulación capitalista. En base al análisis cualitativo de material empírico colectado, se mapean algunas de las formas en que el riesgo, la incertidumbre y la precariedad se materializan en las prácticas, experiencias y emociones de los sujetos. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, se ha seleccionado la siguiente estrategia expositiva. En primer lugar, se presenta una breve sistematización de las nociones de riesgo, incertidumbre y precariedad, recuperando los principales aportes efectuados desde las Ciencias Sociales. Sobre esta base, se plantea una aproximación teórica a los “cuerpos precarios”, enfatizando la relevancia de una mirada desde la conflictividad social. En segundo lugar, se sintetizan escenas conflictuales seleccionadas en torno al habitar, el ambiente y el trabajo que han tenido lugar en los últimos años en contextos urbanos de Argentina, estableciendo enlaces teóricos con las nociones de riesgo, incertidumbre y precariedad desde una Sociología de los Cuerpos/Emociones. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión, se abren algunas pistas que señalan la relevancia teórico-epistemológica de observar el conflicto como un modo de acercamiento a las “sociedades del riesgo”, indicando ciertos sentidos en que la habitabilidad, el ambiente y el trabajo configuran marcas en los “cuerpos precarios” del Sur Global en el siglo XXI. This article aims at making some connections and raising the issues regarding risk, uncertainty and precariousness as key categories to analyze social conflict in Global South sceneries. Pointing at collective processes linked to inhabiting, working and living in polluted environments, from a Sociology of Bodies/Emotions we pretend to clarify some of the ways in which risk and uncertainty shape “precarious bodies” in the current phase of capitalist accumulation. In base of an analysis of qualitative empirical material, how risk uncertainty and precariousness became materialized in practices, experiences and emotions is displayed. To reach that objective, the following strategy is followed: First, a brief systematisation of the concepts of risk, uncertainty and precariousness is presented, going over the main findings made in Social Sciences. Then, a theoretical approach on precarious bodies is laid out, stressing its link to a perspective from social conflict. Secondly, some conflict scenes on habitat, environment and labour in urban context are summarised, then connecting them to the notions of risk, uncertainty and precariousness from a Sociology of Bodies/Emotions. Finally, as an open conclusion, some lines pointing at the theoretical-epistemological importance of looking at conflict as a way of approaching “risk societies” are delineated, indicating some of the ways in which habitability, environment and labour configure “precarious bodies” in XXIst Century Global South.

There is evidence of association between sellar barrier thickness and intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, impacting the postoperative prognosis of the patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical applicability of the sellar barrier concept in a series of operated patients with pituitary apoplexy (PA). A retrospective study was conducted including 47 patients diagnosed with PA who underwent surgical treatment through a transsphenoidal approach. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patients were evaluated and classified utilizing the following criteria: strong barrier (greater than 1 mm), weak barrier (less than 1 mm), and mixed barrier (less than 1 mm in one area and greater than 1 mm in another). The association between sellar barrier types and CSF leakage was analyzed, both pre- and intraoperatively. The preoperative MRI classification identified 10 (21.28%) patients presenting a weak sellar barrier, 20 patients (42.55%) with a mixed sellar barrier, and 17 patients (36.17%) exhibiting a strong sellar barrier. Preoperative weak and strong sellar barrier subtypes were associated with weak (p ≤ 0.001) and strong (p = 0.009) intraoperative sellar barriers, respectively. Strong intraoperative sellar barrier subtypes reduced the odds of CSF leakage by 86% (p = 0.01). A correlation between preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings in the setting of pituitary apoplexy has been observed.

En el trabajo se exponen algunas conexiones teóricas entre segregación socio-espacial, biografías y experiencias del habitar, identificadas desde los estudios de las sensibilidades. Con base en una investigación con residentes de villas de emergencia y asentamientos informales de la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina, se delimitan los conceptos experiencias del habitar y trayectorias de habitabilidad, utilizados en el estudio; se establecen correspondencias analíticas para la observación de la estructuración socio-espacial vigente; asimismo, se argumenta una propuesta teórico-metodológica para el abordaje de las trayectorias de habitabilidad, reflexionando sobre los límites y las potencialidades del método biográfico para la indagación de la segregación urbana desde las experiencias individuales.

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