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Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with a prevalence of one to four cases per million. It is characterized by diffuse or localized palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. It has no gender or racial predilection. Etiology and pathogenesis of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome are still obscure. However, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome is believed to be caused by a genetic defect located on chromosome 11, which is responsible for coding cathepsin C, a lysosomal protease present mainly in the epithelial regions such as the palms, soles of feet, knees, and keratinized oral mucosa, which are the most commonly affected areas in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. Periodontitis is an oral manifestation of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome that results in early loss of deciduous and permanent teeth. This report aims to describe a case of an 11-year-old male patient diagnosed with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome at 4 years of age. After the diagnosis, the child lost all deciduous teeth and sought dental service at the Federal University of Goiás 2 years ago. He is being treated using a multidisciplinary approach involving the areas of periodontics, pathology, and orthodontics to avoid loss of permanent teeth and to provide conditions for preserving the health of remaining teeth while maintaining the function and the esthetics.

The overdosage of drugs of systemic and chronic use can generate tissue necrosis and oral ulcerations. A female patient, aged 7, diagnosed with hypomelanosis of Ito and refractory epilepsy, sought care after presenting with mouth sores. The intra-oral examination revealed the presence of erythematous and ulcerated lesions in the oral cavity. She has reported use of sodium valproate, nitrazepam, levothyroxine sodium, and leuprorelin. She also used vinegar, hexomedine, and chlorhexidine, aggravating the symptomatology of the lesions. In view of the clinical information, the hypothesis of drug ulceration, gingival fibromatosis, self-mutilation, allergy of sodium lauryl sulfate, and erythema multiforme was raised. Triamcinolone acetonide topical 1 mg /g was prescribed, the use of other substances was suspended, and lesion regression was observed. The final diagnosis was drug ulceration. The patient was not collaborating and, due to the impossibility of suspending the systemic medication, the symptomatic treatment of the lesions and follow-up has been performed.

Aicardi syndrome does not have an etiology defined, linked to the X chromosome. The triad of infantile convulsions, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and chorioretinal gaps are important for the diagnosis. A patient diagnosed with Aicardi syndrome, female, aged 19, has had controlled convulsions for 6 years and presented with a complaint of teeth sensitivity, anterior open bite, and loss of elements 16 and 46. The molars erupted with brownish pigmentation, and the incisors and canines show signs of enamel hypoplasia. The panoramic radiography showed asymmetry in the heads of the mandible. The tooth 11 presented radicular dilaceration, and the teeth 45 and 35 are rotated. The clinical findings evaluated together favor the hypothesis of molar and incisor hypomineralization, enamel hypoplasia, and congenital syphilis. The patient showed motor coordination and was cooperative, allowing oral hygiene instruction techniques, photographic record, restorative procedures, and exodontia. The clinical follow-up of the patient is being performed every 4 months.

O presente trabalho tem a pretensão de discutir a violência como elemento das relações de poder. Aborda também a violência estrutural e a forma de perceber a violência pelo senso comum e pela opinião pública. A partir desta percepção, procura relacionar a violência empregada pelo aparato estatal em nome da manutenção da ordem pública, em resposta á nsegurança propagada pelo imaginário do medo.

Comparison of the presence of Candida yeasts in the buccal cavity of children without and with Down's syndrome showed a statistically significant difference in the case of children that were affected by this chromosomopathy, rendering them more predisposed to buccal candidiasis, probably due to anatomicophysiologic alterations of the mouth resulting from trisomy of chromosome 21. Constant recurrence of buccal candidiasis in children with this chromosomal alteration lead to the search for a possible therapeutic alternative. Seeking to determine the antifungal activity of Streptomyces sp isolated from various Brazilian soils, 5 strains have been tested for Candida albicans isolated from the buccal cavity of children with Down's syndrome. It was observed that the isolate presented a diversity in the size of the halos (9-31 mm in diameter) of growth inhibition of the yeasts, suggesting a possible use as a therapeutic antifungal.

The aim of this article is to characterize the biological aspects of oral strains of C. albicans in children with Down's syndrome. These yeasts were analyzed as to their macromorphological and enzymatic aspects and were tested as to their in vitro susceptibility to antifungal drugs using broth microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The morphotyping revealed that all oral C. albicans isolates from children with Down's syndrome promoted the formation of fringes regardless of size, while the control group presented smaller fringes. All oral C. albicans strains produced proteinase, but those with phospholipolytic activity showed greater enzyme capacity in the test group. In vitro susceptibility showed that all oral C. albicans isolates were sensitive to the drugs used. O objetivo deste artigo foi caracterizar os aspectos biológicos de cepas de C. albicans orais em crianças com síndrome de Down. Estas leveduras foram analisadas quanto aos seus aspectos macromorfológicos e enzimáticos e foram testadas quanto a sua suscetibilidade in vitro a drogas antifúngicas, usando a microdiluição em caldo para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). A morfotipagem revelou que todos os isolados de C. albicans orais de crianças com síndrome de Down induziram à formação de franjas independente do tamanho, enquanto o grupo controle teve franjas menores. Todas as cepas de C. albicans orais produziram proteinase, mas aquelas com atividade fosfolipidolítica mostraram maior capacidade enzimática no grupo teste. A suscetibilidade in vitro mostrou que todos os isolados de C. albicans orais foram sensíveis a drogas empregadas.