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Quantum computers are inherently affected by noise. While in the long-term error correction codes will account for noise at the cost of increasing physical qubits, in the near-term the performance of any quantum algorithm should be tested and simulated in the presence of noise. As noise acts on the hardware, the classical simulation of a quantum algorithm should not be agnostic on the platform used for the computation. In this work, we apply the recently proposed noisy gates approach to efficiently simulate noisy optical circuits described in the dual rail framework. The evolution of the state vector is simulated directly, without requiring the mapping to the density matrix framework. Notably, we test the method on both the gate-based and measurement-based quantum computing models, showing that the approach is very versatile. We also evaluate the performance of a photonic variational quantum algorithm to solve the MAX-2-CUT problem. In particular we design and simulate an ansatz which is resilient to photon losses up to $p \sim 10^{-3}$ making it relevant for near term applications.

Photonic quantum computers, programmed within the framework of the measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), currently concur with gate-based platforms in the race towards useful quantum advantage, and some algorithms emerged as main candidates to reach this goal in the near term. Yet, the majority of these algorithms are only expressed in the gate-based model of computation, which is incompatible with photonic platforms. Methods to translate gate-based algorithms into the MBQC framework exist, but they are not always optimal in terms of resource cost. In our work, we propose an MBQC algorithm to run the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). Furthermore, we apply the MBQC-QAOA algorithm to the MAX $K$-CUT problem, working for all values of $K$, expressing the cost Hamiltonian and its constraints in a form easily implementable in the MBQC model. We conclude analyzing the resource-cost of our algorithm, compared to the case of translating a gate-based QAOA algorithm into MBQC rules showing up to a 30-fold improvement. With our work, we contribute to close the gap between gate-based and MBQC near-term algorithms, a gap not reflecting the current status of the hardware development., Comment: Published on PRA

We prove that there exists a positive, explicit function $F(k, E)$ such that, for any group $G$ admitting a $k$-acylindrical splitting and any generating set $S$ of $G$ with $\mathrm{Ent}(G,S)

We study Riemannian metrics on compact, torsionless, non-geometric $3$-manifolds, i.e. whose interior does not support any of the eight model geometries. We prove a lower bound "\`a la Margulis" for the systole and a volume estimate for these manifolds, only in terms of an upper bound of entropy and diameter. We then deduce corresponding local topological rigidy results in the class $\mathscr{M}_{ngt}^\partial (E,D) $ of compact non-geometric 3-manifolds with torsionless fundamental group (with possibly empty, non-spherical boundary) whose entropy and diameter are bounded respectively by $E, D$. For instance, this class locally contains only finitely many topological types; and closed, irreducible manifolds in this class which are close enough (with respect to $E,D$) are diffeomorphic. Several examples and counter-examples are produced to stress the differences with the geometric case., Comment: 21 pages

We survey the problem of separation under conjugacy and malnormality of the abelian peripheral subgroups of an orientable, irreducible $3$-manifold $X$. We shall focus on the relation between this problem and the existence of acylindrical splittings of $\pi_1(X)$ as an amalgamated product or HNN-extension along the abelian subgroups corresponding to the JSJ-tori., Comment: 23 pages; corrected typos. Added a Proposition in section 4.1 (Proposition 4.5)

We consider the stable norm associated to a discrete, torsionless abelian group of isometries $\Gamma \cong \mathbb{Z}^n$ of a geodesic space $(X,d)$. We show that the difference between the stable norm $\| \;\, \|_{st}$ and the distance $d$ is bounded by a constant only depending on the rank $n$ and on upper bounds for the diameter of $\bar X=\Gamma \backslash X$ and the asymptotic volume $\omega(\Gamma, d)$. We also prove that the upper bound on the asymptotic volume is equivalent to a lower bound for the stable systole of the action of $\Gamma$ on $(X,d)$; for this, we establish a Lemma \`a la Margulis for $\mathbb{Z}^n$-actions, which gives optimal estimates of $\omega(\Gamma,d)$ in terms of $\mathrm{stsys}(\Gamma,d)$, and vice versa, and characterize the cases of equality. Moreover, we show that all the parameters $n, \mathrm{diam}(\bar X)$ and $\omega (\Gamma, d)$ (or $\mathrm{stsys} (\Gamma,d)$) are necessary to bound the difference $d -\| \;\, \|_{st}$, by providing explicit counterexamples for each case. As an application, we prove that the number of connected components of any optimal, integral $1$-cycle in a closed Riemannian manifold $\bar X$ either is bounded by an explicit function of the first Betti number, $ \mathrm{diam}(\bar X)$ and $\omega(H_1(\bar X, \mathbb{Z}), d)$, or is a sublinear function of the mass., Comment: 14 pages. Upper bound of the Abelian Margulis' Lemma 1.2: Revised statement and argument of the characterization of the equality case. Corrected typos

We give a sharp comparison between the spectra of two Riemannian manifolds (Y,g) and (X,g_0) under the following assumptions: (X,g_0) has bounded geometry, (Y,g) admits a continuous Gromov-Hausdorff {\epsilon}-approximation onto (X,g_0) of non zero absolute degree, and the volume of (Y,g) is almost smaller than the volume of (X,g_0). These assumption imply no restrictions on the local topology or geometry of (Y,g) in particular no curvature assumption is supposed or infered.

We prove a Margulis' Lemma \`a la Besson Courtois Gallot, for manifolds whose fundamental group is a nontrivial free product A*B, without 2-torsion. Moreover, if A*B is torsion-free we give a lower bound for the homotopy systole in terms of upper bounds on the diameter and the volume entropy. We also provide examples and counterexamples showing the optimality of our assumption. Finally we give two applications of this result: a finiteness theorem and a volume estimate for reducible manifolds., Comment: Corrected typos; revised argument for examples 5.4 and 5.5