1. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in travellers and migrants: a 20-year GeoSentinel Surveillance Network analysis
- Author
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Boggild, Andrea, Caumes, Eric, Grobusch, Martin, Schwartz, Eli, Hynes, Noreen, Libman, Michael, Connor, Bradley, Chakrabarti, Sumontra, Parola, Philippe, Keystone, Jay, Nash, Theodore, Showler, Adrienne, Schunk, Mirjam, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Hamer, Davidson, Kain, Kevin, Von Sonnenburg, Frank, Rothe, Camilla, Jordan, Sabine, Vinnemeier, Christof, Yansouni, Cedric, McCarthy, Anne, Jensenius, Mogens, Goorhuis, Abraham, Coyle, Christina, Mockenhaupt, Frank, Harms-Zwingengerger, Gundel, Leung, Daniel, Benson, Scott, Gautret, Philippe, Javelle, Emilie, Chappuis, François, Rapp, Christophe, Ficko, Cécile, Van Genderen, Perry, Glans, Hedvig, Beadsworth, Michael, Beeching, Nicholas, Castelli, Francesco, Matteelli, Alberto, Plewes, Katherine, Mirzanejad, Yazdan, López-Vélez, Rogelio, Chamorro, Sandra, Waggoner, Jesse, Wu, Henry, Leder, Karin, Torresi, Joseph, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Huits, Ralph, Chen, Lin, Bourque, Daniel, Alpern, Jonathan, Stauffer, William, Cahill, John, Wyler, Ben, Haulman, Jean, Terry, Anne, Licitra, Carmelo, Taylor, Ashley, Perret Perez, Cecilia, Weitzel, Thomas, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Warne, Ben, Schlagenhauf, Patricia, Weber, Rainer, Schade Larsen, Carsten, Wejse, Christian, Barnett, Elizabeth, Hochberg, Natasha, Barkati, Sapha, Vincelette, Jean, Molina, Israel, Malvy, Denis, Duvignaud, Alexandre, Mendelson, Marc, Parker, Salim, Johnston, Victoria, Field, Vanessa, Kuhn, Susan, Piyaphanee, Watcharapong, Silachamroon, Udomsak, Diaz-Menendez, Marta, Kelly, Paul, Blumberg, Lucille, de Frey, Albie, Pandey, Prativa, Amatya, Bhawana, Mavunda, Kunjana, Saio, Mauro, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Department of Infectious Diseases [Amsterdam, Netherlands] (Academic Medical Center), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Tropical and Travel Medicine [Amsterdam, Netherlands], Laboratoire de Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires (PPSM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Tropical Diseases [Montréal] (TDC), McGill University, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Tropical Disease Unit [Toronto, Canada], University of Toronto, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, Geneva University Hospitals - HUG [Switzerland], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, Monash University [Clayton], Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Trust, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), University of Cape Town, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), CIWEC Clinic Travel Medicine Center, Katmandu, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Infectious diseases, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)
- Subjects
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous ,Male ,Immigration ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Epidemiology ,Species identification ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Political instability ,Child ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,Transients and Migrants ,Cutaneous leishmaniasis ,Geosentinel ,Mucosal leishmaniasis ,Skin lesions after travel ,Tegumentary leishmaniasis ,Vector-borne disease ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Child, Preschool ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Female ,Original Article ,Travel-Related Illness ,Adult ,Costa Rica ,Bolivia ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030231 tropical medicine ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,medicine ,Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis ,Humans ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,Aged ,Syria ,business.industry ,Afghanistan ,Infant ,Leishmaniasis ,Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis ,medicine.disease ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may be emerging among international travellers and migrants. Limited data exist on mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in travellers. We describe the epidemiology of travel-associated CL and MCL among international travellers and immigrants over a 20-year period through descriptive analysis of GeoSentinel data. Methods Demographic and travel-related data on returned international travellers diagnosed with CL or MCL at a GeoSentinel Surveillance Network site between 1 September 1997 and 31 August 2017 were analysed. Results A total of 955 returned travellers or migrants were diagnosed with travel-acquired CL (n = 916) or MCL during the study period, of whom 10% (n = 97) were migrants. For the 858 non-migrant travellers, common source countries were Bolivia (n = 156, 18.2%) and Costa Rica (n = 97, 11.3%), while for migrants, they were Syria (n = 34, 35%) and Afghanistan (n = 22, 22.7%). A total of 99 travellers (10%) acquired their disease on trips of ≤ 2 weeks. Of 274 cases for which species identification was available, Leishmania Viannia braziliensis was the most well-represented strain (n = 117, 42.7%), followed by L. major (n = 40, 14.6%) and L. V. panamensis (n = 38, 13.9%). Forty cases of MCL occurred, most commonly in tourists (n = 29, 72.5%) and from Bolivia (n = 18, 45%). A total of 10% of MCL cases were acquired in the Old World. Conclusions Among GeoSentinel reporting sites, CL is predominantly a disease of tourists travelling mostly to countries in Central and South America such as Bolivia where risk of acquiring L. V. braziliensis and subsequent MCL is high. The finding that some travellers acquired leishmaniasis on trips of short duration challenges the common notion that CL is a disease of prolonged travel. Migrants from areas of conflict and political instability, such as Afghanistan and Syria, were well represented, suggesting that as mass migration of refugees continues, CL will be increasingly encountered in intake countries.
- Published
- 2019