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Introduction: Child epilepsy can be source of negative emotions and stress in pa- rents. Social support is an external personal resource coupled with the process of coping with difficult situations., Aim: The aim of the study evaluation the severity of negative emotions and ways of dealing with the stress of parents of children with epilepsy in relation to the received social support., Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in one of the children's hospitals in Małopolska, on 213 parents (148 women and 65 men) aged 21 to 66 years. The study used: HADS-M (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Modified HADS-M, BSSS (Berlin Social Suport Scale), Inventory for Measurement Coping Mini-COPE and the author's questionnaire. Statistical analysis used Pearson and Spearman's correlation and Mann-Whitney test and t-test. Calculations were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Statistical significance was p ≤0.05., Results: The dominant emotion that accompanied the parents was anxiety. Parents have used more strategies based on active coping, and seeking emotional support or instrumental. It has been shown there is a correlation between the level of intensity of negative emotions and social support, and also correlation between social support and ways of coping with stress., Conclusion: Parents expressed negative emotions but not of high severity which may be related to the choice of active coping strategies. Steps should be taken not only to assess the prevalence of negative emotions in a group of parents, but also to reduce the level of their intensity by exposing the importance of social support.

For many people diagnosed cancer and the treatment process is connected with emergen- ce and long-term existence of many negative emotions such as: depression, anxiety and stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity of negative emotional states of people diagnosed with cancer and the need for social support, as well as, exploration of the interdependence between these variables. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the occurrence of disorders and border states, of both anxiety and depressive character and high level of stress in the test.

Introduction: Cancerous disorders are the second most common cause of death among children. Blood cancer is a stressful and traumatic situation for the child, as well as the parents. To overcome the stress of child's illness parents adopt different coping styles. In overcoming these difficulties, the invaluable role is played by social support they receive from medical staff, family or institution., Aim: To assess the feeling of stress for parents of children diagnosed with blood cancer, to determine how they choose to deal with stress in a difficult situation., Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 63 parents of children diagnosed with blood cancer. The study used the PSS-10 scale to assess the stress experienced by parents, 40 GP ISEL scale to assess social support, Inventory Ways to Measure Coping and the author's questionnaire., Results: High perception of stress was observed among parents. It was found that the strategy based on active coping (taking action to improve the situation) got the highest scores among the strategies for coping with stress. The study showed that parents can most often count on material support., Conclusions: The feeling of stress severity among parents is high, particularly among women and people with higher education. The actions of medical team should take into account the needs of parents in raising and maintaining the resources to adapt to the difficult situation of child's disease.

Introduction: Leukaemias and lymphomas are the most common malignant diseases diagnosed among adolescents and they are associated with pain and anxiety. As a result they may affect the way patients accept their disease and determine subjective assessment of quality of life. The objective of this study was to recognise strategies for coping with pain, evaluate the process of accepting the disease and assess quality of life among adolescents diagnosed with hematopoietic malignancies., Material and Methods: The study group comprised 66 patients aged between 14 and 21 and diagnosed with leukaemia or lymphoma. The following measuring tools were used: the Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), and WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life evaluation., Results: Coping self-statements and praying or hoping were the two most common strategies used by our respondents when coping with pain. In the study group the level of anxiety had no influence on pain control and the ability to reduce it. A statistically significant relation was found between the level of catastrophizing as a method of coping with pain and quality of life in the physical domain. An additional correlation was observed between quality of life in the psychological domain and the level of pain control., Conclusions: The ability of coping with pain promotes the acceptance of illness and improves patient's quality of life. The age and duration of the disease were factors affecting strategies for coping with pain. A small percentage of respondents who experienced anxiety suggests that further and deeper research is needed in this field.

Patients with cystic fibrosis keep struggling with their disease despite the improvement of their lung function after lung transplantation. Also, they often have to define and verify their purpose and sense of life once again. Therefore, an attempt to search answers to the questions: what health is, what one is expecting form his/her life, and what value this life after lung transplantation has for him/her; seems significant.

Unlabelled: Knowledge about pain, its mechanisms of origin and interaction, has been dynamically developing recently. However, the disease and pain influence on an adolescent patient, despite research, seems to be recognised insufficiently and needs further examination. Results of this work have confirmed such needs. Pain, fear, depression and activity of cancer patients were assessed in order to better understand interactions between those elements. Satisfaction with life, feeling of sense of life and its purpose were evaluated at the same time., Material and Methods: 82 adolescents, aged 14 to 20, hospitalized because of cancer participated in the study. Ethical considerations decided that patients in serious clinical state and terminal state were excluded. The study was based on the measurement tools as follow: numerical (NRS) and visual-analogue scale of pain intensity (VAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, questionnaire to assess physical, social and intellectual activity--my own design, Purpose in Life Test, McGill Pain Questionnaire - Polish version., Results: The results showed main reasons of pain during hospitalization. The most common cause of pain were diagnostic and treatment procedures. In the cancer group, pain limited activity and pain influenced on fatigue. Fear and depression was observed in small percentage of patients. Correlation between pain, fear and depression showed significant relations. They had sense of aim and sense of life regardless of the group they belonged to., Conclusions: Obtained results showed that adolescents experience many sources of suffering, both physical and emotional. Analysis of obtained results revealed necessity of deepening and widening research in that direction among adolescents experiencing pain in different stages of disease progression.

Nocturnal enuresis co-exists with various emotional disturbances. Adolescents with bed-wetting problems often demonstrate a lowered self-esteem and self-acceptance. Most adolescents who struggle with this unpleasant condition come from incomplete, dysfunctional families. The illness does not allow the teenager to function comfortably in society and it may lead to increased emotional problems in the psyche of an adolescent person. Sickness does not allow free social functioning teenager and it can be problems in emotive sphere reason of deepening growing person.

Introduction: Chronic disease in adolescence is followed by many negative effects of somatic and psychosocial nature. These effects can be observed especially in oncological and rheumatologic diseases. This is due not only to the character of the disease, its chronic course, but also aggressive treatment. The objective of this work was to evaluate relationship between pain experience and sleep, fatigue and physical, social and intellectual functioning of teenage patients., Material and Methods: 124 adolescents, 14 to 20 years old, hospitalized because of cancer and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis participated in the study. Level of experienced pain was measured with VAS--Visual Analog Scale and NRS--Numeric Rating Scale. Quality of sleep was assessed with Polish version of Melzacks Questionnaire. Fatigue and activity were assessed with a questionnaire of our own construction., Results: Pain was a significant symptom accompanying rheumatologic and oncological disease, although the sources of pain experience were different. Significant percentage of participants suffered from sleep disruption and activity impairment. An important relationship between increase of pain intensity and sleep disruption in oncological patients was found. Significant relationships between pain intensity vs. fatigue and also pain intensity vs. functioning were identified., Conclusions: Pain, fatigue and sleep disruption account for important factors in rheumatologic and oncological diseases. They also cause decrease in physical, social and mental functioning of teenage patients. Results show that there is a significant relationship between outcomes of disease, its treatment and impact on functioning and developmental course of adolescents. Care delivered to those patients must be integrated and involve multidisciplinary factors.