Carbonell-Estrany X, Simões EAF, Bont LJ, Gentile A, Homaira N, Scotta MC, Stein RT, Torres JP, Sheikh J, Broor S, Khuri-Bulos N, Nokes DJ, Munywoki PK, Bassat Q, Sharma AK, Basnet S, Garba M, De Jesus-Cornejo J, Lupisan SP, Nunes MC, Divarathna M, Fullarton JR, Rodgers-Gray BS, Keary I, Reñosa MDC, Verwey C, Moore DP, Noordeen F, Kabra S, do Vale MS, Paternina-De La Ossa R, Mariño C, Figueras-Aloy J, Krilov L, Berezin E, Zar HJ, Paudel K, Safadi MAP, Dbaibo G, Jroundi I, Jha R, Rafeek RAM, Pinheiro RS, Bracht M, Muthugala R, Lanari M, Martinón-Torres F, Mitchell I, Irimu G, Pandey A, Krishnan A, Mejias A, da Costa MSC, Shrestha S, Pernica JM, de Carvalho FC, Jalango RE, Ibrahim H, Ewa A, Ensinck G, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Miralha AL, Lucion MF, Hassan MZ, Akhtar Z, Aleem MA, Chowdhury F, Rojo P, Sande C, Musau A, Zaman K, Helena L, Arlant F, Ghimire P, Price A, Subedi KU, Brenes-Chacon H, Goswami DR, Rahman MZ, Hossain ME, Chisti MJ, Vain NE, Lim A, Chiu A, Papenburg J, Juarez MDV, Senaratne T, Arunasalam S, Strand TA, Ayuk A, Ogunrinde O, Tavares LVS, Garba C, Garba BI, Dawa J, Gordon M, Osoro E, Agoti CN, Nyawanda B, Ngama M, Tabu C, Mathew JL, Cornacchia A, Rai GK, Jain A, Giongo MS, and Paes BA
Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures., Methods: A global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021. An online questionnaire was developed following three meetings of the Taskforce panellists wherein factors related to RSV infection, its prevention and management were identified using iterative questioning. Each factor was scored, by non-panellists interested in RSV, on a scale of zero (very-low-relevance) to 100 (very-high-relevance) within two scenarios: (1) Current and (2) Future expectations for RSV management., Results: Ninety questionnaires were completed: 70 by respondents (71.4% physicians; 27.1% researchers/scientists) from 16 LMICs and 20 from nine high-income (HI) countries (90.0% physicians; 5.0% researchers/scientists), as a reference group. Within LMICs, RSV awareness was perceived to be low, and management was not prioritised. Of the 100 factors scored, those related to improved diagnosis particularly access to affordable point-of-care diagnostics, disease burden data generation, clinical and general education, prompt access to new interventions, and engagement with policymakers/payers were identified of paramount importance. There was a strong need for clinical education and local data generation in the lowest economies, whereas upper-middle income countries were more closely aligned with HI countries in terms of current RSV service provision., Conclusion: Seven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in LMICs are proposed., Competing Interests: The reviewer PAP declared a past co-authorship with the author(s) FMT to the handling. XCE and BP have received research funding and/or compensation as advisor/lecturer from AbbVie and AstraZeneca. JF and BRG, working for Violicom and former company, have previously received payment from AbbVie and AstraZeneca for work on various projects. MCN reports grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sanofi-Pasteur; and personal fees from Pfizer and Sanofi-Pasteur. RTS has received fees for Advisory Board meetings and lectures for Sanofi-Pasteur, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and AbbVie. QB serves in the Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccine development for the protection of infants (since October 2015) (GlaxoSmithKline -GSK). JP reports grants to his institution from MedImmune, Merck, Sanofi Pasteur and AbbVie, and personal fees from AbbVie, Merck and AstraZeneca. JMP reports grants to his institution from MedImmune. HJZ has received funding for RSV-related research studies from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Merck and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. AM has received research funding from Merck and Janssen and compensation as advisor/lecturer from Sanofi-Pasteur and AstraZeneca. IM has been an investigator on studies funded by MedImmune, Regeneron, and Boehringer. MAS has received research funding from Janssen and compensation as advisor/lecturer from AbbVie, Sanofi-Pasteur and AstraZeneca. All declarations made by authors outside of the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2022 Carbonell-Estrany, Simões, Bont, Gentile, Homaira, Scotta, Stein, Torres, Sheikh, Broor, Khuri-Bulos, Nokes, Munywoki, Bassat, Sharma, Basnet, Garba, De Jesus-Cornejo, Lupisan, Nunes, Divarathna, Fullarton, Rodgers-Gray, Keary, Reñosa, Verwey, Moore, Noordeen, Kabra, do Vale, Paternina-De La Ossa, Mariño, Figueras-Aloy, Krilov, Berezin, Zar, Paudel, Safadi, Dbaibo, Jroundi, Jha, Rafeek, Pinheiro, Bracht, Muthugala, Lanari, Martinón-Torres, Mitchell, Irimu, Pandey, Krishnan, Mejias, Santos Corrêa Da Costa, Shrestha, Pernica, Cotrim de Carvalho, Jalango, Ibrahim, Ewa, Ensinck, Ulloa-Gutierrez, Miralha, Lucion, Hassan, Akhtar, Aleem, Chowdhury, Rojo, Sande, Musau, Zaman, Arlant, Ghimire, Price, Subedi, Brenes-Chacon, Goswami, Rahman, Hossain, Chisti, Vain, Lim, Chiu, Papenburg, Juarez, Senaratne, Arunasalam, Strand, Ayuk, Ogunrinde, Tavares, Garba, Garba, Dawa, Gordon, Osoro, Agoti, Nyawanda, Ngama, Tabu, Mathew, Cornacchia, Rai, Jain, Giongo and Paes.)